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Environmental Impact of Industrial Effluent and Contributions of Managing Bodies in Context of Karachi
Environmental Impact of Industrial Effluent and Contributions of Managing Bodies in Context of Karachi
Major environmental issues occurring due to Policy makers, managing bodies and
the large number of the local industries of Pakistan industrialists should closely work with each other
due to the lack of proper management system. in making policies, its implementation and
Therefore, environmental poverty due to the monitoring the procedures and processes
uninhibited and wasteful use of natural income, afterwards in order to minimize the negative
extreme production of risky waste and the impacts of industrial activities [1].
uncontrolled discharge of solid wastes, sky
pollutants, and wastewater into the natural a. Scope Of Study
environment has become uncontrolled and
unattended in Pakistan. Tanneries, textile,
The scope of the study is limited to examine
petroleum, pesticides, fertilizer these are major
those environmental effects from claiming modern
polluting industries.( Waste Treatment and
industrial growth and essentially the task of
Disposal‖ by Paul T. Williams, John Wiley and
representative bodies dealing with figures in this
Sons) respect to assess those viability also usage of
environmental protection strategies on minimizing
Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan although
the environmental impacts of manufacturing
it is also the modern commercial and business
ventures.
center. At this moment through 8000 huge and
more little enlisted mechanical units are working in
Karachi. These manufacturing units are located in b. Objective
different areas of the city, the major industry
covering areas are Sindh Industrial Trading Estate The main idea of the paper is to analyze the
(SITE), Landhi, Korangi, Federal.B. industrial environmental impacts of industrial effluent on
Area and the Port Qasim industrial area water sources of Karachi and contribution of local
(PQA),etc(Amjad 2010)further 65 sorts from managing bodies in the management of industrial
processing plants in the distinguished estates would effluent.
operate in the city, for instant , such that fabric c. Sub Objectives
industries, tanneries , plastic and rubber industries,
steel foundries, metallurgical industries, To ascertain the environmental impacts of
electroplating and metal covering industries, glass, industrial effluent on hydrosphere,
tiles industries, bond industry, cleanser or biosphere and lithosphere.
detergents, energy plants, fertilizers, pesticides
To find out the basic monitoring system to
eatable oils, car cable, nourishment preparing units,
contribute in implementation of
also conductor manufacturing and so on. These
―Environmental Protection Policies‖ for
commercial enterprises does not built recycle
reducing the environmental impacts of
plants for the tremendous amounts of waste
industrial effluent.
material production[1].
To explore the possibilities of waste water
treatment as an industry.
Due to the haphazard land based industrial
activities and lack of monitoring the manufacturing To establish the suitable suggestions to
process and procedures to operate, the vicinity reducing the environmental impacts of
(land and water sources) are under extreme industrial effluent in context of Karachi.
degradation. The industrial discharge and waste
water flows through Malir and Lyari River causing d. Research Methodology
the serious environmental impacts towards the
coastal belt of Karachi resulted in sedimentation of On meet those targets of the consider
heavy metals ruining the aquatic life and disturbing information might have been gathered from
the biodiversity. primary also secondary sources. Primary
information was gathered through personal
Industrialization definitely needs a paramount perceptions and unstructured interviews of
component for the advancement of a country‘s different respondents including chief engineers
economy. However it is necessary to realize the and managing directors of managing and
collection of manufacturing waste in order to have representatives of different associations such
clearness for ways to lessen or eradicate the as;
pollutants from this industrial waste. It may be a. F.B.A.T.I Federal. B. Area Association Of
obliged on see those effects for industrial waste of Trade &Industry, Karachi;
the nature's domain (freshwater, seawater, land) in b. S.I.T.E. Superhighway Association of
place to outline profoundly effective medicine Industries, Karachi;
Furthermore Creating successful medicinal routines c. Korangi Association of Trade and
[1]. Industry (KATI);
Industrial waste include both organic risk for other ailments related to respiration and
(Pesticides, solvent and cleaning fluids etc.) and in- cancer [5].
