THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN NURSING
MIDTERM TOPIC
PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF
TRANSPERSONAL CARING
by Jean Watson (1979-1985)
“Caring in nursing conveys physical acts but
embraces the mind-body-spirit as it reclines the
embodies spirit as its focus of attention.”
*It will connect to our mind and emotions as it will
uplift our spirit.
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
Name: Margaret Jean Watson
Born and grew up in Welch, (Southern) West Virginia
1940s and 1950s
• Educated:
o BSN, University of Colorado, 1964
o MS, University of Colorado, 1966
o PhD. University of Colorado, 1973
• Distinguished Professor of Nursing
• Chair in Caring Sciences at the University of
Colorado Health Sciences Center
• Founder of Center for Human Caring in
Colorado
• Fellow of American Academy of Nursing
• Was a Dean of Nursing at the University
Health Sciences Center
• Past President of the National League for
Nursing.
• Undergraduate and graduate degrees:
o In Nursing
o In Psychiatric-mental health nursing
o PhD in Educational Psychology and
Counseling
• Awards and honors
o International Kellog Fellowship in
Australia,
o Fulbright Research Award in Sweden
o Six (6) Honorary Doctoral Degrees
▪ 3 International Honorary
Doctorates (Sweden, United
Kingdom, Quebec, Canada)
• “Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of
Caring” – 1979
• “Nursing: Human Science and Human Care”
– 1988
To develop humanistic philosophies and value
systems, a strong liberal arts background is
necessary.
METAPARADIGM IN NURSING
• Person
o A human being is a valued person in
and of himself to be cared for,
respected, nurtured, understood, and
assisted.
*When we value a person is more
than money can afford. We cannot
equate the value of a person to
anything, it is priceless. Hence every
person deserves to be cared for,
respected, nurtured, understood, and
assisted. Even they give tantrums
because of the disease condition they
have (they can’t accept the condition
they have mao na ang outburst is
padulong sa atoa).
▪
o She viewed a person as “a unity of
mind/body/spirit/nature.”
▪ *consider a person
wholistically.
• Environment
o She speaks to the nurse’s role in he
environment as “attending to
supportive, protective, and/or
corrective mental, physical, societal
and spiritual environment.”
Supportive and Protective - *Mothers
(just like us nurses) are being
protective, mother always knows
best.
Physical - *we can do physical acts to
our patients but we have limits.
Societal and spiritual - *we want to
take care of the patient to help them
go back to the life they had to
continue working as part of the
contributing individual in our society.
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THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN NURSING
MIDTERM TOPIC
o “Caring has existed in every society.
Every attitude is not transmitted from
generation to generation by genes. It
is transmitted by the culture of the
profession as a unique way of coping
with its environment.”
* We should be soft-spoken to the
patient.
• Health
o Refers to unity and harmony within
the mind, body, and soul.
o It is also associated with the degree
of congruence between self as
perceived and as experienced.
▪ Self as perceived – as he or she is now but as what he or she
somebody in the future (how
we view ourselves)
▪ Self as experienced – actual
action and first-hand
experience we apply.
*Will be congruence as they are
equated to have a better result for
the patient. There is a
discrepancy, our perception will
be experienced and will be able to
achieve our goals.
o Watson include 3 elements:
▪ A high level of overall
physical, mental, and social
functioning.
▪ A general adaptive-
maintenance level of daily
functioning; and
▪ The absence of illness.
• Nursing
o Is having to be more educationally in
two areas of stress and
developmental conflicts (to be able to
let a person understand in better way
as such they still have linghod nga
panghuna huna) to provide holistic
health care, which she believes is
central to the practice of caring in
Nursing.
* We have to be adjustable nurses,
be flexible
o She said, nursing consists of
“knowledge, thought, values,
philosophy, commitment, and action
with some degree of passion.”
*patients could show the negative
attitude due to their illness
Basic Assumptions are Following:
• Caring can be effectively demonstrated and
practiced only interpersonally;
• Effective caring promotes health and
individua; or family growth;
• Caring responses accept the person not only
may become;
• A caring environment is one that offers the
development of potential while allowing the
person to choose the best action for himself
or herself at a given point in time.
• Caring is more “healthogenic” than is curing.
▪ Ayha pa diay ka managing
kung nahitabo na?
o The practice of caring integrates
biophysical knowledge with
knowledge of human behavior to
generate or promote health and to
provide care to those who are ill.
o A science of caring is therefore
complementary to the science of
curing.
• The practice of caring is central to nursing.
Carative Factors Caritas Process
(Caring) (what the
nurses should do)
1. The formation of a Practice of loving
humanistic- kindness and
altruistic system of equanimity within the
values. context of caring
• Altruism - Perform consciousness.
a practice to
patients without
anything in return.
• Wala sa societal
status ang pagcare
sa tao.
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THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN NURSING
MIDTERM TOPIC

