Far Eastern University

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

A Proposed Redevelopment of Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary with Entry Port

Sustainable Approach through Biomimetic Architecture

A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the

Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Submitted by:
Gessa Mae Evangelista Abriol

Arch. Cesar Augusto S. Concio III

Arch. Edgar Nonato G. Cusi

Class Adviser, ARCH 522 – AR1053

March 17, 2015

 ABSTRACT

Masbate City has been included in the Top 10 poorest provinces in the Philippines
despite having such breathe taking and beautiful natural attractions. The Buntod Reef Marine
Sanctuary was named the 2nd Most Resilient Marine Sanctuary in the Central Philippines.

The proposed Redevelopment of Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary with Entry Port aims
to provide not only facilities but also help enunciate in behalf of the province itself in providing
tourist oriented activities which anyone could enjoy but at the same time minimizing and if
possible avoid the destruction of the natural attraction. It will also provide livelihood to local
constituents of the City of Masbate, adding such facilities could increase livelihood
opportunities. It also helps improve local economy thru Eco-Tourism Development and will
also help increase and generate the provinces’ income. It is important to know the advantages
and disadvantages of this project to fully rationalize the main points to keep and must be
integrated accordingly to improve its facilities without sacrificing the natural beauty of the
marine sanctuary and the mangrove forest. The proposed redevelopment also includes a
construction of a new entry port solely for the use of Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary where it
will be a docking point to transfer the tourist to and from the marine sanctuary.

The project promotes also the sustainability and disaster resiliency of its structure to
withstand against natural disasters. Its use of lightweight materials and establishing a firm
foundation.

The project was designed to minimize or as much as possible prevent the destructive
effect of its redevelopment. The major objective of this study is to introduce new design
technologies. It aims to promote the tourism industry in Masbate City and its rich culture that
is still unnoticed which can uplift and improve the lives of the localities and of the province
itself.

- Gessa Mae E. Abriol

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 LOGO/RATIONALE

The logo depicts a colorful representation of the vast and rich marine life of the Buntod
Reef Marine Sanctuary. The various shades of colors portrays the cheerful and joyful
camaraderie of the Masbateños that makes it more enjoyable and creates an additional
experience for the tourists.

The mangrove at the center of the logo symbolizes its importance in the ecosystem of
the Province of Masbate.

Credits: stock-vector-bright-vector-card-made-of-corals-with-textbox-stylish-natural-background-ideal-for-romantic-162138617 www.shutterstock.com

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 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

“ For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the Lord,
“plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you
hope and a future.”
- Jeremiah 29:11

Gessa Mae E. Abriol was born on the 30th of April 1992 in Quezon City. She is the first
born child of Paz E. Abriol and Jack L. Eser. Her parents parted ways, 15 years ago. She now
lives with her mother and her five siblings namely Christian, Jayson, Jonnette, Gissella and
Sebastian. Gessa is known as Bonbon to her family.

She finished her Primary and Secondary education in Sto. Niño Parochial School in Bago-
Bantay, Quezon City. She was 2nd Year High School when she decided to pursue Architecture
~ her first choice. She entered Far Eastern University on June 2009 and started to chase her
dreams of becoming an Architect. She wasn’t an active student, didn’t have that much hunger
for knowledge as a student. She is just one of the average students in class, a typical student
who’s not fond of numbers and formulas, hates Math and Science. On a typical day off school,
she prefers to stay in her room - read book, listen to music and write down poems. She is more
likely a standoffish. She is also into travelling, photography and other kind of outdoor
escapades. On 27th of November 2011, she was given a chance to hone and nurture her passion
for writing literary pieces as she successfully passed the examination and interview to be a
Literary Writer of Advocate – The Official Student Publication of Far Eastern University. But
due to the demand of her course and problems with time management she decided to leave her
passion behind and continued to focus on pursuing Architecture. She is a caring, obedient and
loving member of the family. Most of her friends describe her as a loud, cheerful, corny,
humorous and most of the time pa-deep and ma-drama but most of all she is loved because of
her generosity to help others who are in need.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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“The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads
me beside still waters. He restores my soul. He leads me in the paths of righteousness for His
name’s sake. Though I walk through the valley of the shaow of death, I will fear no evil for You
are with me.”
- Psalm 23

It was a long journey of 6 years for me to finish this chapter of my life. There have been
struggles, challenges and trials along the way. There have been rejections, failures, regrets and
delays but still it was an awesome and wonderful race because of our Almighty God and the
presence of the people who have made my journey a remarkable one.

Thank you to our Lord Almighty God for always being there in every second of my life.
Even if I have failed you a thousand times still Your mercy remains. Thank you for giving me
a loving and supportive family. Thank you for the patience and unconditional love, for the
bountiful of wisdom and knowledge. Thank you for letting me know that I can make it. Thank
you for lifting me up during the low days of my life, with your words to lighten up a dark days.
Thank you for showing me that forever really does exist in You, Your love for us. I couldn’t
thank you enough, this battle I wouldn’t be able to win if it weren’t because of You. “For you
alone is my rock and my salvation, my fortress where I will never be shaken.” – Psalm 62:2

To my loving Mama, who have always been there for us, thank you for your patience and
understanding. I know it's not easy raising 6 children all at the same time but we never
experienced a love stronger than what you have for us. We have sometimes caused you so
much pain but you never laid a hand on us. Thank you for your unconditional love. For all the
sacrifices. You've been my strong shield through all of those years. You've been my strength
whenever I feel the weight of the world is on my shoulders. Thank you so much for everything.
You're my inspiration. Whoever I have become now it’s all because of you.

To my supportive Tita Ana, Tita Fe and Tito Tom, I am the most blessed niece in the whole
wide world because of you. You have given me and my siblings so many opportunities to help
and make our lives better. Thank you so much for the trust that we will all make it. Thank you
for supporting us in our education and for everything that helped me and my family and with

5
that I couldn't thank you enough. I am so thankful and blessed beyond belief of your outpouring
love for us.

To Tita Lucy, thank you so much for everything. Many have judged the way you raise us.
But now, I can say. One of the reasons I made it is because of your guidance and advices.
Thank you not just for putting food on our plate and providing us shelter without asking for
anything in return but for the words of wisdom you have instilled in our minds that helped
shaped and honed us to prepare for whatever life may throw us.

To my inspiration and my best friends ~ my brothers, Christian, Jayson and Sebastian, my

sisters, Jonnette and Gissella - thank you for your unending support and abundant love. Thank
you for always being there for me, for always encouraging me to be a better version of myself.
Thank you for making our family extra special, it's always a wonderful and a lovely feeling
being surrounded by people who won't give up on you and will always be by your side no
matter what happens.

To our very supportive Design 9 Adviser from afar, Arch. Bernardo R. Laurena, thank
you for the wisdom and knowledge you have thought us. It was a short period of time you've
been with us, but the learnings will remain with us forever.

To our cool and awesome advisers, Arch. Cesar S. Concio III and Arch. Edgar G. Cusi -
thank you for bringing out the beast and best in us. We couldn't thank you enough for an
opportunity like this. Thank you for nurturing us and letting us know that we can make it. For
my last year in FEU, I haven't been in a classroom, but in a home. I haven't been surrounded
by friends and professors but rather a second family. I am so honored to be your student. We
are so thankful and blessed to have you as our advisers. We couldn’t ask for anything better
than the merged intelligence and knowledge of two great and amazing professors in FEU-
IARFA to date.

To our Thesis Consultant, Arch. Rey M. Evangelista, thank you for the wisdom and
knowledge. Thank you for the learnings you have shared with us, for the support and advices
in making our thesis project better. I will always be grateful for everything Sir.

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 To AR1053 - kudos to us! It has been a rough yet joyful year, thank you for the priceless
laughter, bonding and good camaraderie. This is one of the best sections I have ever been to.
Thank you guys!

To my awesome and best of friends - Kezia, thank you so much for your faithfulness to the
Lord that you have touched not only mine but as well as other people. I am so blessed to have
found you again. The story of our friendship testifies that God works in many ways. To Irene,
thank you for your honesty in everything, I am so thankful that I got to know you. To Mads,
thank you for being the best version of yourself. You have been a real gentleman to us. To
Marren, Faye and Yvonne, thank you for your time and support. I will always be grateful of
the things you’ve done for me. To Adelfa, thank you for your frankness, I am also thankful for
the wonderful days we’ve spent with you and I’m glad you’re a friend I can lean on. To Daniel,
my best buddy – thank you for the moral support. I am so blessed to have a kind and supportive
big brother. To Ate Alex, thank you for your kindness and humbleness. You are special in so
many ways, and I am so thankful and blessed to have you. To Cz, thank you for your upfront
and honest attitude. I am so thankful I have a friend like you whom I can share my passion in
writing literary pieces. I hope someday all of your works will be compiled in a book - that’s
how wonderful and talented person and a friend you are to me. And to Eunice, my everyday
food, adventure, best and soon to be travel buddy. Thank you for your time, patience, love and
trust, for the support and in believing that I can do everything. Thank you for the wonderful
and unforgettable experiences, for helping me be in the right path. I am blessed and thankful
to call you my best friend. I am looking forward for more fun filled adventures with you. Thank
you also to my friends Cays, Jhunmar, Geo, Chris, Terence, Doc, Mika, Lex, Tix, Jaimy,
Mizzi, Wendy and Joyce. God never fails for He did made sure I’ve got such wonderful and
amazing friends. Thank you so much and I love you guys!

To the City Government of Masbate – Hon. Rowena Tuason, City Planning and
Development Office – Engr. Gerry D. Guadayo Tourism Department - Ms. Jaja Carullo and
SAMAPUSI President – Mr. Romeo Soria Jr.

And to everyone who have made this book possible. A million thanks! God’s delays are
not denials. Today isn’t about “Goodbyes” but rather “until we meet again.” God bless us!

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1.0 – INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND/OVERVIEW 12
1.1.1 SITUATION 13
1.1.2 FUNCTIONS 13
1.1.3 ACTIVITIES 14
1.1.4 USERS’ DESCRIPTION 14
1.1.5 PROJECT PROPONENT/CLIENT 14
1.1.6 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 15
1.1.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 16
1.1.8 AVAILABILITY OF BUDGET 16

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 16

1.3 ARCHITECTURAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 17
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
1.4.1 ARCHITECTURE 18
1.4.2 COMMUNITY 19

1.5 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.5.1 LOCAL LITERATURE 19
1.5.2 FOREIGN LITERATURE 21

1.6 HYPOTHESIS 26

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 27

1.8 RESEARCH DESIGN 28
1.9 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH AND
ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT 30
1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS 31
1.11 LIST OF REFERENCES / END NOTES 32

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CHAPTER 2.0 – ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA

2.1 SITE ANALYSIS

2.1.1 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS 34

2.1.1.1 PHYSICAL PROFILE

2.1.1.1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 35
2.1.1.1.2 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA 37
2.1.1.1.3 GEOLOGICAL CONDITION 45
2.1.1.1.4 LAND USE/ZONING 52
2.1.1.1.5 CATCHMENT AREA 53
2.1.1.1.6 UTILITY SYSTEM 55

2.1.1.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

2.1.1.2.1 DEMOGRAPHY 56
2.1.1.2.2 CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS 64

2.1.1.3 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS TABLE 66

2.1.2 MICRO SITE ANALYSIS

2.1.2.1 MICRO SITE ANALYSIS TABLE 68
2.1.2.2 SWOT ANALYSIS MATRIX 77
2.1.2.2.1 USERS’ ANALYSIS 81
2.1.2.2.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 88

2.1.3 LAWS/ORDINANCES 89
2.1.4 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 106
2.2 RESEARCH FOCUS 109
2.3 CASE STUDIES OF RELATED WORKS 120
2.4 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING 133
2.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY 141

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CHAPTER 3.0 – ARCHITECTURAL TRANSLATION

3.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND CORRESPONDING DESIGN

SOLUTIONS 148
3.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND CONCEPTS 151
3.3 SCHEMES DEVELOPMENT 152
3.4 SPACE FOCUS 162
3.5 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS 167

CHAPTER 4.0 – SYNTHESIS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

BIBILIOGRAPHY 176

ANNEX 1 : LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND MAPS 178

ATTACHMENTS: PRESENTATION BOARDS, SCALE MODEL & RATING

SHEETS 180

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11
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND/OVERVIEW

The proposed project is entitled Redevelopment of Buntod Reef Marine

Sanctuary with Entry Port. The marine sanctuary is located at the western portion of
Barangay Nursery and Barangay Tugbo, Masbate City with an entry port with 15
minutes boat ride to and from the marine sanctuary, located at Nursery Boulevard,
Masbate City.

The Province of Masbate ranked no. 10 of the 15 poorest provinces in the country
in the past 6 months of 2012 despite being in the central part of the country, its adjacency
to its neighboring provinces, having such breathtaking natural and cultural wonders and
many natural resources present in the province. The unemployment, demotion of
tourism, financial insufficiency to maintain such ecotourism venues are probably some
of the reasons why the city’s economy is not increasing. (Rappler, 2012) One of the
developments that a city has to focus is the promotion of Tourism thus enhancing its
economy.

The development and growth of the tourism sector in Masbate City positions it
further to achieve its vision of becoming the country’s marine sanctuary. Zones for
tourism and recreational are located along the boulevard extending toward the sea,
which extends from barangays Espinosa to Nursery. Hotels, resorts, day and night clubs
and the like shall be allowed in this zone.

