CHAPTER 3:

DRAFTING TOOLS AND MATERIALS

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OBJECTIVE:
• Understand the selection and use of drawing tools and
materials, be able to properly manipulate these tools, and
demonstrate their skills through instrumental drawing.

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ROLE OF DRAWING TOOLS AND MATERIALS
IN CREATING SUCCESSFUL ARTWORKS.

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Expression of Ideas:
• Drawing tools and materials are the
artist's instruments for translating their
ideas and emotions onto paper or
other surfaces.
• The choice of tools can greatly affect
how effectively the artist can convey
their intended message or mood.

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Technical Skill:
• Different drawing materials require
different techniques and levels of skill.
For example, using charcoal demands a
different approach than using colored
pencils.
• Mastery of these tools enhances an
artist's ability to execute their ideas
with precision.

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Texture and Appearance:
• Drawing materials can create various
textures, lines, and visual effects.
Pencils, for instance, can produce fine,
precise lines, while charcoal can create
bold, expressive strokes.
• The choice of material can influence
the overall look and feel of the
artwork.

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Color and Mood:
• When color is involved, the choice of
colored pencils, pastels, watercolors, or
markers can significantly impact the
mood of the artwork.
• Different color palettes can evoke
different emotions and convey various
themes.

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Durability and Preservation:
• The longevity of the artwork can
depend on the choice of materials.
• Some materials, such as archival-quality
paper and ink, are more resistant to
fading or deteriorating over time,
ensuring the artwork remains in good
condition for years to come.

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Experimentation and Innovation:
• Artists often use a variety of tools and
materials to experiment with new
techniques and styles.
• Mixing and matching different
materials can lead to unique and
innovative artistic expressions.

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Scale and Format:
• The choice of drawing tools and
materials can also impact the scale and
format of the artwork.
• Certain materials are better suited for
large-scale pieces, while others are
more appropriate for smaller, detailed
works.

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Accessibility and Cost:
• The availability and cost of drawing
tools and materials can influence an
artist's choices.
• Some artists may opt for more
affordable materials while others may
invest in high-quality, specialized tools.

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Cultural and Historical Context:
• The choice of drawing tools and
materials can be influenced by cultural
and historical factors.
• Different regions and time periods
have favored certain materials and
techniques, which can contribute to the
cultural context of the artwork.

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Personal Style:
• Over time, artists often develop their
own personal style, which can be
closely tied to their preferred tools and
materials.
• An artist may become known for their
distinctive use of a specific medium.

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PENCILS

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https://pencils.com/pages/hb-graphite-grading-scale

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 Types of Pencils
and Their Degrees
of Hardness:

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• HB Pencil: HB stands for "Hard Black." It's a versatile pencil with a medium
level of hardness. HB pencils produce lines that are neither too light nor too
dark, making them suitable for general-purpose drawing, outlining, and
sketching.
• 2B Pencil: The "2B" pencil is slightly softer than the HB. It's great for darker
lines and shading. Artists often use 2B pencils for initial sketches and creating
mid-tone values.
• 4B Pencil: 4B pencils are softer than 2B pencils and produce even darker lines.
They are excellent for shading, adding depth to drawings, and creating rich,
dark areas. They are often used in figure drawing and creating bold, expressive
lines.
• 6B Pencil: 6B pencils are among the softest graphite pencils available. They
produce very dark and thick lines, making them ideal for shading, creating
dramatic contrasts, and achieving a wide range of values. Artists often use 6B
pencils for expressive and bold drawing techniques.

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Choosing the Right
Pencil for Different
Types of Drawings:

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• Outlines and Fine Details: For precise outlines and fine details, such as
architectural drawings or technical sketches, choose harder pencils like HB or
even 2H for very fine lines.
• Shading and Tonal Work: When you need to add shading and create a range
of values, softer pencils like 2B, 4B, or 6B are more suitable. These pencils
allow for smoother shading transitions and darker tones.
• Sketching and Initial Drawing: For initial sketches and rough outlines, you
can start with an HB or 2B pencil. They provide a good balance between
precision and the ability to add shading if needed.
• Expressive or Bold Lines: If you want to create bold, expressive lines or
emphasize certain areas in your drawing, 4B or 6B pencils are excellent choices.
They allow you to achieve a strong contrast between light and dark areas.

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ERASERS

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Kneaded erasers: also known as putty erasers, are pliable and moldable erasers
that resemble soft clay. They are typically gray or beige in color.

• Kneaded erasers are ideal for light and delicate erasing tasks. They are excellent
for removing small mistakes, smudges, or unwanted marks without damaging
the paper. Kneaded erasers can also be shaped into fine points or edges,
making them suitable for precision work, such as erasing highlights in a portrait
or cleaning up edges in a graphite drawing.

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Rubber erasers: typically white or pink and come in various sizes and shapes,
including rectangular and cylindrical forms.

• Rubber erasers are suitable for more significant corrections and erasing larger
areas. They are effective at removing pencil marks and can be used to clean up
larger sections of your drawing. However, they may be less precise than kneaded
erasers, so they are better suited for broader erasing tasks.

