Psychological Tendency -Attitudes can be defined as a psychological tendency to evaluate an object in a

favorable or unfavorable manner (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). It may entail cognitive as well as affective
components. It may entail cognitive as well as affective components. Both cognitive beliefs and
affective feelings can, as suggested by theory (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), determine an individual’s
behavior
Psychological Tendencies from “The Psychology of Human Misjudgment” by Charlie Munger
1.Reward and Punishment Superresponse Tendency: People are strongly motivated by incentives and
punishments. It drives people to work towards rewards, and away from punishments. Munger also says
while rewards are a great motivators, they also produce bad behaviour or incentives-caused bias

2. Liking/Loving Tendency: We are biased towards people or things we like or love.

The tendency to especially like oneself, one’s own kind and one’s own idea structures, and the tendency
to be especially susceptible to being misled by someone liked.
The most common form of liking tendency you'll see is toward individual people and brands or
organizations.

3. Disliking/Hating Tendency: We are biased against people or things we dislike or hate.

For example if the replacement coach of your basketball team told you you're dribbling the wrong way
and gave you actionable advice on how to fix it you'd likely block out that advice and deny your mistake.

4. Doubt-Avoidance Tendency: People prefer certainty and have a discomfort with doubt or ambiguity.

5. Inconsistency-Avoidance Tendency: We resist change and prefer to maintain our existing beliefs and
habits.

6. Curiosity Tendency: Humans have an innate desire to seek new information and experiences.

7. Kantian Fairness Tendency: We want to be fair and just, and expect others to be the same.

8. Envy/Jealousy Tendency: People often feel unhappy or resentful about others' success or possessions.
9. Reciprocation Tendency: We feel obligated to return favors or repay debts.

10. Influence-from-Mere-Association Tendency: We judge people or things based on their associations.

11. Simple, Pain-Avoiding Psychological Denial: We deny painful realities to protect ourselves from
emotional discomfort.

12. Excessive Self-Regard Tendency: People tend to overestimate their own abilities and achievements. 1

3. Overoptimism Tendency: We are overly optimistic about the future and our chances of success. 14.
Deprival-Superreaction Tendency: We react more strongly to perceived losses than to gains. 15. Social-
Proof Tendency: We look to others' behavior to guide our own actions in uncertain situations. 16.
Contrast-Misreaction Tendency: We judge stimuli based on their contrast to other stimuli, rather than
absolute values. 17. Stress-Influence Tendency: Stress can affect our decision-making and cognitive
abilities. 18. Availability-Misweighing Tendency: We tend to overestimate the importance of information
that is readily available to us. 19. Use-It-or-Lose-It Tendency: Mental and physical skills deteriorate
without practice or use. 20. Drug-Misinfluence Tendency: Substance abuse can lead to irrational behavior
and poor decision-making. 21. Senescence-Misinfluence Tendency: Age-related decline in cognitive
abilities can impact judgment. 22. Authority-Misinfluence Tendency: We tend to obey or follow authority
figures, even if their commands are flawed. 23. Twaddle Tendency: People have a natural inclination to
engage in meaningless or trivial communication. 24. Reason-Respecting Tendency: We are more likely to
accept ideas or decisions when given a reason or explanation. 25. Lollapalooza Tendency: Extreme
outcomes can result from the confluence of multiple psychological tendencies acting together.