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EnglishPrinciples of Good Writing
EnglishPrinciples of Good Writing
Managers and leaders must express their ideas clearly, concisely, and completely when speaking
and writing. If your written messages aren’t clear or lack important details, people will be
confused and will not know how to respond. In addition, if your written messages are too
lengthy, people simply don’t read them. The process of good writing involves three basic steps –
preparing, writing, and editing. Practicing the following 16 principles will help you be a more
effective writer.
1. Know your objective. Think before you write. What’s your goal? Make sure you fully
understand the assignment. Are you writing a one-paragraph executive summary or a five-page
report? Try answering this question: What specifically do I want the reader to know, think, or
do?
2. Make a list. Write down the ideas or points you want to cover. Why? This helps you get
started in identifying the key ideas you want to discuss. If you have trouble getting started, try
discussing your ideas with someone else. “Kicking an idea around” often helps you clarify your
objective and fine-tune what you are trying to accomplish.
3. Organize your ideas. Just as it’s difficult to find what you want in a messy, disorganized
desk drawer, it’s hard to find important ideas in a poorly organized message. Here are a few
ways you can organize your ideas:
– Importance – Begin with the most important piece of information and then move on to the
next most important.
– Chronological order – Describe what happened first, second, third.
– Problem-Solution – Define the problem, then describe possible alternatives or the solution you
recommend.
– Question-Answer – State a question and then provide your answer.Organize your ideas so the
4 PRINCIPLE 2 BREAK THINGS DOWN You know what you want to write about – topic You
must decide on the basic building blocks that are essential to skirt-theory that topic This is why
the 5-paragraph essay became a staple of high school writing Especially in on-demand writing,
consider incorporating a “lead sentence” – this is the topic sentence of topic sentences Example:
I would like to show who I am through a discussion of three special turning points in my
personal and career
development: when I switched from an English major to and education major, when I spent a
year teaching in South Korea, and when I completed my graduate degree in business
5 PRINCIPLE 3 USE TRANSITION WORDS Transition words serve one of four primary
purposes To show contrast (stop and get ready to turn) However, but, yet, on the other hand,
whereas To show illustration or enumeration (keep going) First, second, third, for example, for
instance, in fact To show continuation (slow down but keep going) Furthermore, moreover, on
the one hand, undoubtedly, coincidentally To show conclusion (you’re about to arrive) Finally,
so, therefore, thus, as a result
6 PRINCIPLE 3 USE TRANSITIONAL WORDS Identify the transition words and their
purpose in the following text: Time management involves thinking in terms of effectiveness first
and efficiency second. Whereas efficiency is concerned with doing a task in the fastest possible
manner, effectiveness is concerned with spending time doing the “right” things. Effectiveness is
therefore a
broader, more useful concept, which questions whether we should even do a particular task.
7 PRINCIPLE 3 USE TRANSITIONAL WORDS The simplest writing approach – this is not
the most exciting but it is clear and it works. Take a stance Write your conclusion State “there
are several reasons for this” Use transitional words Voila Consider it for the ACT as long as you
have both sides of the argument covered in your “several reasons” section
9 PRINCIPLE 4 EMPLOY THE SIX BASIC WRITING STRUCTURES There are, of course,
other potential structures and rhetorical modes that you can use. Two other common ones:
Question and
10 PRINCIPLE 5 KEEP LIKE THINGS TOGETHER Don’t put all the zoo animals in one big
mess of a cage – don’t put all ideas together in one big mess of an essay! Finish your
discussion/point of each idea before moving on to the next. Fix this mess…
11 PRINCIPLE 6 SUPPORT WHAT YOU SAY This is the biggest difference between effective
writing and mediocre writing – concrete and specific examples Apples are interesting. Abigail
Williams is a horrible character. Work on the examples provided Keep this idea in mind when
you write your college entrance essays and when you ask teachers to write letters of
recommendation!
his homework to prepare for next day’s classes. Not only does it give support but you, as
students, can relate
15 PRINCIPLE 8 KEEP IT SIMPLE Be careful with a thesaurus! Simple verbs, nouns, and
adjectives have broader meanings in English than more complicated words Consider the
following Acceded or Agreed Accommodate or Serve Accumulate or Gather
16 PRINCIPLE 8 KEEP IT SIMPLE This doesn’t mean “big words” are bad, just that you need
to make sure you understand their meaning and that they are appropriate! We will talk more
about power word choice later… Try this exercise
18 PRINCIPLE 9 CUT DOWN LONG SENTENCES Consider this revision: Leadership can
take place either by example of command. Alexander the Great is an example of a military leader
who did both. Gandhi and Mother Teresa, on the other hand, led primarily by the power of
inspiring personal example. This rule does not mean that all sentences should be short – just that
you don’t need superfluous material! Don’t underestimate the power of a short sentence (3-5
words). It will catch the eye!
23 PRINCIPLE 11 GAIN ACTIVE POWER Active Voice v. Passive Voice Today the computer
files were erased. Today Al Smith erased the computer files. Sometimes passive voice is fine.
The world’s largest pearl (6.4 kg) was discovered in the Philippines in 1934. School was
cancelled today. Joyce Buckingham was awarded a medal by the committee organizers.
Complete the exercise
26 PRINCIPLE 13 ALWAYS USE PARALLEL FORMS “Let every nation know, whether it
wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support
any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty.” – JFK Parallelism
relates to any part of speech Look for it in lists They went to London, to Paris, and Istanbul.
They went to London, to Paris, and to Istanbul. She likes sun, the sand, and going to the sea. She
likes the sun, the sand, and the sea.
27 PRINCIPLE 13 ALWAYS USE PARALLEL FORMS The entrepreneur had the personality,
the contacts, and had the intelligence to succeed in almost any business venture. The
entrepreneur had the personality, had the contacts, and had the intelligence to succeed in almost
any business venture. Exercise
29 PRINCIPLE 14 CAPITALIZE ON SENTENCE VARIETY With a verb – Try not to eat and
talk. With an adverb – Understandably, students like to hear entrepreneurs speak of rags to riches
stories. With adjectives – Intelligent and compassionate, Dorothy has the ingredients to be a
leader. With a gerund – Allowing plenty of time, the law student started studying eight weeks
before the bar exam. With an infinitive – To be a monk, a person must be able to relinquish
selfishness in order to concentrate on a higher goal. With a correlative conjunction – Not only
poverty but also pollution threatens the development of the third world.