UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS (STA2020), DEC, 2016

MARK SCHEME

QUESTION # 1

(a)
Daily Cumulative
Production frequency Midpoint(x) f x frequency f ( x − x)2

50 – 59 5 54.5 272.5 5 1513.8

60 – 69 15 64.5 967.5 20 821.4

70 – 79 20 74.5 1490 40 135.2

80 – 89 8 84.5 676 48 1270.08

90 – 99 2 94.5 189 50 1021.52

50 3595 4762

3595
(i) Mean = = 71.9 [3 marks]
50
 25 − 20 
(ii) Median = 69.5 +   10 = 69.5 + 2.5 = 72 [3 marks]
 20 
4762
(iii) Standard deviation = = 9.86 [5 marks]
49

(b) (i) 0.2 + m – 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.1 = 1

m + 0.6 =1

m = 0.4 [2 marks]

(ii) E ( X ) = 0  0.2 + 1 0.3 + 2  0.1 + 3  0.3 + 4  0.1 = 1.8 [2 marks]

1
QUESTION # 2

2(a)
(i) P(not covered by health insurance ) =
290
= 0.29 → [2 marks]
1000

160
(ii ) P(not covered by health insurance and a man)= = 0.16 → [2 marks]
1000

710 350 220

(iii) P( covered by health insurance or is a woman) = + −
1000 1000 1000
840
= = 0.84 → [2 marks]
1000

130
130
(iv) P(not covered by health insurance/ woman) = 1000 = = 0.371 → [3 marks]
350 350
1000

2(b)

P( A) = 0.20 P( B) = 0.30 P( A  B ) = 0.40

(i ) P( A  B) = P( A  B) = 1 − P( A  B)
= 1 −  P( A) + P( B) − P( A  B) 
= 1 −  0.20 + 0.30 − 0.40
= 1 − 0.10
= 0.9 → [3 marks]
P( A  B)
(ii ) P( A / B) =
P( B)
P( B) − P( A  B)
=
P( B)
0.30 − 0.10
=
0.30
0.20
=
0.30
2
= = 0.667 → [3 marks]
3

2
QUESTION # 3

3 (a) n = 10, p = 0.40 q = 0.60

(i ) P ( X = 3) = 0.215 → [2 marks]
(ii ) P( X  2) = 1 −  P( X = 0) + P( X = 1) 
= 1 −  0.006 + 0.040
= 1 − 0.046
= 0.954 → [3 marks]

(b)  =8

P( X  2) = 1 −  P( X = 0) + P( X = 1) + P( X = 2) 
= 1 −  0.0003 + 0.0027 + 0.0027 
= 1 − 0.0137
= 0.9863 → 3 marks 
 

(c)  = 24
 = 2.5

(i ) P(26  X  30)
 26 − 24 X −  30 − 24 
P   
 2.5  2.4 
P(0.8  Z  2.4) = 0.4918 − 0.2881
= 0.2037 → [3marks]

(ii ) P( X  a ) = 0.01
 a − 24 
PZ   = 0.01
 2.5 
a − 24
= 2.33
2.4
a = 24 + 2.33  2.4
a = 29.825 → [4 marks]

3
QUESTION # 4

 z  s   1.96  2 
2 2

(a) Sample size (n) =   =  = 1536.64  1537 [3 marks]

 E   0.1 

(b) H0 : p1 = p2 [0.5]
H1 : p1  p2 [0.5]

48
pˆ1 = = 0.06 [0.5]
800
45
pˆ 2 = = 0.05 [0.5]
900
48 + 45 93
pc = = = 0.055 [1]
800 + 900 1700

p1 − p 2
Test Statistic: z =
pc (1 − pc ) pc (1 − pc )
+
n1 n2

0.06 − 0.05
z=
0.055(0.945) 0.055(0.945)
+
800 900
0.01
=
0.0111

= 0.90 [1]

 = 0.005
 = 0.005

-2.58 0 2.58 [1 mark]

Decision: The value of the test statistic Z = 0.90 falls in the non-rejection region.
Consequently, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the
proportions of defective items produced by two machines are not different.

[1 mark]

4
(c) H 0 : 1 = 2 [0.5]

H1 : 1  2 [0.5]

x1 − x2
Test Statistic: t =
1 1
s 2p  + 
 n1 n2 

(27 − 1)2.22 + (15 − 1)2.52

s 2p =
27 + 15 − 2
213.34
=
40
= 5.331 [1]

68 − 65
t=
 1 1
5.331 + 
 27 15 
3
=
0.744
= 4.03 [2]

0 t = 1.684 [1 mark]

Decision: Since tcal = 4.03  1.684 we reject H 0 and conclude that there is
sufficient statistical evidence to infer that the mean speed of cars driven by all
men drivers on the highway is higher than that of cars driven by all women
drivers.
[1 mark]

5
QUESTION # 5

(a) (i) 48.40 [1 mark]

(ii ) x = 48.40  = 4.5 n = 36

90% z − value = 1.65
  
x z 
 n
4.5
48.40  1.65( )
36
= 48.4  1.24
( 47.16, 49.64 ) → [4marks]
(b) H 0 : There is no relationship between the pension plan selected and the job
classification of the employees

H1 : There is a relationship between the pension plan selected and the job
classification of the employees

Pension Plan
Job Classification Plan A Plan B Plan C Total

Supervisor 10 13 29 52
(17.33) ( 23.64) (11.03)

Cleric 19 80 19 118
(39.33) ( 53.64) (25.03)

Labour 81 57 22 160
(53.33) (72.73) (33.94)

Total 110 150 70 330

 (O − E )2 
 = 
2
 = 3.100 + 4.789 + 29.277 + 10. 509 + 12. 954 + 1.453 +
 E 
14.356 + 3.402 + 4.200 = 84.04

df = (3-1)(3-1) = 4 Level of significance = 0.01

Because the computed value of chi-square lies in the region to the right side of 13.277,
the null hypothesis is rejected at the 0.01 level. We conclude there is a relationship
between the pension plan selected and the job classification of the employees
[10 marks]

6
QUESTION # 6

x y x2 y2 xy
2.90 23 8.41 529 66.7
3.81 28 14.5161 784 106.68
3.20 23 10.24 529 73.6
2.42 21 5.8564 441 50.82
3.94 32 15.5236 1024 126.08
2.05 19 4.2025 361 38.95
18.32 146 58.7486 3668 462.83

(a) Find the equation of the least squares regression line

Least squares regression line, y = a + bx ,

n xy − (  x )(  y ) 6(462.83) − (18.32)(146) 102.26

b= = = = 6.06
n x − (  x ) 6(58.746) − (18.32) 2
2
2 16.8692

a=
 Y − b   X  = 146 − 6.06 18.32
= 5.83
n  n  6 6
 

y = 5.83 + 6.06 x [7 marks]

(b) y = 5.83 + 6.06(3.5) = 27.04 [2 marks]

n xy −  x y
(c) r=
 n x 2 − ( x )2   n y 2 − ( y )2 
       
6(462.83) − (18.32)(146) 102.26 102.26
= = = = 0.95
[6(58.7486) − (18.32)2 ][6(3668) − (146)2 ] 16.8692692 108.04
[3 marks]
There is a strong positive relationship between the G.P.A. (x) and the starting
salaries(y) [1 mark]

(d) Coefficient of Determination: r2=0.90 [1 mark]

90% of the variation in the starting salaries (y) is due to the changes in G.P.A. (x)

[1 mark]