Masbate City has 4 major natural attractions, one of it is the Buntod Sandbar and
Reef Marine Sanctuary, the first established marine sanctuary of the city where live hard
and soft coral covers highlights the majestic underwater sceneries that can act as a must
travel destination and ecotourism venue that will lift the city’s tourism by the increase
in its tourists arrival. According to the Philippines Information Agency report last May

12
 2012, an official of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in
Bicol said that Buntod Reef is fast becoming an eco-tourism destination in Bicol being
a marine sanctuary and second most resilient reef in the Central Philippines thus
showing potential in increasing the tourism in Masbate that will also provide livelihood
to the nearby communities.

The project is about the redevelopment of the marine sanctuary wherein there
will be a rehabilitation and expansion of the communal hut/station that will
accommodate the needs of the increasing number of users. The redevelopment includes
an entry port, with a 10 kilometer distance from the marine sanctuary that will serve as
a linkage to the marine sanctuary.

1.1.1 SITUATION

There is a 15 minute boat ride to get to the Marine sanctuary, and its current
entry port is inside a private resort. Putting up its own entry port can attract more tourists
creating an identity of its own. There is only one facility in the Sanctuary, a communal
hut or station where all the tourist gathers, eat and rest. There are no space requirements
to house the different activities in the sanctuary, all activities are done in that communal
hut.

This entry port is where the boats can dock and transfer tourists to and from the
marine sanctuary, facilities such as an interactive visitor center, museum, exhibit area
and offices. There is also an additional facility to house different minor activities such
as transactions of entrance fees, rentals for equipment and cottages and souvenir shop.

1.1.2 FUNCTIONS

According to the Building Code of the Philippines, under Rule VII, the proposed
projects belongs to Group H or Recreation and Education under Division H-4 (Tourism
estate developments or tourism-oriented establishments which are structures not
included in Division H-1)

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1.1.3 ACTIVITIES

The major activities to be held in the project are the interactive visitor experience
that will create a relationship between the community/tourists and the
environment/marine life, museum or exhibit room that will showcase the different
marine species of the marine sanctuary and offices that will house the people
maintaining the development of the Ecotourism venue (the Samahang Mangingisda of
Puro-Sinalikway - in charge of providing services to tourists and the Tourism Office).
There must also be accommodation facilities such as guest house, rest houses and
rentable rooms, a storage area and spaces for the equipment. Minor activities will
include scuba diving, mangrove trekking, swimming, boating, bird watching,
snorkeling, seaweed planting, kayaking and mangrove planting.

1.1.4 USERS’ DESCRIPTION

The primary users will be consisting of local and foreign visitors and tourists usually
coming from East Asian countries. According to SAMAPUSI, there are not less than 20
tourists per day during January to February and June to December and not less than 50
people per day during summer, March to May. They usually stay from 8am to 10pm and
sometimes they are allowed to have an overnight stay. The secondary users are local
personnel, officers, cooperatives and tour guides from the nearby communities that will
assist all the tourist and usually stays from 7am to 5pm. The tertiary users will be the
caretakers, bantay kadagatan or the watchmen composed of 7 people / day with shifting
every week, and they stay depending on the tourist’s stay.

1.1.1 PROJECT PROPONENT & CLIENT

The client is the Local Government of Masbate City and Albay-Masbate-

Sorsogon Tourism Alliance (ALMASORTA)

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 1.1.1.1 ALMASORTA: A Brief Introduction

The ALMASORTA has embarked on a more integrated and comprehensive

promotion strategy to market the potentials of the three Bicol provinces. The alliance is
a pioneering concept in tourism promotion strategy.

Albay Gov. Joey Salceda has spearheaded the organization of the

ALMASORTA and signed an agreement of group cooperation with Masbate Gov.
Rizalina Seachon-Lanete and Sorsogon Gov. Raul Lee. Salceda, who chairs the Bicol
Regional Development Council (RDC) said the alliance was initiated to ensure a
stronger and more cohesive tourism campaign among the three provinces, which all have
their inherent world class tourism potentials that needed better market positioning and
promotion.

It aims to develop new and emerging tourism destinations that will increase
domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in the region by providing quality tourism products
and services that will put Bicol in the global tourism market.

1.1.6 PROJECT OBJECTIVES:

The project is being proposed by the client because of the following existing
conditions/reasons:

1. To have vibrant city by promoting the venue through Ecotourism.

2. To provide livelihood to local constituents of the City of Masbate, adding such
facilities could increase livelihood opportunities.
3. To redevelop the marine sanctuary through Sustainable Design without harming
its natural habitat.
4. To improve local economy thru Eco-Tourism Development.
5. To have an established marine sanctuary that will serve as one of the top tourist
destinations in the Province of Masbate.
6. To put up an entry port facility that will mark the identity of the marine sanctuary
from other destinations.

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 1.1.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

These are the additional activities/spaces of the client outside of the standard
requirements of the project:

1. The Client wants to provide the marine sanctuary its own entry port where the
boats can dock and serve as the transfer area for tourists coming to and from the
marine sanctuary.

2. The Client also wants to provide facilities that will engaged into a more livelihood
opportunities for the community, increasing new and additional facilities will
enhance tourist arrival.

3. They want to provide an interactive visitor center for tourist involvement to the
marine sanctuary and the existing environment.

4. They want to provide a main facility that separates major and minor activities in
the marine sanctuary and entry port.

1.1.8 AVAILABILITY OF BUDGET

The budget is 120 million that will come from the Department of Tourism
Convergence Fund (Albay-Masbate-Sorsogon or ALMASOR Projects) as the
funding source. The counterpart funding will be the Local Government Unit of
Masbate while the Project Financing is thru capital assistance from Department of
Tourism Regional Office.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The table shows the major and minor problem that will answer the
architectural concerns of the current macro-environmental situation. Included is the
goal that will formulate a unique, feasible and workable architectural solution to the
prevailing issues and the objectives that will show the different approaches to be use
in the project:

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MAJOR PROBLEM GOAL
How will the proposed redevelopment of To come up with a design that will comply
Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary be by the laws and policies intended for the
designed in order to maintain the natural developments of marine protected areas
features of the sanctuary? and by using materials and design
approaches that will not harm the marine
sanctuary.

MINOR PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES

1. How will the facilities be designed in To design a unique and world class
order to generate income and provide Ecotourism venue that will attract and
livelihood opportunities? enhance the visitor’s experience and will
increase tourist’s arrival. This will
provide livelihood to the local
constituents.
Strategies:
a. Research existing local and foreign
marine facilities.
b. Know the different activities that are
allowed in a marine sanctuaries.
c. Know the limitations in designing and
redeveloping marine sanctuaries.
2. What building technology will be used 2. To apply an effective and feasible
in the facilities? building technology with its materials that
can withstand the environmental factors
of the site, both the advantage and
disadvantages.
Strategies:
a. Know the applicable structural design
for the site location.
b. Know the materials appropriate for the
climate and soil bearing capacity of the
site.

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 3. How will Biomimetic Architecture be 1. To be able to incorporate the form,
incorporated in the design of the material, construction, process and
facilities? function of the existing organism,
behavior and ecosystem to the design of
the facility which will also include
sustainable approaches to reduce energy
consumption and maximize the use of the
sun and wind.
Strategies:
a. Orient the structures in consideration of
the sun path to maximize natural lighting
b. Integrate solar panel installation
c. Incorporate wind direction by placing
large openings/windows for natural
ventilation and passive cooling
d. Know the laws and policies
implemented in the development of local
and foreign marine sanctuaries
e. Study the behaviour of the existing
ecosystem to mimic and incorporate it in
the design of the facilities

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH:

A. To the Architectural Community

1. This study would provide as a reference on further studies on designing

marine sanctuaries or any protected areas without harming its natural habitat.

2. This study would provide deeper knowledge and additional understanding

in the role of planners and designers in maintaining the natural features of
the environment and designing with nature not for the built environment.

3. This study would provide further research on the application of

Biomimetic Architecture with accordance to the Philippine context.

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 4. The project will provide new design approaches that will help minimize
the destructive effects of the built environment through sustainable design.

B. To the Community

1. This study will help educate the community to take full responsibility of
taking care for their environment.

2. The sustainable approaches incorporated in the design of the facilities will

serve as an encouragement for the community to adapt these sustainable
approaches to their own community.

3. Through the redevelopment of the project, livelihood opportunities will be

opened to the nearby communities.

1.5 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

1.5.1 LOCAL LITERATURE

Title/Topic of Literature: Bicol area development plan for 2015-2020 to

1 boost Albay-Masbate-Sorsogon (ALMASOR) Tourism Programs

Source: Philippine Information Agency, retrieved from

http://news.pia.gov.ph/index.php?article=771402281675#sthash.LhBFiEjY.dpuf

Synopsis:
The Bicol Regional Development Council (RDC) has approved the six-year
area development plan from 2015 to 2020 for the Albay-Masbate-Sorsogon
(Almasor) tourism alliance program. The tourism development plan has identified
ALMASOR as one of the top five tourism development areas in central Philippines
with the capacity to support strategic tourist areas and native products that attract
tourists. The updated regional development plan identifies tourism as one of the most
promising and resilient sectors that will spur economic development in the region.

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 Bicol is aggressively pursuing tourism development programs to contribute
1.2 million foreign tourist arrivals to the 2016 national target of 10 million. The
development of ALMASOR area shall contribute to the attainment of the objectives
of the Bicol RDP in generating employment, increasing income and increasing gross
value added from tourism. Branded as the “Soul of the South” as a new marketing
strategy and packaging of the tourism industry and prospects for the three
southernmost provinces of the region.

Critique: The Redevelopment of Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary is one of the

proposals of the Tourism Development Plan of ALMASOR. This is to provide
economic development through increase in tourism and generation of income and
will also help the local community through livelihood opportunities. The approved
Tourism Development Plan is a justification for the need of this project.

2
Title/Topic of Literature: Establishing A Community Based Marine
Sanctuary
Source: Marine Ecotourism and Community Participation Case Studies
from Bohol, Philippines by S J. Green Retrieved from
http://oneocean.org/download/db_files/community_ based_mpa.pdf

Synopsis:
Establishing marine sanctuaries in and around coral reefs is becoming one of
the most popular tools for marine resource management and conservation. The
Philippines now has over 500 community-based and managed marine sanctuaries
scattered around the country. Although small, they are an excellent way for
communities to begin to explore the management of their marine resources. The
Philippines also has a large dive tourism industry but many reefs have been damaged
or degraded and good dive sites are becoming fewer and fewer. Marine sanctuaries
are normally managed and run by communities in cooperation with the local
government; tie-ups with the local diving industry are surprisingly rare.

Today the community of Cabacongan Marine Protected Area is benefiting

from increased catches and the sanctuary is rich in marine life. Ironically, it is also
now home to a group of black tip sharks that have taken refuge in the

20
overwhelmingly rich resources of the sanctuary. The community is also starting to
develop better relations with the dive operators.

Critique:
There are lots of ways for the environment to regain and retain its beauty,
and one of the ways is the active participation of the community. A community-
based marine sanctuary is a very effective way to prevent the marine sanctuary from
devastation and recklessness of the people but they also has a say in keeping its
natural beauty. It needs active participation of each member of the community, not
only they will gain benefits from its beauty but it can also provide them livelihood
opportunities.

1.5.2 FOREIGN LITERATURES:

Title: Innovative & Environmentally Friendly Materials Incorporated with

1 Resort
Source:
technology-i/
http://spatialdesign.wordpress.com/category/innovation-

Synopsis:
Resort in tropical area especially in Bali are very numerous in shape and the
used of materials, dealing with the international issue about environmentally friendly
materials, in such a way, buildings are vast consumers of materials. Some strategies
that may be adopted included: reducing materials use and waste associated with
construction, choosing material that have low-environmental impact or are salvage
and recycled.

Some materials that used in resort dealing with innovative and environmentally
friendly materials are:

1. Aluminum - is remarkable for its ability to resist corrosion and light weight. The
long lasting of this material durability’s has relatively high embodied energy, so the
environment impacts of the materials become lower. One example is the Alusion.
(see figure 1.1) They are materials that have variety of range in models, pores, and

21
thickness. Alusion Stabilized Aluminum Foam and its various versions are interior
finish panels. It can be used as furniture and signage.

Figure 1.1 – Application related with Allusion

2. Lumicor - is done by lamination, it constructed within uniting two or more layers

of materials together and in between is filled within real fabrics, such as leaves,
forest fern, beach grasses, or natural papers to any environment. (Fig. 1.2)

Figure 1.2 – Lumicor

3. Nature surface - are products finished by hand polishing, for example Mother of
pearl which is a traditional decorative material in Vietnam, the pieces is hand cut
from pearl oyster shells. (Figure 1.3) It usually used as architectural applications
within surfaces in panels of standard size and configuration and furniture and
accessories for merchandising in 3-dimensional.

Figure 1.3 – Mother of Pearl (The smooth surfaces can be renewed or refinished as long as usage or
damage has not breached the polyurethane top coat. Relief and natural finishes cannot be renewed.)

22
4. Coconut tree - the new innovation of coconut is for flooring materials, here are
some references for the flooring one side is a local product and the other side is an
international product. (Figure 1.4)

Figure 1.4 – Coconut flooring (marked for its unique dark grain and as hard as regular hardwood at
noticeably lower price)

Critique:
In creating a sustainable built environment, construction materials are also
essential considerations to be able to create or build an environmental friendly
structure. Innovation could be of a less priority on the contemporary period, but it is
an advantage as innovative materials goes to compete in the construction industry.
The disadvantage is that not all materials are applicable and the supplies are scarce
or not even available on certain parts of the country.

