1.

When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the
organization that exists outside the living cell,
A. energy has been created.
B. entropy has increased.
C. entropy has decreased.
D. entropy remains the same.
E. energy flow is stopped.

2. The amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred is called
A. entropy.
B. metabolic energy.
C. potential energy.
D. kinetic energy.
E. free energy.

3. Free energy is calculated by

A. subtracting the free energy content of the products from that of the reactants.
B. subtracting the free energy content of the reactants from that of the products.
C. adding the free energy content of the products to that of the reactants.
D. adding the free energy content of the reactants to that of the products.
E. the number of ATP molecules are used in a reaction.

4. A metabolic reaction that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide energy for a second
reaction that requires energy is called
A. an endergonic reaction.
B. an exergonic reaction.
C. a coupling reaction.
D. a reversible reaction.
E. antimetabolism.

5. Chemical reactions that only occur if there is an input of energy are

A. exergonic reactions.
B. endergonic reactions.
C. coupled reactions.
D. kinetic reactions.
E. input reactions.

6. If you were "designing" a cell metabolic reaction, it would be important to

A. only use endergonic reactions.
B. only use exergonic reactions.
C. be sure to use an exergonic reaction with more free energy than the endergonic reaction it is
coupled with uses.
D. be sure to use an endergonic reaction with more free energy than the exergonic reaction it is
coupled with uses.
E. ensure that all reactions are precisely balanced in energy use and production.

7. ATP is the energy currency in cells because it

A. is a large molecule.
B. carries a positive charge.
C. contains accessible energy in phosphate bonds.
D. is made from glucose.
E. is made from lipids.

8. Which is NOT a correct attribute of a metabolic pathway?

A. Reactants are input molecules.
B. Reactants act as substrates for specific enzymes.
C. The product of one reaction can become the reactant for the next.
D. If several metabolic pathways have a molecule in common, one pathway can lead to several
others.
E. A constant supply of enzymes must be produced to keep the metabolic pathway active.
9. If A B C D E represents a metabolic pathway, then letter E would be a
A. substrate.
B. product.
C. end product.
D. enzyme.
E. enzyme-substrate complex.

10. Most enzymes are

A. lipid molecules.
B. carbohydrate molecules.
C. protein molecules.
D. nucleic acid molecules.
E. ATP molecules.

11. Enzymes
A. provide the energy for metabolic reactions.
B. speed up metabolic reactions.
C. change the direction of metabolic reactions.
D. act as a buffer in metabolic reactions.
E. raise the energy of activation for a reaction.

12. While eating a portion of yogurt, you have to leave, so you store the yogurt in the refrigerator. A day
later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no longer smooth but has broken into several
liquefied products. You correctly guess that enzymes from your saliva, via the spoon, have
continued digesting the yogurt in your absence. What will happen over time?
A. The reaction has probably stopped because the amount of saliva is small and you would have
to add more saliva to continue the degradation.
B. The reaction will continue indefinitely since the enzyme is not consumed by the reaction.
C. The reaction will continue until half is digested and then stop because the reaction between
substrate and product will be balanced.
D. Absolutely no degradation of the yogurt would have occurred naturally unless in the presence
of this enzyme.
E. The reaction will continue until all of the substrate is used and the enzyme will still remain.

13. A forest contains vegetation that is in constant battle with the many insect caterpillars that eat the
vegetation. Which of the following strategies would not be a driving force in this evolutionary battle?
A. Plants are selected that evolve strong chemicals (plant alkaloids) that are toxic to the
caterpillar and for which the caterpillars lack digestive enzymes.
B. Caterpillars are selected that evolve new enzymes to digest or detoxify the plant alkaloids.
C. Plants are selected that evolve chemicals that slow down or inhibit the digestive enzymes in
the caterpillars so that ingested leaf material passes through before much nutrition can be
gained.
D. The caterpillars are selected that eat the least leaf material.
E. Caterpillars are selected that evolve enzymes to breakdown the chemicals that slow their
digestive enzymes.

14. During enzymatic action, the enzyme

A. becomes the product.
B. becomes the substrate.
C. is used up.
D. and the substrate form a permanent complex.
E. and the substrate form a temporary complex but the enzyme is not used up.

15. Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?

A. Their 3D shape can vary and still be active.
B. Boiling temperatures do not affect their activity.
C. They catalyze only one specific type of reaction.
D. They are unaffected by metabolic poisons.
E. They are unaffected by changes in pH.

16. Which of the following molecules is NOT an enzyme?

A. lipase
B. maltase
C. urease
 D. lactose
E. ribonuclease

17. Enzymes are specific. This means that they

A. have a preferred pH.
B. have a preferred temperature.
C. have a particular substrate.
D. are only in certain cells.
E. require ATP, hydrogen atoms, and nutrients in order to work properly.

18. Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes

A. increase the energy of activation.
B. decrease the productivity of the cell.
C. always require coenzymes.
D. have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.
E. are named for their substrate.

19. The specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is currently best explained by

A. saying their shapes fit together as a key fits a lock.
B. the induced-fit model.
C. the allosteric model.
D. the receptor model.
E. the synthase complex model.

20. The place where the substrate fits onto the enzyme is called the
A. active site.
B. inhibitor site.
C. receptor site.
D. enzyme-substrate complex.
E. enzyme-inhibitor complex.

21. Most enzymes

A. keep the speed of the chemical reaction constant.
B. inhibit the speed of the chemical reaction.
C. speed up the chemical reaction.
D. have no effect on the speed of the chemical reaction.
E. cause the speed of a reaction to increase, but then slow the reaction as it progresses.

22. One enzyme

A. allows one chemical reaction in a cell to occur.
B. raises the energy of activation of a reaction.
C. speeds up two or more reactions in a cell.
D. will bind to two or more substrates.
E. cannot be reused after the reaction.

23. Lactose is milk sugar and humans produce substantial lactase enzyme to digest it when we are
infants. However, we soon lose some or even all of our lactase after childhood. In such cases,
undigested lactose passes to the lower intestine where bacteria break it down into lactic acid and
CO2, causing painful gas bloating. This problem could be avoided by
A. avoiding all dairy products containing lactose.
B. taking lactase enzyme tablets when consuming lactose products.
C. taking any enzyme tablets when consuming dairy products.
D. consuming lactose in tablet form.
E. avoiding all dairy products containing lactose AND taking lactase enzyme tablets when
consuming lactose products.

24. Which of the following is not true regarding the action of enzymes?
A. Enzymes break down a large molecule into smaller molecules.
B. Enzymes build a larger molecule from smaller molecules.
C. A specific enzyme is required for each specific substrate.
D. Enzymatic action occurs when the active site of an enzyme complexes with the substrate.
E. Enzymes are not affected by pH of temperature.
25. Which is true about energy of activation?
 A.
Energy of activation is measured as the energy that is released after a reaction occurs.
B.
Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.
C.
In any one metabolic pathway, all steps will have the same energy of activation.
D.
Energy of activation is the difference between the energy of the reactant and the energy of the
product.
E. The energy of activation is always lower than the energy of the reactant.
26. When the active site undergoes a slight change in shape, this is called
A. the R-group.
B. energy of activation.
C. substrate concentration.
D. the induced-fit model.
E. denaturation.

27. If an enzymatic reaction was controlled by feedback inhibition, we would expect it to stop
A. only if the substrate was exhausted.
B. when the cofactors are exhausted.
C. when the product changed the pH.
D. as soon as a critical level of end product binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active
site.
E. never.

28. If you wished to increase enzyme activity, you would not do which of the following?
A. increase the temperature moderately
B. increase the concentration of the enzyme
C. increase the amount of substrate
D. change to optimum pH for the reaction
E. decrease the temperature

29. Which method does not regulate enzyme action?

A. changing pH
B. changing temperature
C. chemical activation of the enzyme, such as phosphorylation
D. a molecule of similar shape to the enzyme competes for the active site
E. a molecule of different shape than the substrate

30. _____________ inhibition occurs when the substrate is unable to bind to the active site of an
enzyme.
A. Competitive reversible
B. Competitive irreversible
C. Enzyme
D. Enzyme-substrate complex
E. Substrate

31. A coenzyme is
A. an ionic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it.
B. a protein cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it.
C. an ionic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.
D. a protein cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.
E. a nonprotein organic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.

32. Coenzymes
A. are merely large enzyme molecules that are made from two smaller enzymes.
B. may participate directly in a reaction.
C. are readily synthesized by any animal that needs them.
D. are the end products of enzymatic reactions.
E. are protein molecules needed by enzymes to function.

33. Small organic molecules that are required in trace amounts in our diet for synthesis of coenzymes
are
A. all enzymes.
B. vitamins.
C. high calorie molecules.
 D. feedback inhibitors.
E. unrelated to coenzymes.

34. The linkage between vitamin deficiency and the resultant symptoms is that
A. the lack of the vitamin molecule deprives cells of needed structural molecules.
B. the lack of the vitamin molecule causes feedback inhibition for the whole metabolic reaction.
C. vitamin molecules become part of coenzyme's molecular structure necessary to assist vital
reactions.
D. vitamins provide the chemical energy to drive the enzymatic reactions.
E. the vitamin provides the substrate for vital reactions.

35. Because the inside of a cell is more organized than the outside, the inside of the cell has increased
entropy. True False

36. The term "metabolism" refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. True False

37. Enzymes maintain their same shape when a substrate binds to the enzyme. True False

38. Doubling the amount of substrate will always double the rate of production. True False