organic waste (heavy metals, phenols etc.) that may
deprive the water sources in oxygen, alter the water Environmental Policies and regulations
temperature to higher side and heavy metal directly address the generated environmental issues
deposition in water sources such as cd, Mg, Pb, Zn, at their source point as compared to industrial
Hg etc. can deteriorate the aquatic and marine life, policies. Pakistan had its first law in 1983 as
and through food web and in direct contact can lead Environmental Protection Ordinance, that didn‘t
to the serious health issues in human such as have a clear outline to operate till 1997 when a new
cancer, genetic defects and can affect the act was approved by the parliament known as
reproductive system. The toxics and heavy metals Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997).
also disturb flora and fauna on land and under This law covers land use, noise, water and air
water. When slush form effluent came in contact quality also dangerous substances, solid waste and
with the land or with agricultural land the heavy effluents, aquatic & fisheries, woodland
metals are absorbed by the roots of the plants that conservation, mineral development, energy, state
may lead to the demise of that species or disturb funded health, and so forth. This law didn‘t act to
the food web. UN treated discharged effluent also be efficient due to mild penalties for violation and
gives off foul smell due to the presence of BOD, easy to evade [5][6].
disturbing the biosphere [3].
As per PEPA (Pakistan Environmental
Karachi is one of the largest industrial hub Act, 1997); any project initiated must prepare
of the country. There are more than 8000 industries Initial Environmental Examinations (IEEs) and
running in 9 industrial estates that are enveloping Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) before
the city; each industrial estate managed separately the proposal approves. On the other hand EIAs
by their own organizing body (private body have been carried out in a chaotic manner where
bridging the gap between industrialists and the developer decides the scope of EIA or if it‘s
government). These 8000 (app) industries are sub- needed for the project [7][8].
divided into 65 categories of industrial plants that
embrace, textile, leather tanneries , Government Agencies should directly associate
pharmaceuticals, plastic, glass, paper soap with those commercial enterprises and influenced
detergents production, fertilizer and pesticides, neighborhood government units must work more
glass, chemical industries, material manufacturing nearly with each other and with the local
industries etc [1]. Karachi generates approximately establishment to deal with this rising problem. To
362million gallons per day sewage of which 60% is lessen the impacts of industrial effluent on the
constituted of industrial waste and 40% is domestic environment, action is immediately required in
waste that is released directly into Malir and Lyari many particular zones. In place on taking benefits
River without passing through any treatment plant the effectiveness of those on the other hand, they
which is further disposed-off into coastal belt of must be facilitated within national environmental
Karachi, Gizri, Korangi and Gharo creek. [1]. The protection vision also arrangement for those
presence of heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Mg, Pb, accomplishment about cleaner manufacture [9].
Hg is 36% higher than the normal values when
samples of water were tested from Malir river The key points of a comprehensive national
along korangi industrial area[4]. The un-treated program should include:
industrial effluent when discharged in coastal belt
of Karachi through Malir and Lyari River resulted 1. Enhance the condition of environmental
in the contamination of superficial sediment during hazards for all sectors of civilization and
a study in 2010; four elements cd, Zn, Pb, Hg were Also work out the ecological and physical
found in the water sample taken from Karachi fish condition of industrial development.
harbor and estuary along Karachi urban coast along 2. A scheme of principles which is more
with the rise in temperature of water[5].The susceptible to real ambient conditions and
effluent and waste water possessing heavy metal different cost structures;
contamination has endangered marine life in 3. Improve the labor and monitoring
Karachi resulted in severe financial failure for equipment capabilities.
coastal fishermen. At the same time use of 4. Provide regular comprehensive
domestic waste and industrial effluent and the programme of economical, environmental
presence of unplanned settlement in proximity of instruments.
Malir and Lyari river all add up to severe health 5. Assimilation of environmental concerns in
perils. Also the biosphere is polluted due to financial and spatial planning.
gaseous emission form industries have increased
6. Emphases on local building enforcement however as S.I.T.E office it did not take any
capacities which full fill the needs of responsibility for industrial waste treatment and put
citizen Involvement. the industries solely responsible for self-monitoring
7. According a coherent and maintaining the environmental standards.
programmeimproving the existing Although it‘s the largest industrial zone in Karachi.
ecological infrastructure and creating the
next ones in suitable locations with
enhanced integrated ecological Korangi Effluent Treatment Plant:
infrastructure.