2
Title/Topic of Literature: When Biology Inspires Architecture: An Interview
with Doris Kim Sung
Source: http://www.archdaily.com/505016/when-biology-inspires-
architecture-an-interview-with-doris-kim-sung/

Synopsis:
Los Angeles-based architect Doris Kim Sung took a fairly non-traditional
approach to becoming an architect: she was a biologist. Naturally then, Sung’s
architectural work tends to take inspiration from the biological world, particularly in
the way she experiments and innovates with materials. Much of her work involves
thermal bimetals, (Figure 1.5) a material that expands and contracts with temperature
swings; it can even act as a sun shade and ventilation system, without the need for
electricity.

23
 Figure 1.5 – Thermo Bimetals (which changes shape with temperature and may let walls breathe
and windows apply shading to themselves)

According to Doris Kim Sung, comparing the human skin to building skin,
the skin is the first line of defense for the body. It cools by sweating, heats by
inflating (goose bumps), resists sun by making melanin, it protects from dirt, water
and so many other things. If it works well, the heart and lungs don’t have to work so
hard. Building skins can operate the same way and prevent the mechanical system
(AC or heating) from overworking and using up huge amounts of unnecessary
energy. With “smart” materials like thermo bimetals, envelopes can now self-shade,
self-ventilate, and self-operate.

Beside its use as a building skin, Doris Kim Sung says there are other
potential uses of Bimetals to Architecture. They are used as actuating devices in
machinery and engines. But, they can be used in clothing, shoes, furniture, lighting,
and safety devices. They are currently using them to ease assembly and make
lightweight structural systems (“eXo”). They are also making self-assembly
systems, where they eliminate any labor in the assembly process. When heated, the
thing assembles itself.

Thermal bimetals can serve as a viable replacement for certain electricity

intensive building systems. According to her, the main intent is to find solutions that
require no energy and no controls. The more we do these on different levels, the
less dependent we will be on electricity.

24
Critique:
One of the objectives of the proposal is to incorporate an innovative and new
kind of sustainable technology. Being in a tropical country, bimetals are useful for
it is applicable mostly on hot and arid climates. It can also be calibrated to react to
different temperatures for different purposes. The thermo bimetals if used in the
facade of the building can create an interesting view and is attractive for the target
users, not only it creates an external beauty but it is also designed to be internally
sustainable which provides natural ventilation for the building when it’s hot and
humid. But this technology can also overpower the existing condition and might not
be applicable in the built environment of the site. This approach is contemporary
while the existing is still on the traditional approach.

Title/Topic of Literature: Conspiring with Nature - Employing Ecological

3 Awareness toward a Design Methodology

Source: Thomas J. Hahn, Jr., RA; hahn@ecosainstitute.org, Assoc. Director,

Ecosa Institute, Prescott, AZ; 928-541-1002

Synopsis:

There have been a range of application of organic and environmentally

responsible architecture in this period, but how did they incorporate it to the
contemporary design methodology?

This is where we conspire with nature to understand ways in which nature’s

resource-use approaches, both at the very broad and very fine scale, create
appropriate, timeless, “beautiful designs.” By looking carefully and systematically
at the ways nature has designed, we can develop criteria and strategies for evolving
architecture in a like manner, thereby making it successful in the way of nature that
very effectively and sustainably finds resources to survive, wastes nothing, and is
constantly responsive to an ever-changing environment, becoming an ever more
intrinsically satisfying image through evolutionary processes. Precedents exist of
buildings and landscapes that become architecturally developed and expressive in
the same ways, through how they are sustainably conceived, created, utilized, and
gently returned to the cycle of resource use and reclamation. This is the hallmark of
all long-lived and successful species on this planet, and one from which we can learn.

25
 Critique:

The concept of designing with nature is essential in the proposed project with
a keen consideration of the nature as part of the structure. As an architect, we are
responsible for the consumption of resources in which if not taken consideration
there would be an environmental effect that could harm the environment. And thus
it is our sole responsibility in maintaining to consume a precise amount of resources
that will not harm the environment or that would cause abusive use. The study shows
that the architect must know how the building will be designed to be able to coincide
with its environment and know the possible cause and effects of these structures to
the environment. Some designers doesn’t consider nature as part of the design, thus
turning natural into a man-made environment, leaving scarce resources.

1.6 HYPOTHESIS

The effect of Biomimetic Architecture to the project is that there is an innovative

way in establishing a sustainable design. It is not only innovative but also it is a new way in
introducing a new approach that the future designers could use. They could even expand
and provide additional studies in order to fully adapt this kind of approach in the country,
which could be also a first.

It could be a way to prove that this kind of approach is feasible to our country and
that it is now the time that we should introduce and look into a more novel and contemporary
design approaches so that we can also compete with other sustainable structures with world
class or high end standards there is in other countries, that it is good to get out of our comfort
zone as designers and explore a wider range of design approaches that is possible for
application in the country. The traditional ways can still be adapted, but they can also be
improved and make it blend with new innovations the country deserves. So, why can’t we,
as designers and planners make this country be one of the top countries to introduce or make
it even count as a pioneer in designing a green, ecological and sustainable environment?

26
1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

27
1.8 RESEARCH DESIGN

Table 1.1 – Research Design

DATA
DATA GATHERING DATA ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATION

Library Research  To determine the facilities  The design considerations

 Thesis on Marine required depending on the shall include the current
Sanctuary or Protected activities allowed stature of the environment
Areas  To collect information and not to harm the
 Books about redeveloping and data that will prevent ecosystem
Protected Areas from harming the
 Books on Ecotourism protected area
 To incorporate ecotourism
Internet Research
 Application of ecological  To know what possible  Application of the laws,
design on marine sustainable approaches ordinances given by the
sanctuaries shall be incorporated to government in the
 Gather data on laws and minimize the use of development of the marine
policies regarding technology that could sanctuary
protected area harm the ecosystem
development
On Site Visitation
 Soil types  To know if the land use of  This is to generally apply
 Existing Vegetation the location is appropriate all of the data and
 Flora and Fauna for such redevelopment information gathered in
 Accessibility  To analyze the site on its the planning, orientation

 Water and Electricity capacity to be and design of the facilities

Sewage and drainage commercially open for  Design of the most

public efficient waste disposal,
 To consider the existing sewage and drainage
facilities and its situation system

28

Newspaper Gatherings
 Articles about marine
sanctuaries
 Articles in ecotourism
Agency Visitation
Planning and Development
Division, Masbate City
 Comprehensive Land Use
Plan
 Zoning Ordinance
City Tourism Office,  To know the population of  Incorporating the number
Masbate City
 Tourist Description of
Masbate City
Department of Environment  To know the ordinances,  Integration
and Natural Resources
 Laws and policies for
Marine Protected Areas
National Mapping and  To obtain a map that  Know the access on how
Resources Information
Authority
 Road network
 To know the sites’
advantages and
disadvantages
 To read and know the  Design approach for
current situations and marine sanctuaries
issues of other existing  Establish the weaknesses
marine sanctuaries in the of those issues into a
country strength
 To distinguish the possible
developments for marine
sanctuaries available to
promote ecotourism
 To know the demography,  Conform with land use
land use and ordinances and zoning ordinances
the local and foreign of users in the design of
tourist arrival in Masbate the facilities based on the
City locations carrying
capacity
of these
laws and policies given by ordinances in the design
the agencies maintaining approach in the planning
the natural features of the of the redevelopment of
marine sanctuary the marine sanctuary
shows the road networks to go to and from the site
and possible accessibility for the users convenience
in the site
29
 Bureau of Soil and Water  To know the soil capacity  Capability of the soil for
Management the structural design
 Soil data
Philippine Atmospheric,  To know the wind and sun  Incorporate the
Geophysical and direction based on the appropriate position of the
Astronomical Services location facilities in order to take
Administration (PAGASA)  To know the climate and advantage of the sun and
 Climatic map weather of the location to wind for natural lighting,
 Sun path diagram be considered in the design ventilation and solar
of the facilities power
Office of the Strategic  To know the activities and  Consider in space/facility
Management, Masbate City facilities allowed to erect programming
 Policies and ordinances in in the protected area
the Sanctuary
Interviews  To know the daily on site  Incorporate the small
 Mr. Ramon Soria Jr., situations based on the issues cited by the
President of Samahang observation of the head interviewee for a more
Mangingisda ng Puro- caretaker and the effective design solutions
Sinalikway (SAMAPUSI) personnel’s

1.9 SCOPE & LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH & THE ARCHITECTURAL

PROJECT
The table shows the extent and coverage of the project and its limitations.
Table 1.2 – Scope and Limitations
SCOPE LIMITATION
Site Development Planning This will be limited to the location and
This includes the orientation, movement citing of buildings
and connection to bounding streets and
roads in relation to the existing site
conditions

30
Building Height The building height will be up to three
Provided by the Zoning Ordinance of storey only according to the Zoning
Masbate City Ordinance of Masbate City

Space Requirements This will be limited to the

Facilities and space requirements allowed/conforming spaces based on the
complying with the standards of City laws and ordinances (e.g stilt structures
Government of Masbate, Department of made of light to medium materials)
Tourism and Department of Environmental
and Natural Resources
Structural Plan and Details The project will not be concerned on the
structural or engineering computations of
the structures
Landscaping This will be limited to mangrove and sea
Vegetation that grows in saline coastal grass reforestation only
sediment habitats
Building Materials This will be limited on the availability of
Sustainable design construction materials the budget

1.10 DEFFINITION OF TERMS

Biomimetic or biomimicry - is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of

nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.

Biomimetic Architecture - is a contemporary philosophy of architecture that seeks

solutions for sustainability in nature, not by replicating the natural forms but by
understanding the rules governing those forms.

Communal - shared by all members of a community or for common use

Ecotourism - is defined as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the

environment and improves the well-being of local people

31
 Ecosystem - is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving
components of their environment, interacting as a system

Fossil fuel - are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition
of buried dead organisms

Flora and fauna - refers to plant and wildlife

Geothermal technology (energy) – is thermal energy generated and stored in the

earth

Marine Sanctuary - is a general type of marine protected area. It is a section of the

ocean where a government has placed limits on human activity, could be a form or
part of a Marine Protected Area (MPA)

Protected Area - are locations which receive protection because of their recognized
natural, ecological and/or cultural values

Sandbar (shoal, sandbank or gravel bar) - is a characteristically linear landform

completely within or extending into a body of water. It is typically composed of
sand, silt, and/or small pebbles

1.11 LIST OF REFERENCES / ENDNOTES

Bricker, K., Black, R., and Cottrell, (2012, August) Sustainable Tourism and the
Millennium Development Goals; Chapter 8: The Role of Ecotourism and Sustainable
Tourism in ensuring environmental sustainability in the Marine Environment, pp.
185-200

Bricker, K., Black, R., Cottrell, (2012, August) Sustainable Tourism and the
Millennium Development Goals, Case Study 3 – Ecotourism as a Potential Tool for
Poverty Education, (Ecotourism as a Tool for Conservation and Poverty
Eradication), pp. 77

32
Cowie-Haskell, Ben Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Operations and
Program Coordinator) Retrieved from
http://stellwagen.noaa.gov/about/facility.html

Green, Russ Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center (Program and Operations
Coordinator)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Retrieved from

http://www.noaa.gov

Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) Retrieved from

http://montereybay.noaa.gov

Green, S J., Real Life Case Studies – The Philippines, Marine Ecotourism and
Community Participation Case Studies from Bohol, Philippines, George
Washington University

Ocean Defender Tour of Southeast Asia, Indonesia-Thailand-Philippine, (May-July

2013)

Galloway, Andrew. "When Biology Inspires Architecture: An Interview with

Doris Kim Sung" 14 May 2014. ArchDaily. Accessed 08 Sep 2014.
<http://www.archdaily.com/?p=505016>

Retrieved from Read more: http://vr-zone.com/articles/thermo-bimetals-may-

change-cooling-and-shading-of-buildings/17818.html#ixzz3CkiYKfEi

33
34
CHAPTER 2.0 – ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA

2.1 SITE ANALYSIS

2.1.1 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS

2.1.1.1 PHYSICAL PROFILE

2.1.1.1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Masbate City lies at the heart of the island Province of Masbate and
is bounded on the northeast by Masbate Pass, on the southeast by Tugbo
River and the Municipality of Mobo; on the southwest by the Municipality
of Milagros; and on the northwest by a portion of Asid River and the
municipalities of Milagros and Baleno.

It is the capital of the Province, which is located at the center of the

Philippine archipelago between latitudes 11°43’ north and 21°35’ north,
and between longitudes 123°9’ east and 124°15’ east, and about 212.5
aerial miles or 362 nautical miles from Manila (Map 1).

35
 SITE 1

SITE 1

SITE 2
SITE 2

Map 1 - Vicinity and Location Map

Source: Google Maps and CLUP

36
 2.1.1.1.2 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

The climate of Masbate City is shown in Map 2. The northern part of the
province is wet most of the year with rainfall greater than 2500mm with slight dry
season moisture deficit (A), while the eastern and western part experiences most
rainfall of 1500mm-2500mm moderately dry season moisture deficit (B) and the
southern part is dry with rainfall less than 1500mm (C). The wind direction is
coming from the northeast (amihan) and southwest (habagat).

