Punnett Squares - Monohybrid, Di-hybrid and Sex-Linked Crosses Integrated Science 2 Name: Period: Background Original parents in any given set of crosses are called the parenl generation or parents (PI), while the tho subsequent generations are denoted with the symbols F1 and F2 (a cross of two FI individuals). Punnett ‘Squares are one method for visually demonstrating the probability of offspring genotypes and offsprin| pha ly ig the pr ty of offspring genotype PING Example 1: (Monohybrid Cross) For humans, brown eyes are dominant (B) over blue eyes (). A helerozygous brown-eyed man marries @ heterozygous brown-eyed female. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? ~ NEL ONS Key: (RP) u B pgtt b © “TThe separation of te parental genotype from Bb and Bb on leles: ye WW either side ofthe Punnett square represents meiosis. Each Bobrowneyes tne preriapcpietoiton i eho = bine eyes fgg sperm heen re doble etter represent aap D BL] BB Bb Gindiion id Parents: sy : a = Male=Bb (0 - Rules Female « Bl 1. Male alee on top of punnett square female elles on the ae Bb bb uy p ofp square - fer Z Dominant allele (uppercase) writen before recessive allele imer ene Record the probabilities for genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring (F. generation) as percents and ratios. Use the following format to write genotypic ratios: homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive. Use the following format to write phenotypic ratios: dominant phenotype: recessive phenotype. [Genotypic Percents] jotypie Percent "iy 25% BB ee eyes 4/3, 50% Bb 25% blue eyes 325% bb Monohybrid Practice Problems © T. Cystic fibrosis sa recessive genetic disorder. Ron is homozygous dominant (FF) and Nancy 1s a carter (FIV oF ‘ystic fibrosis. Use a Punnett square to predict the probability that one of their children will have cystic ihren? Show all wore snd box your final sewer re Rat PERO eae at cents Ratio events Ratios nar} ‘ eict| of east? ol FE (007. Nevwal 2 ee Raven's: woLFF Ofe yore Fives 3 2. Patty is homozygous dominant for mile ‘hile Charlie is homozygous for no freckles (ss). Draw a Punnett square predicting the probability if their children will have freckles. Chavie Tenotypie | Phenotypic Percents /Ratios Percents/ Ratios | (oo. freckle 64, ra fee clesand blue eyes are sive allele. Phenotypic Percents/ Ratios [O0T. PIOWN OY @ OL we 27¢5 3. Eddie has brown eyes, while Cybil has blue. If brown eyes are known to be dominant, recessive, use a Punnett square to predict their offspring. Assume Eddie doesn't carry @ reves Genotypic Percents/ Ratios (oo7. Pb 4, Larry and Lola have achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. Both are heterozygotes. Their son. Big Bob, is 7°1" ‘Use a Punnett square to show how Big Bob got his genotype. cmanpie Phenotypic qQ Percents / Ratios Percents/ Ratios \ —y eA 67. KP FST. Dwr iim A [Aa | je pumtim a pa 997. Normat \A (pera recite Baa Siz a \ka (ao \ avn * AA aa la =h* 5, Woody Guthrie, who wrote This Land is Your Land, was heterozygous for Huntington's disease (Hh). His wife ‘was homozygous recessive and perfectly normal (hh). Huntington's disease is caused by a latent dominant gene, meaning that itis not phenotypically (Physically) expressed until later in life. Dominant disease genes Ere expressed in homozygous dominant and heterozygous people (HH or Hh). Draw a Punnett square for ‘Woody ad his wife notype Phenotypic Ratios Percents Ratios i 627. Tennrg has tng has oq, oy Hew! 2 Monohybrid and Sex-Linked WorksheetExample 2: (Sex-Linked Cross) ‘The normal female XY, Cortana einale condition isa result of the chromosomal pairing XX, while The normal male condiion recessive renee ag erated on the X chromosome, not associated with female sex characteristics, cause sex-linked @ vscocinted i dS2 result females must eceive two recessive alleles to exhibit any particular characteristic thet the chit one of these genes, while males need only receive one allele. The reason for the male anomaly is feasts ¥ chromosome does not carry versions ofthe same genes asthe X chromosome. Consequently, only can be true heterozygotes (one dominant allele and one recessive allele). wwf posloqovs Pals > Hemophilia is a rare heredity human disease of the blood. The blood of individuals with this condition does Rot clot properly. Without the capacity for blood clotting, even a small cut can be lethal. A Hemophiliac male marie a Temale who i carer, but who does rot have the