8. Advertising of business tasks. However a combined treatment Plant has
9. Organize the centers of environmental been installed with a cost of Rs.492 million that is
management. responsible for treating effluent discharged by 150
tanneries. Installation of plant is a combined effort
a. Conclusion of Trade Development Authority of Pakistan
(TDAP), Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of Pakistan,
Industrial effluents do not only contaminate PTA (Pakistan Tanneries Association, Southern
the hydrosphere due to the presence of organic and Zone), Govt. of Netherlands, Govt. of Sindh and
inorganic wastes but they also put immense effect City District Government, Karachi.
when I come in contact with soil and afterwards
Capacity: This treatment plant has a capacity to
vegetation but also the biosphere. Causing damage
to the bio diversity. In case of Karachi we have 26k cm/ day of household wastewater, 42,k cm /
non-point source generated waste (effluent). day of desecrate water and 16500 cm/ day tannery
waste water .
Industrial effluents and domestic waste water both
are flowing together from sewers drain to Malir Technology: Its first of its kind installed in
and Lyari River and then further disposed-off to Pakistan with environmental management system
sea water. It is having an adverse effect on the based on Dutch technology named as Up-Flow
environment as heavy metals contamination such Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology
as Cr. Zn, Hg etc. has sediment in sea water having the near to the ground procedure and
causing damage to the marine life (that includes repairing cost.
aquatic plants, mangroves, fishes and other habitat.
This water is also being used for irrigation purpose Covered Area: This treatment plant is spread over
in Korangi Area which later comes in contact with 15 acres of land. ―According to Sewerage Board
humans while consuming those products that is PumpingStation-II (PS-II) over 12 kms bring
creating health issues such as renal problems, household water waste to the main CETP in
reproductive problems, cancer etc. Although addition to bring the tannery sewage from Karachi
environmental Acts and Policies are available in Wastewater. Through 3.2 kms pressure pipeline
Pakistan but without any monitoring systems and and installation of pumps and other facilities within
procedures that may counter check the situation. the premises of PS-II. The domestic sewage plays a
major role for treatment of waste matter‖
III. DATA COLLECTION
This treatment plant is installed to meet the
national Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
a. Major Industrial Zones In Karachi so that the trade can be boost up as Leather is 2 nd
largest export commodity of Pakistan and it‘s the
Karachi is the biggest port in the nation . requirement of international buyers to meet the
Furthermore the real trade and manufacturing focal environmental standards. It is also benefiting the
point of the country. It is dividing into nine major tanneries as well the aquatic environment. But out
industrial zone such as Bin Qasim Zone, Federal B of 4500 industries; 150 industries is a smaller
Area, Export Processing Zone Korangi, Creek chunk still a lot of initiatives needs to be taken.
Industrial Park, Pakistan textile city, S.I.T.E,
Korangi, North Karachi, and West Wharf industrial a. Case : Site Industrial Area, Karachi
Area.(as shown in the map) The site Industrial area is amongst the largest
industrial areas of Pakistan, accommodating around
2,500 industrial units situated on west of the Lyari
Case: korangi industrial area: River and close to the coastal belt. The impacts of
production activities directly fall on the marine life
As per K.A.T.I; the representative body and degradation of the ecosystem is resulted.
4500 industries are fully operative and functional in According to the UNIDO report 70 percent of
Korangi industrial Area. The responsibility of industrial effluent reaches to sea environment
K.A.T.I is to enhance trade and industrial activities without any proper handling system.
Treatment plant No
FEDERAL.B
INDUSTRIAL
AREA BLOCK
21&22
Managing and representative associations Korangi Association of Trade and Industry (KATI)
Managing and representative association Landhi Association Of Trade & Industry (LATI)
Treatment plant No
Figure.6: Landhi
Town (CDGK)
I. POLICIES
&
RECOMMENDATION
1 Documentation of existing industrial units along GIS based Land use plan should be prepared for
with registration for new industrial units documenting the existing industrial sectors and
mark the feasible sites for new industries and their
category. The potential of industrial zones in
emitting water based pollution.
7 Lack of trained human resource Each industry should have their internal
environmentalists that could bridge the gap in
between the regulatory bodies and industries