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DRAWING
PAPERS

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IMPORTANCE OF USING SMOOTH, HIGH-QUALITY DRAWING PAPER:

• Durability: High-quality drawing paper is typically more durable and less prone
to tearing or yellowing over time. This durability ensures that your artwork
remains in good condition for years to come, making it suitable for archiving or
display.
• Preventing Bleeding and Smudging: Smooth paper with a uniform texture
prevents ink, graphite, or other drawing mediums from bleeding or smudging
excessively. This allows for cleaner, crisper lines and more precise details in your
artwork.
• Enhancing Color Vibrancy: When using colored pencils, markers, or other
coloring mediums, the paper's quality can impact how colors appear. High-
quality paper often retains the vibrancy and richness of colors, providing a more
visually appealing result.

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IMPORTANCE OF USING SMOOTH, HIGH-QUALITY DRAWING PAPER:

• Texture for Different Effects: Drawing paper comes in various textures,

including smooth, medium, and rough. The choice of texture can influence the
visual effects in your artwork. Smooth paper is ideal for precise, detailed work,
while textured paper can add depth, character, and tactile appeal to your
drawings.
• Ink and Pen Compatibility: If you work with ink or pens, the type of paper
you choose can affect how well the ink adheres to the surface and how it dries.
High-quality drawing paper is less likely to feather or spread the ink, ensuring
that your lines remain sharp and defined.
• Support for Wet Media: Some artists use watercolor or other wet media in their
drawings. High-quality drawing paper designed for wet media can withstand the
moisture without warping or deteriorating, providing a stable surface for
experimentation.

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HOW THE CHOICE OF PAPER AFFECTS THE FINAL RESULT:

• Texture: The texture of the paper affects the visual and tactile qualities of your
drawing. Smooth paper is excellent for fine details and realistic rendering, while
textured paper can add depth, character, and a sense of texture to your artwork.
Different textures can evoke various moods and styles in your drawings.

• Weight: Drawing paper comes in various weights, measured in pounds or grams

per square meter (gsm). Heavier-weight paper (higher gsm) is more robust and
less likely to warp when wet media are applied. It can also support multiple
layers of color or shading without the risk of tearing or buckling.

• Tone: The tone or color of the paper can impact the overall look of your
drawing. White paper is neutral and versatile, while colored paper can influence
the mood and atmosphere of your artwork. Artists often choose colored paper
for specific effects or to create a particular ambiance in their drawings.

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RULERS

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TYPES OF RULERS:

• Straight Ruler: A straight ruler is a rigid, typically flat tool made of

materials like plastic, metal, or wood. It has a straight edge and is
available in various lengths, such as 6 inches, 12 inches, or 18 inches.

• Flexible Ruler: A flexible ruler, also known as a bendable or curve

ruler, is made of pliable materials like plastic or rubber. It can be
bent or curved to create curved lines or follow irregular shapes.

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FUNCTIONS OF RULERS IN CREATING STRAIGHT
LINES AND ANGLES:

• Creating Straight Lines: Both straight and flexible rulers are

primarily used for creating straight lines in drawings. You can align
the ruler's edge with the desired path and draw along it to achieve
clean, straight lines.
• Creating Angles: Rulers, especially straight rulers, are essential for
drawing precise angles. By aligning the ruler's edge at the desired
angle and drawing along it, you can ensure accuracy in angle
measurement and line placement.

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PROTRACTOR

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PROTRACTOR
• is a measuring instrument used in geometry and technical drawing
to measure and draw angles. It typically consists of a semicircular or
full-circle graduated scale with degrees marked from 0° to 180° or
0° to 360°, along with a central pivot point.

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FUNCTIONS AND USE OF A PROTRACTOR:
• Measuring Angles: The primary function of a protractor is to measure angles.
To do this, place the center point (pivot) of the protractor at the vertex (the
point where two lines meet) of the angle. Then, align one of the protractor's
straight edges along one of the angle's arms. Read the degree measurement
where the other arm intersects the protractor's scale.
• Drawing Angles: Protractors are also used to draw angles of specific
measurements. To draw an angle, place the center point of the protractor at the
desired vertex, align one of the protractor's edges with one of the arms of the
angle, and then use the scale to measure and mark the desired angle on the
paper.

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COMPASS

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COMPASS
• a drawing tool used to create circles, arcs, and other curved
shapes. It typically consists of two arms: one with a sharp
point (the needle or leg) that serves as the center of the
circle, and the other with a pencil or pen holder that allows
you to draw around the central point.

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FUNCTIONS AND USE OF A COMPASS:

• Creating Circles: The primary function of a compass is to draw

perfect circles of various sizes. To draw a circle, adjust the
compass's arms to the desired radius by loosening and tightening
the adjustment nut. Place the needle at the center point where you
want the circle, and then rotate the compass around the center point
while keeping the pencil in contact with the paper.
• Drawing Arcs: Compasses are also used to draw arcs, which are
portions of circles. By adjusting the radius and using one arm as the
center, you can create curved lines and shapes.

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ACTIVITY

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“Precision tools lead
to excellent drafts.”
-iLab

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