SITE 1
SITE 2

Map 2 – Climate Map of Masbate City

Source: CLUP, 2001-2005

37
a. Wind

Figure 1 shows that the average expected wind speed is during the months of
January, February and December with 9 km/h. The maximum recorded wind speed
is during the months of March, June, April and December with a wind speed ranging
from 74km/h to 87 km/h.

Figure 2.1 – Average Expected and Maximum Recorded Wind Speed over the Year
Source: http://www.myweather2.com

b. Sun

The sun path, elevation and top view is shown in the figures below. The
figure shows the direction of the sun and shadow that would help the designer in the
proper location of the fenestrations of the building openings, sun shading devices
and solar panel.

Figure 2.2 – Sun Path (Elevation, Top and Rear View)

Source: Autodesk Ecotect

38
 The table below shows the Daily Totals of Sunshine Duration for the year 2013. The
mean daily totals of sunshine duration is between 4.1 hours to 9 hours, while the maximum
is between 9.1 hours to 10.3 hours and the minimum is between 1.4 hours to 4.7 hours.

Table 2.1 - Daily Totals

of Sunshine Duration,
PAGASA – National
Radiation Center

Figure 2.3 – Spherical Projection,

Elevation and Azimuth
Source: Sun Earth Tools (2014)

The figures show the time

schedule of the sunset, sunrise and
azimuth that would determine the
duration and elevation of the sun.

39
c. MOISTURE/HUMIDITY

Masbate City falls under the Type III climate based on modified Corona’s
classification. It has no pronounced maximum rain period, with short dry season
from February to May. The dry spell usually extends from February to May. This
type of climate covers Masbate Island. The coolest month is January. The mean
annual humidity ranges from 76 to 80.3 percent.

The months having the least amount of rainfall are March, April and May,
while there is a fluctuation of rain period in any of the other months, the maximum
rainfall occurs during the months of July, September, and December. Rainfall ranges
from 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters annually.

SITE 1
SITE 2

Map 3 – Flood Susceptible

Map Induced by Heavy
Rainfall

Source: CLUP

The map shows that flood will

not be imminent in the site since
it is near the shoreline buffer.

40
 As shown in Table 2.2, the average number of rainy days during the period
2001-2010 increased during the months of January, April, May, July, August and
September. A decrease in the average of rainy days was noted during the months of
March, June and December. The months of February to May have the least average
number of rainy days from 8-11 ever since 2000 up to 2010.

Table 2.2– Average Number of Rainy Days, 2000-2010, PAG-ASA 2011

Month 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

January 21 18 14 18 19 14 21 15 21 19 23

February 21 19 10 9 12 7 16 11 19 18 4

March 19 15 11 11 13 10 10 10 10 11 10

April 10 5 10 4 7 5 10 5 13 17 7

May 12 9 11 12 11 6 10 12 22 16 3

June 15 14 16 13 19 15 13 8 15 17 15

July 19 22 13 19 18 19 18 15 17 23 20

August 16 21 24 18 19 20 20 19 20 16 20

September 17 18 24 21 10 19 18 22 21 21 19

October 22 27 17 16 19 20 18 18 16 14 18

November 23 21 20 18 16 18 11 22 17 21 22

December 24 25 19 23 17 24 20 25 20 12 22

TOTAL 219 214 189 182 180 166 185 182 211 205 183

41
 Table 2.3 shows that the maximum rainfall ranging from 202.8mm to 477.9mm
occurs during the months of January, May, July, September and December, with
typhoons or strong winds during the months of September to December during the
recent period 2006-2010.

Table 2.3 – Average Rainfall (monthly total in mm)

Month 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

January 65.6 178.2 55 69.8 202.8 297.3 264.8 232.5 186.4

February 89.2 8.8 44.3 24 75.7 59 325.2 138.9 12

March 41 21.1 72.7 59.1 217.5 50.9 39.1 43.5 30.5

April 14.2 6 21 44.2 40.5 9.8 128.6 274.2 10.2

May 36.4 139.5 411.9 102.4 307 165.1 314 259.7 56.8

June 110.5 219.7 197 103.2 79.9 68.8 200.9 186.6 53.3

July 258.6 209.3 185 216.7 282.2 159.1 143.8 188.8 258.5

August 304.8 208.9 179.9 175.8 184 140.8 203.1 122.5 212.2

September 205.9 241.3 51.6 362.8 246.7 302.3 152.8 260.7 121.3

October 117.5 120.5 371.2 149.4 111.7 134.8 99.7 170.3 248.6

November 180.2 209.4 184.4 87.3 107 336.10 74.9 152.2 130.1

December 145.3 110.2 145.5 475.7 311.7 144.8 477.9 82.8 238.6

TOTAL 1569.2 1672.9 1919.5 1870.4 2166.7 1868.8 2424.8 2112.7 1558.5
Source: PAG-ASA, 2011

42
 Despite above historical data on climate, climate change projections by DOST-
PAGASA indicate that trends in extreme rainfall intensity and frequency of
extreme daily rainfall are increasing for Masbate Province as shown in Map 4.

Map 4 - Trends in frequency of Extreme Daily Rainfall (2008)

Source: Hilario, F.D. et al. 2009. Climate Baseline and Change Scenario for the
Philippines, Second National Communications

43
4. TEMPERATURE

 Masbate City has an annual mean temperature of 85°F or 29.5°C as shown

in Map 5.

Map 5 – Temperature Map

Source: World Trade Press

 Figure 2.4 shows the absolute maximum temperature of 38°C for the month

of March, average maximum temperature of 34°C for April and May,

average minimum temperature of 23°C for the month of June to September
and absolute minimum temperature of 14°C for the month of February.

Figure 2.4 – Temperatures: Averages and Extremes over the Year

Source: http://www.myweather2.com

44
2.1.1.1.3 GEOLOGICAL/SEISMOLOGICAL CONDITION

A. SLOPE

The site is categorized as level to nearly level or 0-3% slope. Shown in

table2.4 is Masbate City’s Percentage of Land Area by Slope Category.

Table 2.4 - Percentage of Land Area by Slope Category

Category (% Slope) Land Area Percentage (%)

(hectares)

Level to nearly level (0-3%) 4023 21%

Gently sloping to undulating (3-8%) 4170 22%

Undulating to rolling (8-18%) 5675 30%

Rolling to moderately steep (18-30%) 2713 14%

Steep (30-50%) 1970 10%

Very steep over (50%) 302 2%

TOTAL 100%
Source: DA-BSWM. 1995. Philippine Land and Soils Management Atlas for Bicol, Region V.

45
 SITE 1
SITE 2

Map 6 - Slope Map of

Masbate City
Source: Bureau of Soils and
Water Management (BSWM)

The map shows the slope

of the area, which is level
to nearly level (0-3%)

B. SOIL

The soil type of the site based on the soil test conducted by the Bureau of
Soil is Bolinao Clay Loam. Its characteristics and informations are shown in
Tables 2.5 and 2.6.

Classification Typic Paleustalfs

Series Bolinao Series
Type Bolinao Clay Loam
Embraces the coastal areas of Maingaran, Pawa, Batuhan,
Location
Bantigue and Cawayan Exterior
Physiographic Level to nearly level (0-3%)

46
 Position and
Slope (%)
Parent Materials Sedimentary rocks primarily coralline limestone
It has a strongly sloping to rolling and hilly topography with
Drainage Class
good surface drainage and fair internal drainage; well drained
Surface Soil
 reddish brown to light brown and brown to almost red;
friable; and fine granular clay. In badly eroded areas
limestone boulders are present as outcrops
Subsoil
 Brownish gray, orange brown to light reddish brown;
Characteristics
gravelly clay to clay; and coarse granular. Sticky and plastic
when wet; crumbly, brittle, and hard when dry. Slightly
compact. Boundary is smooth and gradual
Substratum
 massive or laminated coralline limestone particularly
weathered with reddish orange to orange yellow coating
Ground Water
Not encountered
Table
Table 2.5 – Soil Type (Bolinao Series) Source: Ecological Profile, Masbate City

Table 2.6 –
Bolinao Clay
Loam
Characteristics

Source:
Ecological Profile,
Masbate City

47
The map shows the type of soil in the area is the Bolinao Clay Loam

SITE 2

Map 7 – Soil Map

Source: Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)

48
C. FAULT LINE

 Distribution of Active Fault Lines and Trenches Map 8 shows the active fault lines.
The closest fault line to the site is the Sibuyan Sea Fault on the eastern side which is
approximately 1000 km from the site. Other active fault lines within Masbate are the
Masbate Fault and Guinyangan Fault. The Location of the site to the nearest fault
line is relatively prone to Tsunamis since it is located in the eastern-western part of
the sea.

Map 8 – Distribution of Active Fault Lines and Trenches, Central Philippines

Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS, February 2000

Based on critical acceleration

values and earthquake intensity, the
site has low to medium susceptibility
to earthquake-induced landslides as
shown in Map 9. There are also
portions of Masbate that has no
records of susceptibility to
liquefaction.

Map 9 - Earthquake-Triggered
Landslide Susceptibility Map
Source: PHILVOCS-DOST

49
Records of Earthquake

Shown in Map 10 are the 10 strongest earthquakes that happened near the Province
of Masbate for the past 31 years.

Map 10 –
Strongest
Earthquake
near the
Province of
Masbate
Source: Philippine
Institute of
Volcanology and
Seismology

As shown in Map 11, there have been 2 recorded earthquakes where its epicenter
was in Batuan and Dimasalang in Masbate respectively. The map shows that there was no
recorded earthquake near the Nursery Boulevard and Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary thus
makes it safe for the structural components of the building.

Map 11 –
Strongest
Earthquake
in Masbate
Source:
Philippine
Institute of
Volcanology
and Seismology

50
D. TSUNAMI

As shown in Map 12, Masbate City has a potential; locally generated prone to
tsunamis. but there are no records of tsunami events. The map shows the tsunami
prone areas in the Philippines.

Map 12 - Tsunami prone areas in the Philippines

Source: DOST – PHILVOCS

51
2.1.1.1.4 LAND USE AND ZONING

SITE 1

Figure 2.4

LAND USE MAP WITH SITE

SITE 2
Site 1 belongs to Tourism and
Recreation Zone while Site 2 belongs
to Special Ecotourism Zone.

SITE 1

Figure 2.5

ZONING MAP WITH SITE

SITE 2
Site 1 belongs to Tourism and Recreation
Zone while Site 2 belongs to Special
Ecotourism Zone.

52
 2.1.1.1.6 CATCHMENT AREA

SITE 2 – MARINE SANCTUARY

Site 1 is located at the western portion of Barangay Nursery and Barangay Tugbo. The
southeast portion of Masbate City is the most visible view from the Marine Sanctuary,
Barangay Mobo on the southwest, Ticao Island on the northeast.

SITE 1

SITE 2

Figure 2.6 – Location of Site 1 from the City Proper

53
 SITE 1 – ENTRY PORT

Figure 2.7 – Catchment Area for Entry Port

54
2.1.1.1.7 UTILITY SYSTEM

1. Electricity

 The Masbate Electric Cooperative (MASELCO) under the supervision of

the National Electrification Administration (NEA) is the primary power
distributor in Masbate City. Access to electricity expanded from 17
barangays in 2000 to all 30 barangays in 2008. In 2009, MASELCO served
45.49% of total households or about 8,623 out of the 18,957 households.

2. Water Supply

 The public water supply systems are categorized into three service levels,
namely: Levels I, II, and III.
 The Bureau of Public Works constructed Masbate’s water supply system in
1929, carried out rehabilitation works in 1957 to 1975, and transferred the
system to the then Municipal Government of Masbate in 1977.

3. Telephone

 Masbate is served by PLDT (PILTEL), RCPI and PT&T. PLDT operates

the only landline in the province. As of 2001, there are 2,520 subscribers.
Its Meridian Switch equipment is capable of servicing NDD/IDD (National
Direct Dialing /International Direct Dialing) calls, fax and e-mail
transmissions. There are 120 toll circuits that is capable of handling 3-party
conference, abbreviated dialing, speed dialing, malicious call trace, and call
barring. Expansion plans include: 2,000 additional landlines and 1,500 lines
for wireless phone.

55
  PT&T is equipped with a SAGEM machine handling a monthly average of 100
incoming and outgoing messages. Services offered are long distance calls,
telegram, moneygram, faxgram, and regalogram.

Telephone Capacity/ Total Telephone

Year/Area
Exchange Telephone Lines Connections Density

2003 1 2,000 1,987 0.265

2004 1 2,000 1,987 0.259

2005 1 4,000 1,309 0.508

2006 1 4,000 1,309 0.498

2007 1 2,000 1,987 0.244

Table 2.7 - Masbate Telephone Distribution (Telephone Density per 100 Population), 2003-
2007 Source: National Telecommunications Commission

2.1.1.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

A. DEMOGRAPHY

Population, Distribution and Density

 The National Statistics Office places the household population of

Masbate City, the provincial capital, at 81,212 in 2007. Contributing
10.6% to the provincial population of 768,082, the city is consistently the
most populous among the lone city and 20 municipalities of Masbate. It
is followed by the municipalities of Aroroy (8.1%), Cawayan (7.8%),
Uson (6.6%), and Cataingan, Placer, and Milagros with 6.3% each. The
rest of the municipalities contributed less than 6% each. The municipality
of Batuhan was the least populous with 1.6% share to the total provincial
population.

