AYc exsts

regaNd

htn wt savyhat
Non-Exac D ODE dsLas non-CxatE
ODE Think oH
Recall
A fYt Orde oDE MG)dri NT,9)elys0O_
ii called an elac oDDE f F dPYeatnti-
able fundion uy) Such hat
du=M ,9) d tNa)d

utht frum QD and ca)

du 0
On inteqaiim
mplic so of c)
Let MaN) and N)_be he coniinuouo
tuntians dn and
Tht ntcESsaxy and suftioient (anditim
f dht dlehenhal equahion
,9) d +NG)d1 =
Ho be exact es M ON

M0) dxtN(2) dy=0 OM -ON

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chcckcC
fxample exact aYNot
-ydz +7dy =o CID

Hac M = - y Cund N=

- M =-1_ N Na=
OM

Thuoh e have

M 2N

OM _ON 6-

huA the qVen OD E Ca.Lhonexat

But cE yau mulHip.ly C) by

HO TO
Salyc i t L then e
ThinkoNt

yd dy

Reduse
foexac
E01
acntcqahng\
W h ts

O p
Oh intepatic (
Checkt

Naic dhad sintesnatinq tactoa

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Definition Initqyation Fact (I F)

a-fundicm F(9) and ohcn
emulHiplythis fun.cdim do non-Cxa
apEcHtobvest to an exach Op E

Such a fundton FO) s falled on

inteqyaticmfactu
Alwalys extt
ETAHSdhe.
Unqk
nq

Hoofo find hink ON

Non ExaCE|
EXactxIF ODE
ODE

M ON.
htorem|-If O 02 N

CS afuntdion of xalone say x

theniotrqraiing tucty fu aU pon CXact
O.DE
MO) d14 NG) d=0 s
dx)d

Nute that d)= (My-H)

 Page No.
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Pxaof
et Fo) br Som
facta of a non-exact nteatin
ODE
MO)dy+ N)dy =o
By d of inteqxaing faderdhis
oDE BCCOmC n kact ODE
eF1) MG) dr 4 F)NG N)dy =0
oDE
ehavc
2 F MGD= _Fa) NG 9)|

F) M4MOM4 F=Fa)2NNod
d
by odud ule

F)OM= (X) ?N NG)dF

d
EO=0
dy becant
F ory tu of
P NaY)E Fa)/2M-DN
da
2Nda
dE
FC) N )
Awhen thl5
ODESolvable
 Page No
Dats.
dE N-N d
N
v e n M-Nx
N
s mly fu of
S

Inteqyatina both sidea

An F) =4) d tC
F (X) e asSaming C

IF=F(1) = e

Iheocm 2
T C a functiun of
M
y_alont Suy¢ydhen intcepatin
fat hon-excuct oDE
XY) dx t NCXY)ly 0 s
J4L9Ddly-
plate dhak 4(g)=LM (N- M
 Pege No.
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Conclusion o Th" () an d (2)
When u saluc inon- EXact oDE a
intrqatin.qducdty plays vital rolc

bteqyutin4 fudu

FX alrulatt (M-NI)
N
Ond cE a only functiun ofz and
Ccmstcunt S 46)

e x)=-L(MNa
N 1
Then cnte qratins fattY

FO=e
ay Fivt calulate rl-1
M
and f i a 0m function o and
Lmstuntsayd
ce4cy)eL (Na-My
hen coteqy ahina tuctto (s
F) e ) d y
 Page No.
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mp Remuaks on nteeatiny factr

O Initqyatingtucdur fo nop-exact ODE

( cadc ) Can ntycbc a zeao.and
Congdant

As_N havc hon-exad oDE4htn

My+N
My-Nz
htatOYe2 aR Of indinq
cnteahn tuctur
I (My-N=4a)
acda
then TFFa)=
dnd
If L
M
(N- My= 4y theD
TF
Jep
F)= e_
dy
50 1t CI nevey be a (oJfanj
bc cauot
exponbialfu shte (1ln both ).
Notcdhat da) and y)
neye Xero
 Pago No.
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huppaie yau dS SUmt(1)EO
hen wc havC

N(MyNx=0
My-N
M= N
ahichis a Coradichon 5incc
Ou ODE num-exut

Similaly weCan proyc fer Py)

Inteeratinyfactr
CSL dnstuni
fr an exac obE
Ithat cuaC
an
As we huve exact ODE

SAcdyd lodr
e
and
TF=e
SGu)dy Jody
ntey xadih fucha nitcd no vbe
be a udiquue LCcyC
example)
fr eq d f zdy -0, TE =.
 Page No.
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xamplc.)
Solvr (1r loqX-xdy+ 2ydxo
Hta
Ma2 N=21loqx-
2N 2loqx+24-
2(1t loq)
bo Lochuvg M NL,thuo yen oDE
sDn-Cxact O E

M-Na=L -2lbqz ty
2xloqx-2

loy-y
Cenl fu of ) suy da)
4c2 d
-IF =FCZ)= e d
Nos mulhplyinq o evenO
27 dr 4 (21oqx-dy e0
This is an
eact ODE
29 dt 2 loqz dy-ydy =O
a2le) Byobtyahen
 Page No.
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Cn intcynahing
2yloy