2. The installation of Being authentically You can assure the

faith and hope. present: enabling, patient that you can
• Listen to what sustaining, and be on their side.
patients on what honoring the faith, *Just listen to them
they say or as they hope and deep belief 5. The promotion and Being present to,
vent out. Be with system and the acceptance of the supportive of, the
them on the inner-subjective expression of expression of
terminal stage. positive and positive and
Stay with them and negative feelings. negative feelings.
care for them. *You don’t need to
3. The cultivation of Cultivation of one’s react on everything
sensitivity to own spiritual that the patient
oneself and others. practices and shares.
transpersonal self, *Be careful on your
going beyond ego- comments/feedback
self. .
*Sensitivity – you 6. The systematic Creative use of self
have to pay use of the scientific and all ways of
particular attention problem-solving knowing as part of
on what your patient method for the caring process;
is going through decision-making. engage in the artistry
(his/her facial of Caritas nursing.
expression, *Create of use of
mannerisms self, there is no
(restlessness)) so formula on how we
that we can manifest are going to treat the
and profess our patient. It is basically
caring practice. (the your own originality
connection between on how you care.
the mind and body) Even though it’s on
4. Developing of Development and your opposite
helping-trust sustaining a helping- beliefs.
relationship. trust caring Example: your
relationship. friends want you to
*we should be able break up with your
to connect with our boyfriend (it means
patient in order to that they care your
render the proper you. They use
care. Whatever our empirical data.
patient is thinking, it
could affect our 7. The promotion of Engage in a genuine
body. transpersonal teaching-learning
*When we can teaching-learning. experience that
establish trust to our attends to the unity
patient then our of being and
patient can verbally subjective meaning-
share their feelings. attempting to stay

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THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN NURSING
MIDTERM TOPIC

within the others’ them understand the

frame and reference. situation. Better na
*you cannot force madunggan pa sa
how you want your patient and
patient to become makastorya pa ang
after your care to patient in accepting
your patient. that death may be
*Transpersonal – soon.
that there is still hope
if you have faith in
you TEN CARATIVE FACTORS:
8. Provision for a Creating a healing 1. Formation of a humanistic-altruistic system
supportive, environment at all of values.
protective, and levels (physical as 2. Instillation of haith-hope
corrective mental, well as nonphysical) 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to
physical, societal, whereby wholeness, others.
and spiritualbeauty, comfort 4. Development of helping-trusting, human
environment. dignity, and peace caring relationship.
• We can add light to are potentiated. 5. The promotion and acceptance of the
our conversation expression of positive and negative feelings.
with our patients. 6. The systematic use of the scientific problem-
• Bring out a topic solving method for decision-making.
that can enliven 7. The promotion of transpersonal teaching-
and lighten the learning.
situation and 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and
mood. corrective mental, physical, societal, and
9. Assistance with the Administering spiritual environment.
gratification of sacred nursing acts 9. Assistance with the gratification of human
human needs. of caring-healing by needs.
tending to basic 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-
human needs. spiritual forces.
*It can divert the
situation to perform
the needs.
example: ipa bisita
ang apo para
mawala ang kahina
sa patient
10. Allowance for Opening and
existential- attending to
phenomenological spiritual/mysterious
-spiritual forces. and existential
unknown of life-
death.
*letting a priest or
pastor to visit the
patient, and help

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