56
Population Distribution by Barangays in Masbate City

 Barangay Nursery has the highest population among all barangays,

followed by Ibingay and Espinosa as shown in Fig. 2.7. All three are
within the urban area, reinforcing the primacy of urban barangays over
rural sections of the city.
 In terms of size, JT Fernandez has the largest household size, followed
by Kinamaligan and Nursery.

Figure 2.7 – Total Population Per Barangay, 2007

Source: National Statistics Office

57
Population Density

 Similarly, the urban barangays have the highest densities in the city. While the
average population density is only 4.34, this belies the large disparity in land areas
among the barangays, particularly the large tracts of land in rural barangays versus
the small area covered by urban barangays. High concentrations of people are
located in the latter, while the rest of the city remains largely unoccupied.

Table 2.8 – Population Density

Source: National Statistics Office

58
Population by Age Group, Sex and Ratio

 Masbate City has an expansive population, with a striking majority belonging to the
younger age groups, particularly 0-19 years old.
 The population on the average is split equally by gender, tipping slightly toward the
female population with a sex ratio of 99.85. However, the female population exceeds
the male population remarkably as age increases, with as few as 56 males per 100
females in the 80 and above age group (Fig. 2.8 and Table 2.9) - Total Population
by Age and Sex, Masbate City.

Fig. 2.7– Population Structure (Age-Sex), Source: CLUP

Table 2.8 – Population Structure (Age-Sex), Source: CLUP

Labor Force and Dependence

59
 As of 2007, 46,307 or 57% of Masbate City’s population belongs to the labor
force (15 years old and above). However, only 43,214 or 53% are of working
age (15-64). The rest belongs to the old dependent population.
 Moreover, almost half of the entire population is considered dependent.

Fig. 2.8 – Working and Dependent Population

Source: Ecological Profile of Masbate City

60
3. Education

 There are 7,949 or 21% of residents 20 years old and above have received academic
degrees, with females taking the edge over males. The male population only
exceeded the female population in the elementary level as shown in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9 – Highest Educational Attainment

Source: CLUP

Fig. 2.9 – Household Population by Highest Educational Attainment

Source: CLUP

61
 4. Tourism

The province of Masbate ranked as the 11th major tourism

destination in the country in 2009. The bulk of arrivals were domestic tourists
comprising more or less 87 percent of total in 2009 and 98 percent in 2008.
Growth rate for domestic tourists fell by 17.6 percent between 2008 and 2009
but foreign arrivals grew by 513.1 percent.

The idyllic land and pristine waters of Masbate City combine a

unique blend of a relaxing ecosystem well suited for ecotourism. The City’s
natural features and defined topographic characteristics provide an
experience for any adventurers looking beyond the ordinary. Its coastline is
lined with sea grasses, mangroves and corals complemented with lush green
forests, diverse flora and fauna and a mix of cultural and heritage sites unique
to its own. Coupled with Masbate City’s location as gateway of Luzon to
bridge Cebu, Panay Islands (Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo and Guimaras),
Romblon, Samar, Leyte and Bicol, it is the perfect jump-off point for tourism
convergence.

The 2011–2016 Philippine Development Plan (PDP) cites that

foreign visitor arrivals in the Philippines grew at an average of 8.21% for the
past 6 years from 2.29 million in 2004 to 3.01 million in 2009 in the midst
of global and national economic, political and social upheavals. (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1 – Visitor Arrivals in ASEAN Countries, 2004-2009

62
 The Bicol Region ranked second in 2010 as the top tourist destination in the
country surpassing Central Visayas, Western Visayas and the National Capital
Region for local and foreign tourists alike. Within Bicol Region, Naga City,
Camarines Sur and Legaspi City, Albay garnered the lion’s share of 2,330,116 or
about 75% of the total 3,122,156 tourist arrivals in the region. Masbate Province
ranked third registering 160,584 tourist arrivals or 5% of the total share. The figure
is 7% lower than what the province registered in the previous year’s record of
172,242. (Table 3.2)

Table 3.2 – Number of Tourists per Province

Bicol Region Number of Tourist Percentage of the

(Provinces) (2010) Total Share

Legaspi City, Albay 2,330,116 75%

Masbate 160,584 5%

Camarines Sur, Naga, Sorsogon,

631,456 20%
Catarman, Iriga, Virac, Daet

Source: Department of Tourism – Region V

Given its potential for ecotourism growth and its distinctive tourist
destinations and well-established tourist support facilities, Masbate City has the
capacity to be a leader in ecotourism.

63
B. CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

Language

 The people speak predominantly Bikol, Masbateño (or Minasbate, the language
unique to the province), some Visayan languages with a unique mixture of Tagalog
and some shades of Hiligaynon (sometimes also known as Ilonggo). 26% of the
population of Masbate province speak Cebuano.

Festivals

 Aside from ecotourism spots, Masbate City hosts three major festivals as shown in
Table 3.3 and the frequency and duration of Activities as shown in Table 3.4.

Table 3.3 – Three Major Festivals in Masbate City, Source: CLUP

Festivals Location Description

Pagdayao, in the Masbateño dialect, loosely

translates to the act of praising, honoring, and
thanksgiving. The event manifests the
religiosity of the Masbate people, a trait most
Bicolanos are noted for. The festival coincides
Masbate
Pagdayao Festival with the annual fiesta of Masbate in honour of
City
St. Anthony de Padua every 13th of June.
Among the highlights include Historico-
Cultural Street Presentation depicting the
town’s past, Agro-Industrial Fair, Sports
Tournament, and the Search for Miss Masbate.

It is celebrated annually during the City

anniversary every September. This event
highlights the traditional folkdance created by
Lapay Bantigue Dance Masbate “Lola Felisa” imitating the graceful movement
Festival City of the seagull locally known as “lapay” and the
harmonious relationship it has created to the
lives of the fisher folks. The dance has evolved
and is now recognized by the Cultural Centre

64
 of the Philippines as one of the official
folkdances of the country.

It is celebrated annually during the month of

April. This festival showcases 10 competitive
rodeo events for participating schools and
professionals in both men’s and women’s
Masbate divisions. Highlighting the event is the “figure
Rodeo Masbateño
City of eight” competition where the cowboy criss-
crosses around a group of barrels. Women
participate in the heart stopping events like
calf wrestling, bull riding, calf lassoing and
carambola.

Table 3.4 – Cultural and Tourism Activities or Festivals, Source: CPDO

Activity Frequency of Activity Duration of Activity

Rodeo Masbateño Yearly (April) 1 week

Pagdayao Fiesta Yearly (June) 1 week

Lapay Bantigue Yearly (September) 1 week

Fig. 3.1 – Rodeo Festival Fig. 3.2 – Lapay Bantigue

Source: CLUP and Retrieved from http://gobicolandia.com/festivals/masbate-rodeo-festival/

65
 2.1.1.3 Macro Site Analysis Table

The table shows the Macro Site Analysis based on the data and information
presented, the effect to the project and the design approaches to be used.
Site Analysis
Macro Site Analysis

Physical Qualities and Site Effect Design Approach

Condition Analysis

The winds that prevail most during Unmanageable wind Position the fenestrations
the year are those from the coming from the northeast depending on the wind
northeast-northeast, north-northeast,
Location of the direction to achieve
Wind

and west-west-northwest.
fenestrations of the doors, maximum natural and
windows and other cross ventilation inside
openings of the building the structure

The figures shows the path, the daily The position and Since the location is open
total of sunshine duration, average orientation of the structure and there is an absence of
time for sunrise, sunset, location, according to the sun path shaded areas, the use of
elevation and azimuth of the sun landscaping and sun
Sun

shading devices should be

incorporated in the design
to achieve the users
comfort

The driest months are from Ventilation and cooling Provide large openings or
February to May. for of the structure. windows in the structure
Moisture/Humidity

for cross and natural

ventilation.
The area is not prone to flood and The elevation of the The structure should be
but it is near the shoreline buffer structure on stilts

66
 The figure shows that the highest There would be a severe Incorporate passive
Temperature average maximum temperature are exposure of the sun and it cooling to reduce the
during the months of April and May will have an impact on the thermal heat inside the
(summer) ranges between 34-40° design of building, building that could cause
Celsius. discomfort to the users.

As shown in the slope map, the site Stability or steadiness of The area is not prone to
has a level or nearly level slope. the structure soil erosion
Slope

No cut and fill

The type of soil in the area is Bolinao The type of soil will Since the Bolinao Clay
Clay Loam determine if the area is Loam is well drained, it is
Soil

prone to erosion not prone to erosion and is

buildable

Horizontal Development Buildings can be spread

out since there was no
recorded earthquake or
tsunami in the area so
Earthquake

far.
Structural System Consider structures that
are built on stilts since
the area (Site 1) is in the
seawaters

The site is near the sea and the fault Materials used in the Minimize the use of
line lies in the sea, the area is prone structures lightweight materials
to tsunamis.
Tsunami

There has been no cased so far of Level of structures Resiliency of the design
tsunamis in the area of the structures

Foundation and structural Structures must be on

support of the building stilts

67
2.1.2 MICRO SITE ANALYSIS

2.1.4.2.1 SIZE OF LOT

 The sites were provided by the City Government of Masbate. The client
provided two sites given in the figures below. The Marine Sanctuary will be
redeveloped (see special requirements) while the entry port will serve as
dock for boats that will transfer tourists to and from the marine sanctuary;
facilities will also be placed there including a mini museum for the tourists
– showcasing the different marine species and coral reef formations of the
sanctuary. (see Figure 3.3)

Figure 3.3 – Size and Shape of Lot

68
2.1.4.2.1 SHAPE OF LOT
The shape of the sites are both irregular. (See Figure 3.3)

2.1.4.2.2 TOPOGRAPHY
 The slope of Site 1 is level to nearly level with 0 to 3 percent slope.

Map 13 – Topography Map of Masbate City

Source: NAMRIA

 Site 2 has an unidentified slope. The Buntod Sandbar submerges into the
ocean for about 0.2-0.8 meters during high tide and during low tide the
sandbar rises and is 3-10 meters wide.

69
 Figure 3.4 – Buntod Sandbar during high and low tide

D. Orientation
The Site 1 (Marine Sanctuary) is oriented at the western portion of Barangay Tugbo
and Barangay Nursery. The Site 2 (Entry Port) is oriented southwest facing Nursery
Boulevard.

Sun Path and Wind Analysis

The figures below are the building shadows from different time frame that
shows the direct sunlight to the building.

Building Shadow at 9am Building Shadow at 12nn Building Shadow at 3pm

Figure 3.5 – Building Shadows of the Existing Structure

 The annual mean temperature in Masbate City is 29.5° C.

 The dry season occurs form February to May.

70
  As shown in Figure 3.6, the wind direction is from the northeast and southwest.
(amihan and habagat)

SITE 1

Figure 3.6 –
Prevailing Wind
SITE 2

G. Existing Features on the Lot

Vegetation
 As shown in Figure 3.7, both sites have the same genus of existing
vegetation, Mangroves. Site 1 has an existing communal hut while Site 2 has
no existing structures, only a mangrove forest.

71
Figure 3.7 – Vegetation Map with Exiting Site Development Plan

72
H. Boundaries

Site 1 (Marine Sanctuary)

The site is surrounded by seawaters located at the western portion of
Barangay Nursery and Barangay Tugbo, Masbate City. On the northeast are
the coral reefs and mangroves and on the south to southwest is the end of the
sandbar.

Site 2 (Entry Port)

The site is located adjacent to the major road, Nursery Boulevard and
near a minor road, Celestina Road. It is near the Masbate Airport on the
southwest and several beach resort and hotels, such as Lazala Beach Resort
on the northwest, Rendezvous Resort, West Wind Beach Resort and MG
Hotel on the southeast.

I. Nature of Bounding Street

 Nursery Boulevard is bounded by a 2 lane road adjacent to Brgy. Ibingay, Brgy.

Espinosa and through a 5 meter minor road which is the Celestina Road
connecting Brgy. Nursery. Celestina Road is slightly rough and bumpy for small
type of vehicles while the Nursery Boulevard is smooth for any type of vehicles
though small parts of the road still needs repair. (Figure 3.8)

Figure 3.8 –
Nature of
Bounding
Streets

73
J. Location of Utilities and Point of Entry to Site

The figure shows the location of the utilities and the points of entry to the site. The
entrance could be at both ends, the northwest and southeast part adjacent to the major road.

Figure 3.9 - Location of Utilities and Point of Entry to Site

74
K. Environmental Conditions

1. View
 The surrounding view of the marine
sanctuary is mostly crystal clear water
and from a distance, a panorama of
landscapes featuring the shorelines of
Masbate City.
 Since certain parts of Nursery Boulevard
are still to be developed.
 The Mayon Volcano can also be seen
from in some parts of Masbate and also in
the marine sanctuary during clear skies.
 There are also linear arrangement of
restaurants, hotels and resort nearby, also
residential structures are also present.
 A view of the of Masbate Airport runway

2. Noise
 Most of the noises that can be heard from the marine sanctuary are usually
from the motor boats and tourists.
 Noise coming from the road, private and public vehicles and tricycles.
 Noise coming from Masbate Airport.

3. Traffic
 There have been no recorded traffic in the area
 This could be depending on the wave current that would affect the
transporting boat

75
4. Accessibility

 The marine sanctuary can be accessed through

a 15-20 minutes motor boat ride with the
assistance of a trained personnel.
 The site can be accessed on both ends of the
sites.
 The area is along the main road and can be
reached by tricycles, cars and other public or
private vehicles.