Thii youy General 60 of,i non-

e x a c DE

Chtck.cu)E 2yloyx-y
du- 27 d+2log )dy
This yeuY GEET

2 osy.dre Sipydx=o
Hee M= e COS e in
y=<e'gny N en/
a n exacd ob

dlecosy)0
on (ntCq oahn h

= o y d-evny dy7
0UY ANS d (oG
 Poge No.
Date
xampl
(etdt(x-)dy-0,yoje
-
le
M: M t ye
t e
WehaV M tN Non cxad op L

Hexc
L(N-N4
1

D47

TMuHiplnn e to O

2dtyd1tdy-efdy =o
dtd2)-e dy=o
n 1nteyrahen
 Page No.
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C

Thisc 4cneaso?
No IC y[o)=1

=Ite

This c al pCvhculay so of aiven IVP.

Notc
DE IE Exact
Ydydz=o (7u=0 On inte
(eract) youL AN
LdyLdi-d(lniy)-
3

9)1dyd=O d -o
exalt)

(ty ,r
9)-d+ zdy
2-h)
nnexatA
 dn (
Lineuy Qtfexential kquations 8
Adlfexentialequafim CScuid fo he
uncay
deqpte of dy o n c

_cii) theacshauldnod hc poduch af

dependen vunable dnd k_deivative
(ii) hCa should nei be deptndcnt
vamahlt attacbed Laith squuc
mgo exponhalsauui yoot

lhe qendaal ftama al inca difteatntial

equtim a h c hY de (
PC)y=Y XeISIR

whtae P) and Y) ac onl funcions of

maybe (omAtnt. Mlo.covea
pOO and Ya)_ane cmiinu.aka dunction
SOBeChie VaT

Thts DE C called lin cay n

nierchange tht ole of depen Vam- ()
aud indept vay (X) NC havc

ddy PCY)=XY) ye1P

ThisDE Scalled Ltntqy
 Page No.
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fuy examples-
+2zy(osx(oS linca.ap.G
=00 hot a incaYODE
3y4xsiny no a Ifnear 0pE

inear opE

2 not a Tincoy pE

0biervation 1See eq0D

IHYa)= O Y 1hen O (omt
+pOX)y= C2)
Tht's O IDE S called Fomo qeneouO lineas
S1 dex oDE

How to solve (2) 2

Byuonq yuable seperublcimcthsd
=paocd
In1yl PCOdx+Cn c
Pa d

Tbrs a qneral sol of (2)

If we chooic C=0yC2)=0 Yxe1,S
Trivial
Calledsol"of
he
 Paga No.
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Cbsexvatian 2 Ste e ° )
T Y00f some 1E1 then n
hdye

POR)yYa)= c3)
This oDE Cclled hun-hom.oencow
iney S tCder ODE

Hofo solve (3)2

bom (
dy=Y-Py
d
PYd2-d =o E
Het =Y-Py M

My
. If ds n00)-Cxacd o

Here a)=L (M,-N

N
-o=
pas da Need fo yemember
IF-F
padx
ulHiply toee GNe gE
 Page No.
Date.
JP)dx POd
Pyd-
JPaddx P)dx Pa)dx
Ye dr dy=0
Pad JPCadx
e dx
pCxdx
e dx

Cn cnteqyati
Jpowdx Pea) d
e

Jpo d JP2)dx

Fhis d qepcaal so o G)

I E Y() dx fC

Yemembtr
 Pege No
Date.

intaY ODEs hat cun htyanifam-

edHo lincaY f o r m o e models
yam.oUophcn.omnaatur [nsiante

Ln phy&cis bioloc 2puladio and

ecalody
Afnst-01des oDE Sauid o bta
ioca in y24 11 cun br bmiten
pa)y=X)ET=a1b) a ,bei
0)
Lhracband a c any avtn fundin
ol Condinuo hthiths

IE în an dpplication thu ndependent

inttead o 1
tOY e1ampi

ODE and 'sstandayd fovrm (s

tanx y Sec

Jhefunchin Y) On dhc mqhi may bt_

a mCCand 3hrSo y
disDplace mtnt n a matim an
elrkbaca cutni some othca
physic quantity

In enqintemnc Y) itqutaly
 Page No.
Date.

Lculled tht Chpat and ya) called

ihe Output c hcyeopon.s
hednpu and c caveno h.c
(nitialCcoodctim
Noh-homoqehe auo inea des opE
T faxm
ypoy=y()
whear YC)otrSomc i n I
H Lntaa sol
-P1d Pd
x) e
The quumity dependinq on a qivcIC CS C
POd -PRdx
J)=
)d C
Mtuniny of fhis sol
Kco ponse to Reopohse
Todal Cudput= the inpuf to the
nitcal Daia
 Page No.
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NOTkinyRule (sedul frpeblkm Solv

Shepi (on.Ct he qivcn equatlm to
-fhe4an.duxd in.ea
dufttn ial equatiun

step2-Find he infepahn face

pods
IE e

Step3 Tbenhe sol cs