Activity 1/Pinsingumbalan Koiso

Write these sentences in KD using nominal sentences.

1. Tawau is my parents’ hometown.

Tawau nopo nga tadon do molohingku.

2. The book I like is black.

Buuk do kasananganku i toitom.

3. Horses are my favourite animal.

Kuda o tayam do kasananganku.

4. Hannah is my sister.
I Hannah o tobpinai tonduku.

5. Rubiah is from Kedah.

Mantad id Kedah i Rubiah.
Activity 2/Pinsingumbalan Koduwo
Choose some of the words from the three columns to form nominal sentences. You may add
other words:

Let students experiment with the words.

Predicate 1 Linker Predicate 2
Walai di Tan i tagayo
Tadon nopo nga oomis
Tindalam o momolukis
Kasanangan dau nopo….nga id Kuching
Magansak kasasanangan di Mullai
Tama di Winnie tulun

1. Walai di Tan I tagayo.

(Rumah Si Tan yang besar)
2. Tadon ku nopo nga id Kuching.
(Saya dari Kuching)
3. Tindalam nopo nga oomis.
(Kuih adalah manis)
4. Kasasanangan nopo dau nga momolukis.
5. (Kesukaannya ialah melukis)
6. Magansak o kasasanangan si Mullai. (Memasak adalah kesukaan Si Mullai)
7. Tama di Winnie nopo nga id Kuching. (Bapa Si Winnie ialah di Kuching)
Boros Ponowoli Ngaran/Pronouns

The KD Pronoun Chart

Topic Focus Topic – Non- Posessive

(Noun in (like possesive Focus (showing
the ‘subject’) (like possession)
beginning ‘object’)
of
sentence)
I iyoku/ oku doho/dogo ku ku
iyoho
you ika ko dika nu nu
(singular)
you ikoyu ikoyu dokoyu/dik diu (dokoyu/
(plural) oyu dikoyu)
he isio isio disio disio/dau
she iyau iyau diyau dau
we iyato kito dato to to
(you and
I)
we itokou dotokou/daton/ tokou tokou
(more dati
than two
ppl and I)
kita
semua
we iyahai iyahai dahai/ dahai/
(some dagai dagai/ya
other ppl
and I)
kami
they iyolo iyolo diolo diolo

A) Topic pronoun
The form that is used when the pronoun is the “topic” of a sentence. The pronoun is
always followed by a linker or focus marker e.g “nopo nga”, “o” or “i”.

Examples:

1) Iyoku nopo nga tulun Malaysia. (We are people of Malaysia)

2) Isio o tama ku. (He is my father)
3) Iyolo o minanahak dagai do tusin. (He is the one that gives us money)
B) Focus Pronoun
The form that is used to refer to the focus in a sentence.

Examples:
1) Mangakan oku do punti. (I am eating a banana)
2) Bobogon ku isio. (I am hitting him)
3) Bolian ku iyolo do buuk. (I am buying them some books)

C) Non-Focus Pronoun
The form that is used to refer to the non-focus person in the sentence.

Examples:
1. Akanon ku i tindalam nu. (I am eating your cake) [UV]
2. Tombiran dau i Yana do rasuk. (She is sewing Yana a blouse) [GV]
3. Momobog isio doho. (He is hitting me) [UV]

D) Topic-possesive Pronoun
The pronoun is the topic (in the beginning) of a sentence and used as a possessive (to
show ownership/belonging).

Examples:
1. Dau diti rasuk. (This is a blouse of hers)
2. Doho di tindalam di takanon nu. (It’s the cake of mine your are eating)
3. Dahai dilo lamin. (That’s a house of ours)

E) Possesive pronoun
The form that is used to refer to a specific person/people or thing/things belonging to a
person/people (and sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or thing/things).

Examples:
1. Walai nu i taragang. (Your house is the red one)
2. Iti nopo nga tanak dau (This is her child)
3. Aragang o rasuk diolo (Their shirts are red)

Activity 1/Pinsingumbalan koiso

a) Rewrite the sentences with a pronoun in place of nouns (in bold).
Surato o ayat momoguno do boros ponowoli ngaran do pamaganti do boros ngaran.

1. Mantad i Winston id Sarawak. isio

2. I Rahimah nopo nga pinsan ku. iyau
3. Mangakan do sokirim iyo Lim di Philip. iyolo
4. Iti nopo nga buuk di Brenda. dau
5. Mongoi oku om i Freddy id 1 Borneo do suab. iyahai
6. Iti nopo nga walai diyo Jane, Jacob om Joy. diolo
7. Korita di tambalut ku ilo. Disio/dau
8. Akanon di Suhana i sokirim. dau
9. Aragang o rasuk di Raaj. disio
10. Iyoku om ika o lohouon di Gundohing Raymond. iyato
Activity 2/Pinsingumbalan Koduwo
a) Match the word or group of words on the left with the corresponding pronoun on the
right by writing the letter in the parantheses ().

Pisudongo o boros id gibang om boros ponowoli ngaran di kosudong id wanan.

1. I Joseph (d) a. iyau

2. Iyo Pat di Lim (e) b. iyahai

3. Iyoku om i Zulaikha (b) c. iyato

4. I Donna (a) d. Isio

5. Iyoku om ika (c) e. Iyolo

b) Choose the correct answer from the choices given.

Pilio’ o iso sisimbar di otopot mantad do pomilian di pinatahak.

1. Miambalut kopio iyo Jon di Ali. Tikid tadau, mitanud-tanud _______ do mongoi sikul.

a) iyau b) iyolo

2. Ontok tadau minggu di nakatalib, minongoi _____ id lamin di taki ku.

a) oku b) ika

3. Isai o modsisinding do kasanangan ___?

a) dia’ b) nu

4. I Ahmad nopo nga songulun o dokutur. Mongusap _____ do susumakit.

a) ika b) isio

5. Ngaran ku nopo nga i Emmy. ______ nopo nga mantad id Inanam.

a) Iyoku b) Oku

6. “Kiwaa o apat o tulun do tobpinai ______”, ka di Erna do minopoilo di Emmy.

a) dau b) ku

7. Kanou mintutun di Firdaus. Kasasanangan nopo _____ nga mimbuul.

a) diolo b) disio
8. “Ansakon ______ iti kinotuan”, ka di tina kumaa di tangaanak dau.

a) dau b) dikoyu

9. _________ nopo nga tulun ngaawi do Malaysia. Mositi no do miiso om misompuru’ tokou
kasasari.

a) Iyahai b) Itokou

10. Asanangan iyo Mary, Jane om Nancy do mananom do bunga. Noponu do bunga di
tinanom ________ o posorili’ do lamin.

a) diolo b) dikoyu

Activity 3/Pinsingumbalan kotolu

Write these sentences into KD using the correct pronouns and say them out loud.

1. My father is a doctor. He works in Likas Hospital.

Tama ku nopo nga songolun o dokutur. Pakaraja isio id Lamin Pongusapan Likas

2. My mother is Mary. She is 45 years old.

Tina ku nopo nga i Mary. Iyau nopo nga kiumur do apat nohopod om limo toun.

3. I have three siblings. We are all thin.

Haro tolu tulun do tobpinai ku. Agahui ngawi iyahai.

4. My brothers are 15 and 17 years old their school is SMK Lok Yuk, Kota Kinabalu.
Tobpinai kusai ku nopo nga kiumur do hopod om limo om hopod om turu o toun. Sikulan
nopo diolo nga SMK Lok Yuk, Kota Kinabalu.

5. You and I are friends. We both like reading.

Miambalut ko om iyoku. Asanangan kito ngoduwo do mambasa.