5. Urban Form

 The existing facility is elevated at around 3

meters from the sea level at low tide and
around 2 meters at high tide and the floor to
ceiling height is around 4 meters.
 The use of lightweight materials, thatched
roof, coco, buri and bamboos are the
primary materials used in its construction.
 The structures around the site are from low-
rise to medium-rise buildings.
 Existing structures around the area are
residential and commercial establishments,
such as restaurants, hotels and resort.

76
 2.1.2.1 Site Analysis Table

The table shows the Micro Site Analysis based on the data and information
presented, the effect to the project and the design approaches to be used.
Site Analysis
Micro Site Analysis
Physical Qualities and Effect Design Approach
Conditions of the Site
Location / Vicinity The location is accessible to To design a facade that is
SITE 1

all users since it is located appealing to the users.

alongside the main road
The marine sanctuary can be To design a port that has an
accessed through the entry appropriate length to be
SITE 2

port, tourists can be able to dock the boats.

transferred through boat
Size of Lot The area of both sites are The development of the area
BOTH SITES

extensive and are wide can be spread but taking in

enough for future consideration of the existing
developments vegetation in the area.

Topography The arrangement of the The structure can be placed

BOTH SITES

buildings in the terrain without the

problem of erosion on the
area.
Orientation The position of the building, The location of the
fenestrations and canopies fenestrations will be at the
northeastern and
BOTH SITES

southwestern part to allow

the prevailing winds
circulate inside the building
and for natural and cross
ventilation.

77
 The canopies and other sun
shading elements will be
placed in the eastern and
western part to prevent
direct contact from the
sunlight.

Direction of Approach Visibility of the facade to the Since the facade of the lot is
from Street SITE 2 road lengthy, entrances will be
placed on both ends of the
lot.
Existing Features on the Elevation of the structure To design an elevated or on
BOTH SITES

Lot since the area is surrounded stilts structures.

by seawaters
Boundaries The airport, restaurants, To design an attractive and
SITE 1

small stores, hotels and appealing entrance to attract

resorts are near the area. more tourists.
Nature of Bounding The Nursery Boulevard can The location of the
Street be accessed by all kinds entrances will be placed on
SITE 1

public and private vehicles northwestern and

southeastern part of the lot
for Site 2.
Utilities The service entrance for the For site 1, there is no
sewage, drainage, sewage system present in
electrical/communication the area, thus implementing
SITE 1

and water line a sewage treatment plant

with the approval of the
government and DENR.
Installation of solar panels
SITE 2

Placed the line of utilities

near the existing utilities.

78
CHAPTER 2.1.4.3 SWOT Analysis Matrix
The table shows the SWOT Analysis to determine what strategy or solution works
bests for the weakness, strengths, opportunities and threats.
SWOT ANALYSIS
OPPORTUNITIES STRATEGIES
The terrain is relatively There is no need for cut Since the site is flat the
flat and fill in the site site planning would not
be affected
The site is adjacent to The visibility of the site to An enticing gate/facade of
the major road the major road can draw the entry port to attract
tourists visitors and tourists
The major road can be The road is passable to all
accessed by all nearby kinds of land
STRENGTHS

communities transportations
The site is near the Draw the incoming Signage and stand up
airport and seaport tourists advertisements for
tourists to see
The site is not prone to The location of the World class facilities in
soil erosion, flooding structures will not be the marine sanctuary and
and landslides affected entry port that will make
it stand out from other
establishments through its
architectural design and
form concept
THREATS STRATEGIES
There are There is a competition of Provide facilities that
aren’t offered on rival
WEAKNESSES

establishments in the the target market.

entry port, such as establishments and make
hotels, restaurants thus the design approach
creating rivalry unique.
between them.

79
 Located at the
coastline/shoreline (Site 2)
Unmaintained full grown
mangroves
WEAKNESSES
There is a deficient
availability of utilities for
Site 1
The site is bounded by
seawaters (Site 1)
Structures at a low level
can affect the structure
during high tide
The mangroves spreads out Recycle mangroves and
if not maintained and may
cause problem in the
walkway or point of entries
to the site
This may not achieve the
needs of the users
The area is prone to wave
surge and other water
calamities
Buffer zones on areas
prone to tidal current or
wave surges
use them as construction
materials
Use alternative utilities,
such as solar power
installation and sewage
treatment plant
Provide materials and
architectural aesthetic
strategies that can resist or
bear with the
environmental factors
surrounding the area.
80
2.1.3.1 User Analysis

Demographic Data of Expected Users (Provincial)

The current population is estimated to increase further at an average
growth rate of 1.85% annually. Given this rate and following the historical
growth and current trends, the city’s population would break the 100,000
mark in less than ten years. (Table 3.5)

Year Total Population Annual Increase

2007 81,585 0
2008 83,094 1509
2009 84,631 1537
2010 86,197 1566
2011 87,793 1595
2012 89,417 1624
2013 91,071 1654
2014 92,756 1685

Year Projected Annual Population Projected Annual Increase

2015 94,472 1716

2016 96,220 1748
2017 98,000 1780
2018 99,813 1813
2019 101,660 1847
2020 103, 541 1881
2021 105,457 1916
2022 107,408 1951
2023 109,395 1987
2024 111, 421 2024
2025 113,482 2061

Table 3.5 - Projected Annual Population, Province of Masbate, 2015-2025

Source: National Statistics Office

81
Sample Computation:

Formulas: PI = P2 - P1 PPI = P2 (PI)

P1 PAI = P2 + PPI

Where:

PI = Average Percentage Increase PAI = Projected Annual Population

P1 = Previous Annual Population PPI = Projected Population Increase
P2 = Current Annual Population

By using the formula PI = P2 - P1 to get the Average Percentage Increase

P1
Population of 2007 and 2008:
Given Year Annual Population
P1 2007 81,858
P2 2008 83,094

PI = P2 - P1 = 83,094 – 81,858 = 0.0185 or 1.85% (continue computing year 2008-

P1 81,858 2025)

 The Average Percentage Increase will be 0.0185 or 1.85%

By projection: Year 2015 Population

By using the formula PPI = P2 (PI) to get the Projected Population Increase
PPI = P2 (PI) = 92,756 (0.0185) = 1,716

By using the formula PAI = P + PPI to get the Projected Annual Population
PAI = P2 + PPI = 92,756 + 1,716 = 94,472 (continue computing for the year
2016 to 2025)

 The Total Projected Annual Population for the year 2015 is 94,472

82
 Figure 4.1 - Projected Annual Population, 2010-2020
Source: National Statistics Office

Demographic Data of Expected Users (Municipal)

The population of each barangay for the planning period (2010-2020)

has been projected, based on the population participation rate of each
barangay as of 2007.

83
 Data shows that if the population distribution remains as it is, urban
barangays such as Nursery, Tugbo, Ibingay, Kinamaligan and Espinosa will
continue to increase in population and likewise in density. The sites, bounded
by Barangay Nursery will have a Projected Population of 13,352 and
Barangay Tugbo with 6,776 in the year 2020. (Table 3.6)

Table 3.6 - Projected Population by Barangay, 2007-2020

Source: National Statistics Office

84
Demographic Data of Expected Users: Foreign Tourist (National)

Figure 4.2 below shows the foreign visitor arrivals, profile and travel characteristics
to the Philippines for the year 2010 and 2011.

Figure 4.2 – Visitor Arrival, Visitor Profile and Travel Characteristics, 2010/2011

Figure 4.3 below shows the domestic travel statistics for the year 2010.

85
Figure 4.3 – Domestic Travel Statistics, 2010
Demographic Data of Expected Users: Foreign Tourist (Regional)

Table 3.7 shows the number of travelers in Region V. The most number of travelers are
from East Asia and USA and having a percentage of 4.51% of the total number of travelers
in the Philippines.

Table 3.7 - Distribution of Travelers in Region V for year 2006

Country of Residence Region V Country of Residence Region V
Brunei 0 Austria 0
Cambodia 0 Belgium 0
Indonesia 203 Denmark 0
Laos 0 Finland 0
ASEAN

Malaysia 243 France 695

Myanmar 0 Germany 2,140
Europe

Singapore 616 Italy 548

Thailand 324 Netherlands 0
Vietnam 0 Norway 0
China 1,165 Spain 0
Hong Kong 301 Sweden 0
East - Asia

Japan 4,939 Switzerland 612

Korea 1,952 United Kingdom 1,775
Taiwan 1,104 Others/Unspecified Residences 4,486
0 31,153
South Asia

India Total Foreign Travelers

Canada 1,268 Overseas Filipinos 18,151

America

6,023 49,304
North

USA Sub-Total

Australia 2,351 Total Domestic Travelers 587,823

Oceania

New Zealand 0 Grand Total 637,127

86
 408
Middle
East
Saudi Arabia Total Percentage of Share 4.15%

Source: Department Of Tourism – Regional Office

Demographic Data of Expected Users: Local and Foreign Tourist (Provincial)

Table 3.8 shows the Distribution of Regional Travelers or Arrival by Province in the
Philippines, also showing the number of travelers in each of the provinces in Region V.
Masbate Province had 124,530 tourists in January to September 2010, ranking 3rd in the
highest number of tourists in Bicol Region.

Table 3.8 – Distribution of Regional Travelers in the Philippines

Province Domestic Foreign Total
Albay/Legazpi 144,606 90,956 235,562
Camarines Norte 80,429 6,702 87,131
Camarines Sur/Naga City 1,569,109 310,083 1,879, 192
Catanduanes 19,569 46,989 66,558
Masbate 122,940 1,590 124,530
Sorsogon 62,494 25,443 87,937
Total 1,999,147 481,763 2,480,910
Source: Department of Tourism – Regional

Given its potential for ecotourism growth and its distinctive tourist
destinations and well-established tourist support facilities, Masbate City has the
capacity to be a leader in ecotourism.

Primary Users – Local and Foreign Tourist

Masbate City is home to so many top tourists’ destinations, such as beach

resorts, mangrove parks, marine sanctuaries etc. The tourist have always been
considering to have a diverse or innovative experience on their travels and adventure
to such destinations. In order to meet the expectations of those tourists and to attain
an established marine sanctuary, the design of the facilities should speak for itself
and must be innovative and appealing so that it can attract more tourists.

87
2.1.3.2 Organizational Structure

88
2.1.5 Laws/Ordinances

2.1.5.1 Zoning Ordinance for the City of Masbate

Section 4 – General Zoning Principles

This Zoning Regulations is based on the approved Revised Comprehensive

Land Use Plan as per Resolution No. 061-12, dated August 07, 2012 for
the City of Masbate.

1. This Ordinance reflects the city’s vision: “By the Year 2020, the County’s
Marine Sanctuary with a sustainably improved economy, clean and green
environment, disciplined and productive Masbateños governed by a
participatory, proactive and responsive leadership.”
2. The Ordinance encourages the establishment of zones wherein land can be
utilized to its maximum beneficial use keeping in pace with their present
growth pattern but without compromising the harmonious relations and
compatible mixed uses for the benefit of present and future generations.
3. The subdivision of the city into zones identifies the dominant activity
while automatically allowing for complementary activities that are
sustainable within the zone and prohibiting those activities not in
harmony;
4. Zone and district regulations are adopted as management tools necessary
to provide an overall development guidance system to the city; and

The Ordinance encourages the mutual cooperation of the local government

and the public and private sectors towards the sustained development of
the city.

89
Zone Classification of the Site and Definition of Term of the zone based on
Article III and 4

Site 1 (Special Eco-Tourism Zone or SEZ) – zone allotted for ecotourism

purposes such as mangrove development and reforestation allowable for
stilted structures made of light materials.

Site 2 (Tourism and Recreational Zone or TRZ) – areas potential for tourism.
This includes hotel, disco, videoke bars, day and nightclub and the like.

Article V – Zone Regulations

Section 24 - Use Regulations in Tourism and Recreational Zone

No tourism project or tourist related activities shall be allowed in tourist zones

unless developed or undertaken in accordance with the Department of
Tourism (DOT) guidelines and standards and granted approval by the
tourism estate department of DOT.

A. Allowed Uses:
1. Parks/gardens
2. Resort areas e.g. beaches, including accessory uses
3. Open air or outdoor sports activities and support facilities, including low
rise stadia, gyms, amphitheaters and swimming pools
4. Ball courts, race tracks and similar uses
5. Sports Club
6. Hotel and Recreational building
7. Computer Gaming, billiards hall and other similar recreational activities
8. Day and night clubs and the like
Section 25 - Use Regulations in Special Eco-Tourism Zone

A. Allowed Uses:

1. Mangrove reforestation
2. Stilt structures made of light materials Institutional area

B. Non-allowable/Non-conforming uses

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1. Open air or outdoor sports activities and support facilities, including low
rise stadia, gym, amphitheaters and swimming uses;
2. Ball courts, race tracks and similar pools
3. Sports Club
4. Hotel and recreational building
5. Computer gaming, billiards hall and other similar recreational activities
6. Day and night clubs and the like

Article VI - General District Regulation

Section 31 – Height Restriction

Building Height Limits (BHL), Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Setback
requirements must conform with the height restrictions and requirements
of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), the National
Building Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations, Structural Code of the Philippines and other rules and
regulations related to land development and building construction.

Exempted from the imposition of height regulations in residential zones are

the following: towers, church steeples, water tanks and other utilities and
such other structures not covered by the height regulations of the
National Building Code and the Air Transportation Office.