disorder. What ae the probablties of these parents 'ving birth to sons being hemophiliacs, and to daughters being hemophiliacs? Use (H) for the normal “non- Remophitiac” allele and th) for the hemophilia allele a Recall Half of ll sperm (haploid) carry the X ‘chromosome and half carry the Y chromosome, while 100% ofall eggs (haploid) carry only the X chromosome. Key: Non-hemophiliac h= hemophiliac Male= x Me x cara prance mE Poem ce ee Rates XY - %-50% Hemophiliac - % - 50% Sine CSR] Renmopnic female xa 50m | Hemophlinc 50% EE - 50% Non-Hemophiliac - % - @ 6 oe be Sex-Linked Practice Problems 2) 1. In frumans coforblindness (b) is an example of a sox linked recessive Wail Tn This problem, a male with colorblindness marries a female who is not colorblind but caries the (b) allele. Using a Punnett square, determine the genotypic and phenotypic probabilities for their potential offspring ey), [canopies J venatypie Bi Nama ercents/ Ratios Percents/ Ratios Ds coo bu male | yey - ie Ger pera “Fa ye KY = {P- por nod Yo pale: XY Y ror Yo Cove + EXE female | BYP Ja. cae BANE He £ wees nomad Ya 2. In fruit flies red eye color (R) is dominant to white eyes (r). In a cross between two flies, 50% of the male and 50% of the female offspring had red eyes. The other half of the males and females had white eyes. What are the phenotypes, and genotypes, of the parents? ae xd neenelioow | __ ruc Ra Rive oes ar yey] Eg ye ae 5 waar] €yeS 42) xT 4 | a xed 7 mes es vielen | XY 2 te cl a PS | ematey KPA e Ye fea, SE yr xts ie Jwte Get 3 Monohybrid and Sex-Linked Worksheet - _______& Example 3: (Di-hybrid Cross) ~ Dichybrid crosses use Punnett squares to distribute parental alleles rom Hoo genes into gametes (eggs and sperm or pollen and ovum) as would be predicted by meiosis, > In garden peas, flowers (a). What heterozygous axil tallness (1) is dominant to shortness (t) and axillary lowers (A) are dominant to terminal are the expected ratios for the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring if a heterozygous tall, 9 lary plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall, terminal plant? Ke) T= Tal = short A axillary flowers a= terminal flowers Male-TtAa Female -Ttaa TA Ta tA ta Guidelines for Di-hybrid Punnen Squares 1. Dichybrid eroses use the FOIL Ta | rae TTaa TtAa Teaa atl rom the binomial ditebtve oper of multiplication Pree gamete ditibution for AaBb: Ta ABAD a ab TTAa TTaa ine oy 2. Dominant alleles (upper case) are written before recessive allele Gower case)- except for distributing a TtAa Traa ttAa ttaa, alleles in di-hybrid crosses. 2. ales ofthe same gene away stay together Gmportant in dt hybrid iD TiAa Tra ttAa ttaa problems) enoty] renotypie Percents /| Percents/Ratios B: black haw gu: ppt Taos 2/16 be a air yale: DOT ihe $hort terminal 3/16 T: tw! 2/16 PALE 1 * \Dichybrid Practice Problems T, Tn horses the coat color black is dominant (OV over chesnut (B) The Wottng gaits dominant (T) over he pang Ga GIT 3 homo ous bles pac mated toa homoryous ches hlarygous lr ht wi be thera or etapa phenotype of the Fgeneration? BE Be pt BE BBtt x LEIt Genotype Phenaiypic L Percents Ratios Percents Ratios fie 507 Bolt | Sle Black. Wetter Phe Cop Bott He pPlaclk peer o 4 Monohybrid and Sex-Linked WorksheetBbSs 2. Inrabbity, the coat color back dominant (8) over heteronygocs bac heterorygous shor hated male i) a B LS 2? Bs Bs \aBSs BB bs | Bs Bs Be [PBSs 3. Imagine that a couple is planning to have children. The males heterozygous for Hunts “The female is homozygous ‘dominant for Tay-Sachs. the possibility and probabil ‘couple is curious about t humans, Huntington's di ‘over Tay-Sachs (. Complete a Punnett square fort O_ “tering aerate RT oT ’be the ratios for genotype and phenatype ofthe F generation? fisease is dominant (H) over the “normal” condition (h), and the “normal” wt x BBs vey brown (b). Short hair is dominant (S) over long (3), In a cross between a and a homozygous black homozygous long-haired female, what would wenotypic Cenatypic Percents/ Rati ae ie ess ‘hy PSs Hy BbSs the us wet ington’ disease and homoaygous «heterozygous for Tay-Sachs. The or Fluntington’s. For condition s dominant (7) {rose an record the probabilities for genotypes and phenotypes ofthe s recessive for Huntington's disease an ity oftheir offspring inheriting Tay-Sachs and/ Genotypic Phenotypic a rae. Ratios. Percents/ Ratios fertile ; Jaw WKTT 4lie Heatingions h Wht afc iwal hormeal SAL Hh Yo Monohybrid and Sex-Linked Worksheet