Provided that the Building Height Limit (BHL) for Tourism and Recreation
Zone (TRZ) shall be limited to (3) three storey.

Provided that a “No Physical Structure Development” in the Ecological

Protection Zone (EPZ) shall be imposed as a restriction from corner
Ibingay Street to Nursery Street except those titled property.

Section 32 – Area Regulations

Area regulation in all zones shall conform with the minimum requirement of
the existing codes such as:

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1. P.D. 957 - the “Subdivision and Condominium Buyers’ Protective Law.”
and its revised implementing rules and regulations.
2. B.P. 220 - “Promulgation of Different Levels of Standards and Technical
Requirements for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects” and its
revised implementing rules and regulations.
3. P.D. 1096 - National Building Code
4. Fire Code of the Philippines
5. Sanitation Code of the Philippines
6. Plumbing Code of the Philippines
7. Structural Code of the Philippines
8. Executive Order No. 648
9. HLURB Guidelines for Subdivisions re farm lots, memorial garden,
industrial estates, etc.
10. Other relevant guidelines promulgated by the national agencies
concerned.

Section 33 – Road Setback Regulations

Unless otherwise specified in this ordinance, road setback regulation shall be

per the requirements of the National Building Code. This Ordinance,
however, prohibits abutments on any property line fronting any road or
street.

Property owners shall observe the setback requirements annotated in their

respective Transfer Certificates of Titles (TCTs).

1. Parking

a. Parking requirements shall be per minimum standards of the National

Building Code and Batas Pambansa Blg. 344, the Accessibility Law.
b. Parking areas and slots shall be clearly marked in order to provide
sufficient guidance to the users and passers-by alike; signs shall be
unobtrusive but shall clearly define entry and exit points.
c. Parking spaces shall have distinct entry and exit points and shall, to the
extent possible, be buffered from the sidewalk by visual barriers such as
planting strips.

92
d. There shall be a distinct delineation between sidewalks and parking spaces
and the latter shall in no case occupy spaces allotted to the former.
e. Open and unlandscaped parking lots are discouraged. Should open-lot
parking be provided, these shall be so landscaped to have a park-like
character.

2. Landscaping

a. All large-scale development proposals shall be accompanied by a

landscaping plan for review and approval of the City Architect.
b. Each large-scale development is required to plant at least three (3) trees
within their premises.

Local Ordinances

a. Ordinance No. 021-02 (July 10, 2002) “An Ordinance Establishing Marine
Sanctuary within the city waters of the City of Masbate” Purpose:
 to manage the coastal and fishery resources of the City of
Masbate, in a manner consistent with the principle of CRM, to
protect and manage city waters, its coastal and fisheries resources
for the enjoyment and benefits of the city fishers in perpetuity, to
enhance people’s participation in the management of the coastal
and fishery resources of the city.
b. Resolution No. 073-02 (May 22, 2002) “Resolution accrediting the
Samahan ng Mangingisda ng Masbate, incorporated”
c. Resolution No. 114-02 (Oct. 16, 2002) “Resolution requesting the DENR
Attn: Bureau of Lands and the National Land State Authority, the
reservation of all foreshore areas within the urban expansion zone and
ecological development zone in coastal barangays of Bagumbayan, and
Espinosa. Ecological Development zone in Barangay Ibingay and
Barangay Nursery within the urban expansion zone and ecological
development zone for growth and development of the city in accordance
with its comprehensive land use plan, subject to existing laws prior to the
enactment of the comprehensive land use plan of the City of Masbate”

Presidential Degree No. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines

93
 Fire and Fire Resistive Standards - these laws mainly encompass the
minimum requirements on how to make a building structurally viable and
safe. It speaks of the materials, the abutments, fire exits, sprinklers and
extinguisher and the like.

2.1.5.2 Rule VII – Classification and General Requirements of Buildings by Use or

Occupancy

Group A - Residential
Division A - 1 residential buildings for exclusive use of single family
occupants
1. Indigenous family dwelling units

2. single-detached units

3. school or company staff housing

4. church rectories

5. single family dwellings

6. churches or similar places of worship

7. community facilities and social centers

8. parks, playgrounds, pocket parks, parkways, promenades and

playlots

9. clubhouses and recreational uses such as golf courses, tennis courts

operated by the government or private individuals as membership
organizations for the benefit of their members, families and guests.

Division A-2 residential buildings for the exclusive use of non-leasing

occupants not exceeding 10 persons
1. single-attached or duplex or townhouse, each privately owned

2. School dormitories (on-campus)

3. Convents and monasteries

94
 4. Military or pocket barracks

5. All uses in Division A-1

6. pre-schools, elementary and high schools with not more than 16

classrooms
7. Outpatient clinics, family planning clinics, lying-in clinics,
diagnostic clinics, medical and clinical laboratories

8. Branch library and museum

9. steam/dry cleaning outlets

10. Party needs and accessories

Group B – Residential (Buildings/Structures, Hotels and Apartments)

Division B-1
1. All uses in Divisions A-1 and A-2

2. Leased single detached dwelling unit, cottage with more than one
independent unit and duplexes

3. boarding and lodging houses

4. multiple housing units for lease or for sale

5. townhouses, each privately owned

6. boarding houses

7. accessories, rowhouses, townhouses, tenements and apartments

8. multiple privately-owned condominium

9. hotels, motels, inns, pension houses and apartels

10. private or off-campus dormitories

11. elementary schools and highschools not more than 20 classrooms

Group C – Education and Recreation

Division C-I
1. amusement halls and parlors

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 2. massage and sauna parlors

3. health studios and reducing salons

4. billiard halls, pool rooms, bowling alleys and golf club

5. dancing schools, disco parks, dance and amusement hall

6. gymnasia, pelota courts and sports complex

Division C-2
1. educational institutions like schools, colleges, universities,
vocational, seminaries, convents, including school auditoriums,
gymnasia, reviewing stands, little theaters, concert halls, opera houses

2. seminar/workshop facilities

3. training centers/facilities

4. libraries, museums, exhibition halls and art galleries

5. civic centers, clubhouses, lodges, community centers

6. churches, mosque, temples, shrines, chapels and similar places of

worship

7. civic or government centers

8. other types of government buildings

Group D – Government and Health Services (Institutional)

Division D-I ( institutional where personal liberties of inmates are

restrained or quarters of those rendering public assistance and maintaining
peace and order)
1. mental hospitals, sanitaria and mental asylums

2. police and fire stations, guard houses

3. jails, prisons, reformatories and correctional institutions

96
 4. rehabilitation centers

5. leprosaria and quarantine station

Division D-2 (institutional buildings for health care)

1. hospitals, sanitaria and homes for the aged

2. nurseries for children of kindergarten age or non-ambulatory patients

accommodating more than 5 persons
Division D-3 (institutional for ambulatory patients or children over
kindergarten age)
1. nursing homes for ambulatory patients

2. school and home for children over kindergarten age

3. orphanages

Group E – Business and Mercantile (Commercial)

Division E-I (business and mercantile where no work is done except change
of parts and maintenance requiring no open flames, welding or use of
highly flammable liquids)
1. all uses in Division B-1

2. gasoline filling and station

3. storage garage and boat storage

4. commercial garage and parking buildings, display for cars, tractors,

etc.

5. bus and railways depots and terminals and offices

6. port facilities

7. airports and heliport facilities

8. all other types of transportation complexes

9. all other types of large complexes for public services

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 10. pawnshops, money shops, photo and portrait studios,
shoeshine/repair stands, retail drugstores, tailoring and dress shops

11. bakeshops and bakery goods stores

12. construction supplies and building materials such as electrical and

electronic stores, plumbing supply stores

Division E-2 (business and mercantile in nature)

1. wholesale and retail stores

2. shopping centers, malls and supermarkets

3. wet and dry markets

4. restaurants, drinking and dining establishments with less than one

hundred occupancies

5. day and night clubs, bars, cocktails

Division E-3 (business and mercantile where no repair work is done except
exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flames, welding or
use of highly flammable liquid)
1. aircraft hangars

2. commercial parking lots and garages

3. department stores, shopping malls

Group F – Industrial (Non-Pollutive/Non-Hazardous Industries and Non-

Pollutive/Hazardous Industries)
Division F-1 (Light industrial)

Group G – Storage and Hazardous Industrial (Pollutive/Non-Hazardous

Industries and Pollutive/Hazardous Industries only)
Division G-1 (Medium Industrial which shall include storage and handling
of hazardous and highly flammable materials)
Division G-2 (Medium Industrial buildings for storage and handling of
flammable materials)

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Division G-3 (Medium Industrial buildings for wood working activities,
paper cardboard manufacturers, textile and garment factories)
Division G-4 (Medium Industrial, for repair garages and engine
manufacture)
Division G-5 (Medium Industrial for aircraft facilities)

Group H – Assembly for Less than 1,000 (Cultural and/or recreational)

Division H-1 (Recreational, which are assembly buildings with stage and
having an occupant load of less than 1,000.
1. Theaters and auditoriums

2. concert hall and opera houses

3. convention halls

4. little theater, audio-visual room

Division H-2 (Recreational which are assembly buildings with stage and
having an occupant load of 300 or more)
1. dance halls, cabarets, ballrooms

2. skating rinks

3. cockfighting areas

Division H-3 (Recreational which are assembly buildings with stage and
having an occupant load of less than 300)
1. dance halls, ballrooms
2. skating rinks

Division H-4 (Recreational, tourism estate developments or tourism-

oriented establishments)
1. Sports stands
2. Reviewing stands
3. Grandstands and bleachers
4. Covered amusement parks
5. Boxing arenas, jai-alai stadiums

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 6. race tracks and hippodromes
7. All types of resort complexes
8. All other types of amusement and entertainment complexes

GROUP J
Division J-1 agricultural structures
1. sheds

2. barns

3. poultry houses

4. piggeries

5. hatcheries

6. stables

7. greenhouses

8. granaries

Division J-2 Accessory

1. private garages, carports

2. towers and silos, smokestacks and chimneys

3. swimming pools including shower and locker room

4. stages, platforms and similar structures

5. pelota, tennis or basketball courts

6. tombs, mausoleums, niches

7. fence over 1.80 m high

8. steel or concrete tanks

9. aviaries and aquariums and zoo structures

10. banks and record vaults

Occupant loads

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 1. Determination of occupant load “the occupant load shall be
determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the
unit area per occupant set forth in the Architectural Code of the
Philippines whichever required more exits.

2. The occupant load of any area having fixed seats shall be

determined by the number of fixed seats installed.

Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements

1. In computing for parking slots, a fraction of 50% and above shall
be considered as one car parking slot.

2. In areas where adequate public parking lots/multi-floor parking

garages are available within 200 m of the proposed building, only
30% of parking requirement need to be provided within their
premises.

Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)

1. General. The Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area
(TGFA) of any proposed building shall only be as allowed under
this Rule

2. TGFA Limitation “In Table Vii.6.1. The percentages indicated in

the 3rd through 8th columns are the percentages of the Total Lot
Area (TLA) that may be used to determine the Allowable Maximum
TGFA while the multiplier numbers 3, 5, 12, 18 and 30 represent
the number of storeys.

3. The Allowable Maximum TGFA should not exceed the

Allowable Maximum Volume of Building (AMVB). If exceeded,
the Allowable Maximum TGFA must be adjusted since the AMVB
must always prevail.

Allowed Height of Buildings/Structures

1. General. The maximum height and number of storeys of

proposed building shall be dependent upon the character of use or

101
 occupancy, on the type of construction, on end-user population
density, light and ventilation, width of road right-of-way, building
bulk, off-street cum off-site parking requirements and local land use
plan and zoning regulations.

2. The Building Height Limit (BHL) shall only be as allowed under

this Rule or under the duly approved city zoning ordinance,
whichever is more restrictive

2.1.5.3 Rule VIII – Light and Ventilation

1. Definitions
a. Maximum Allowable PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY
(PSO) - Maximum Allowable Building Footprint (AMBF) divided
by Total Lot Area (TLA). Percentage of the maximum allowable
enclosed floor area of any building at the ground floor in relation to
the TLA.

b. Maximum Allowable IMPERVIOUS SURFACE AREA (ISA) -

percentage of the maximum allowable floor area of any paved, tiled
or hardscaped surface at the ground floor in relation to the TLA.

c. Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA) - the combined

total of the Maximum Allowable PSO and the Maximum Allowable
ISA.

d. Maximum Allowable Unpaved Surface Area (USA) - portion of

the lot that shall remain unpaved and reserved for
softscaping/planting

e. Total Open Space Within Lot (TOSL) - the total open space
required for each type of use.

2. General Provisions
a. Every building shall be designed, constructed and equipped to
provide adequate light and ventilation

102
 b. All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street
which has been duly approved.

c. No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size

of any room or the relative area of windows to less than that
provided for buildings, or to create an additional room unless it
conforms to the requirements of this Rule.

d. No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the

required court or yard would be less than what is prescribed for
such building lot.
3. Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)
a. Maximum site occupancy shall be governed by use, type of
construction and height of the building and the use, area, nature and
location of the site and subject to local zoning requirements.

4. Minimum Requirements for Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL)

a. Group A buildings or Residential 1 (R-1) uses shall follow the
minimum yard standards in Table VIII.6.1 to comply with the
TOSL.
5. Sizes and dimensions of courts and yards
a. Minimum horizontal dimension of courts and yards shall be not
less than two m. all inner courts shall be connected to a street or
yard, either by a passageway with a minimum width of 1.20 m or by
a door through a room or rooms.

b. Abutments on the side and rear property lines may be allowed

provided that the following requirements are first complied with:
 Open space as prescribed in Tables VIII.5.1 and VIII.6.1
 Window opening as prescribed in Section 10
 Firewall with a minimum of two hours fire-resistive rating constructed with a
minimum height clearance of 0.40 m above the roof. Fig. VIII.6.1
 The required open space shall be located totally or distributed anywhere
within the lot in such a manner as to provide maximum light and ventilation
into the building (Fig. VIII.6.2 to VIII.6.5).

103
 Every court shall have a width of not less than 2 m for one or two storey
buildings, however this may be reduced to 1.50 m in case of quadruplexes,
row houses with adjacent courts with an area of not less than 3.00 sq. m
provided that the separation fence shall not be higher than 2.00 m.
irregularly-shaped lots may be exempted from having a minimum width of
not less than what is required in Table VIII.5.2 and as shown in Figures
VIII.6.6, VIII.6.7, VIII.6.8 and VIII.6.9.
 For buildings of more than two storeys in height, the minimum width of the
rear or side court shall be increased at the rate of 300 mm for each additional
storey up to the fourteenth storey. For buildings exceeding 14 storeys in
height, the required width of the court shall be computed on the basis of 14
storeys.

6. Ceiling Heights
a. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have
ceiling heights not less than 2.40m. For buildings of more than 1
storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70
m, for the second storey, 2.40 m. and for the succeeding storeys,
2.10 m. Above-stated rooms with natural ventilation shall have
ceiling heights of not less than 2.70m.
b. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than
1.80 m above and below it.

7. Sizes and Dimension of Rooms

a. Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions
shall be as follows:
 Rooms for human habitation “ 6.00 sq.m. with a least
dimension of 2.00 m.
 Kitchen “ 3.00 sq. m. with a least dimension of 1.50 m.
 Bath and Toilet “ 1.20 sq. m. with a least dimension of
900mm.

8. Window Openings
a. Rooms intended for any use not provided with artificial
ventilation shall be provided with a window with a total free area

104
 equal to at least 10% of the floor area of the room but not less than
1.00 sq.m. Toilet and bath rooms and laundry rooms shall be
provided with window with an area not less than 1/20 of the floor
area but not less than 240 sq.mm. Such windows shall open directly
to a court, yard, public street or alley or open watercourse.

b. Eaves, canopies, awnings over required windows shall not be less

than 750 mm from the side and rear property lines.

c. There shall absolutely be no openings on/at/within/through all

types of abutments (firewalls) erected along property lines except
for permitted vent wells (3.00 m x 1.50 m).

9. Roads Right-of-Way (RROW) Access Streets

1 No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct
access to public space, yard or street/road on at least 1 of its sides.
All buildings shall face a public street, alley or a road.

105
2.1.6 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTION

106
107
108
2.2 RESEARCH FOCUS

2.2.1 Title of Research: Ecotourism with a Sustainable Approach through

Biomimetic Architecture
Source: Biomimetic Approaches to Architectural Design for Increased
Sustainability by Maibritt Pedersen Zari

2.2.2 Summary:

Biomimetic Architecture is a contemporary philosophy of architecture that

seeks solutions for sustainability in nature, not by replicating the natural forms but
by understanding the rules governing those forms.

In Ecomimicry, it involves mimicking local animals and plants (or their

ecological settings to produce sustainable, eco-friendly, socially-responsible design,
innovations and technologies. It is a process of innovation and is similar to
biomimicry or biomimetic. It is more careful to produce designs that serve the local
environment and community.

Approaches to Biomimicry as a design process typically fall into two

categories:

A. Defining the human need – the approach where designers look to the
living world for solutions, requires designers to identify problems and biologists to
then match these organisms that have solved similar issues.

Example:
An example of such an approach is Daimler Chrysler’s prototype Bionic Car
(Fig. 4.3). In looking to create a large volume, small wheel base car, the
design for the car was based on the boxfish (ostracion meleagris), a
surprisingly aerodynamic fish given its box like shape. The chassis and
structure of the car are also biomimetic, having been designed using a
computer modelling method based upon how trees are able to grow in a way

109
that minimizes stress concentrations. The resulting structure looks almost
skeletal, as material is allocated only to the places where it is most needed
(Vincent et al., 2006). It is more efficient in terms of fuel use because the
body is more aerodynamic due to the mimicking of the box fish. It is also
more materials efficient due to the mimicking of tree growth patterns to
identify the minimum amount of material need in the structure of the car.

Figure 4.3 – Daimler Chrysler bionic car inspired by box fish and tree growth
pattern

B. Biology influencing design - When biological knowledge influences

human design, the collaborative design process is initially dependent on
people having knowledge of relevant biological or ecological research rather
than on determined human design problems.

Example:
An example is the scientific analysis of the lotus flower emerging clean from
swampy waters, which led to many design innovations as detailed by
Baumeister (2007), including Lotusan paint which enables buildings to be
self-cleaning (Fig. 4.4).

Figure 4.4 – Lotus inspired Lotusan Paint

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2.2.2.1 A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING THE APPLICATION
OF BIOMIMICRY

Within the two approaches discussed, three levels of biomimicry that may be
applied to a design problem are typically given as organism, behavior and
ecosystem. (Biomimicry Guild, 2007)

A framework for understanding the application of biomimicry of the

proposed project is shown in figure __ that redefines these different levels
and also attempts to clarify the potential of biomimicry as a tool to increase
regenerative capacity of the built environment.

a. Organism Level - refers to a specific organism like a plant or animal and

may involve mimicking part of or the whole organism.

Example:
An example is the mimicking of the Namibian desert beetle, stenocara
(Garrod et al., 2007). It is able to capture moisture however from the swift
moving fog that moves over the desert by tilting its body into the wind.
Matthew Parkes of KSS Architects proposed a fog-catcher design for the
Hydrological Center for the University of Namibia (fig. 4.4) (Killeen, 2002).
Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners' design for the Waterloo International
Terminal demonstrates an example of form and process biomimicry at the
organism level (fig. 4.5). The terminal needed to be able to respond to
changes in air pressure as trains enter and depart the terminal. The glass panel
fixings that make up the structure mimic the flexible scale arrangement of
the Pangolin so they are able to move in response to the imposed air pressure
forces (Aldersey-Williams, 2003).

111
Figure 4.4 – Matthew Parkes’ Figure 4.5 – Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners’
Hydrological Center for the Waterloo International Terminal and the
Namibia and the stenocara beetle Pangolin

b. Behavior Level – this level refers to mimicking behavior, and may include
translating an aspect of how an organism behaves, or relates to a larger
context.

Example:
The example of the North American beaver (castor Canadensis) (Fig. 4.6)
demonstrates how through its altering of the landscape, wetlands are created
and nutrient retention and plant and animal diversity is increased, helping in
part to make the ecosystem more resilient to disturbance (Rosemond and
Anderson, 2003). An architectural example of process and function
biomimicry at the behavior level is demonstrated by Mick Pearce’s Eastgate
Building in Harare, Zimbabwe and the CH2 Building in Melbourne,
Australia (Fig. 4.7). Both buildings are based in part on techniques of passive
ventilation and temperature regulation observed in termite mounds, in order
to create a thermally stable interior environment.

Figure 4.6 - The North American Figure 4.7 - Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe
Beaver and CH2 Building in Melbourne, Australia

112
c. Ecosystem Level - is the mimicking of whole ecosystems and the common
principles that allow them to successfully function.

Example:
A further advantage of an ecosystem based biomimetic design approach is
that it is applicable to a range of temporal and spatial scales (Reap et al.,
2005) and can serve as an initial benchmark or goal for what constitutes truly
sustainable or even regenerative design for a specific place as demonstrated
by the Lloyd Crossing Project (Fig. 4.8).

Figure 4.8 Lloyd Crossing Project, Portland, USA Figure 4.9- Dog Building, Tirau, New Zealand

113
APPLICATION OF BIOMIMICRY TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Figure 5.1 – Vegetation Map of Site 1 and Site 2

Plant to mimic: Mangroves - The mangroves are the existing vegetation of the site
and is considered as one of the protected ecosystem in the Province of Masbate.
(Figure 5.1) Thus, the importance of it in the overall ecosystem should reflect on the
design of the building/structure to minimize isolated or unconnected form of design.
Within each level of Biomimicry (organism, behavior and ecosystem), a further five
possible dimensions to the mimicry exist: form, materials, construction, process and
function. The figure below will shows the three levels of biomimicry and its five
possible dimensions with output.

114
115
2.2.3 Significance

 The research focus signifies the role of the architects, planners and designers
in designing a built environment with nature as part of structure, designing
with nature and uniting it as one.
 Biomimetic Architecture creates an achievable new innovation, an innovation
that doesn’t focus on the technology, the materials to be used and how the
whole process must be done but also taking in consideration of the presence
of the ecosystem and including it in the overall architectural design and
planning.
 This framework may allow designers who wish to employ biomimicry as a
methodology for improving the sustainability of the built environment to
identify an effective approach to take.
 The potential of this contemporary philosophy offers as a way to create a more
sustainable and even regenerative built environment that will benefit the
community.

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2.2.4 Objectives of the research

 To be able to design an innovative form of structures that will make the

proposed project unique and exceptional.
 To be able to unite, interrelate and create relationship between the built
environment and ecosystem through Biomimetic Architecture.
 To be able to incorporate Biomimetic Architecture in the design and planning
of the proposed project

2.2.5 Analytic Framework

Figure 5.2 - A framework for the Approach of Biomimetic Architecture

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 2.2.6 Description and Comparative Analysis

CONVENTIONAL BIOMIMETIC
APPROACH (Green APPROACH
Architecture,

Sustainable Design)

Form The conceptual form for the In using this approach, the
building of a chosen form of the chosen
organism is the only organism is to be
application used but mimicked, interrelating the
incorporated in the function biological knowledge,
of the building behavior, process and
ecosystem involved of the
organism.

Process It is important to know Designing with direct use

those interrelations to come of nature by garnering
up and create a design of biological knowledge that
the built up environment would both solve the
capable of changes. common issues of the built
environment and the
ecosystem

Construction This focuses on This approach creates an

technologies to be output that unites the
incorporated in the building organism or ecosystem
used creating a built
environment with full
understanding of each
side’s importance and
significance.

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Function It is more on the energy Biomimicry is mimicking
efficiency and the functional basis of
sustainability of the biological forms,
technologies to use processes and systems to
produce sustainable
solutions

Approach It uses nature to be self- The direct use of nature for

sustainable and beneficial purposes, such
environmentally as incorporating planting
responsible in and around buildings to
produce evaporative
cooling

The approach creates a There is an instinctive

connection between the bond between human
technologies used and the beings, the ecosystem and
structure the building itself

2.2.7 Recommendation for application

 To fully incorporate the Biomimetic Approach in the architectural design

of the Proposed Marine Sanctuary and Entry Port Facilities, the need to
have a keen biological knowledge of the organism that will be used to
mimic the building or structure and a deep understanding of the
ecosystem will provide supplementary design solutions and technology
that can be used to increase the sustainability and will become a medium
for establishing a built environment that embraces nature as part of its
growth and change.
 The approaches where designers look to the living world for solutions,
requires designers to identify the problem and with the help of biologists
to then match these organisms that have solved similar issues. Then, it

119
 will be interpreted by the designer through identified goals and
parameters.
 Biomimetic is an innovative approach thus if applied, the objective of
providing a unique, engaging and a world class ecotourism venue is
feasible.

2.3 CASE STUDIES OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.3.1 Case Studies (Local)

Name: Nalusuan Island Marine Sanctuary

1
Location: Olango Reef, Cordova, Mactan, Cebu
Source: Retrieved from http://www.cebu-bluewaters.com/nalusuan-island-
resort.html

Figure 5.3 – Aerial View of the Nalusuan Island Marine Sanctuary

Summary: A man-made resort island in the Cebu Strait. This island resort with aqua
sports activities like wave runners, scuba diving, water skiing, or simply, swimming.
Snorkel in the protected coral garden and a marine paradise will be seen with
accommodations availability such as cottages and rentable rooms.

Figure 5.4 – Pier of Nalusuan Island Marine Sanctuary

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Environmental Awareness

Aside from business reasons, Nalusuan Island Resort aims to promote environmental
awareness and sustainable way of livelihood. Nalusuan resort provides its visitors
information and facilities to see the beautiful marine life under the sea. By being
aware of the sea resources that can support adequately the daily lives of locals, one
will think of preserving them rather than trying to reap all at once using destructive
(and illegal) methods.

Through the participation of an American swimmer, environmentalist and activist,

Paul Vanhoven, local environmentalists and Nalusuan Resort has been successful in
promoting sustainable livelihood and development in the area

Critique: One of the features of the Island Resort is a lengthy pier that connects the
Island resort to the facility near the diving area is located. The Island Resort is far
from the city proper. And not a few kilometers there is another Island Resort thus
competition rises between these establishments. This case study will serve as
reference to identify the facilities to be designed and know its breadth as per marine
protected area development is concerned.

Figure 5.5 – Parts of the Nalusuan Island Resort and Marine Sanctuary

Significance: The importance of this study is the role of the designers in the
development of protected areas. The designers must consider the environment, and
through their design, the environment should be reflected and be part of it.

121
Objectives of the research
 To unite the design of the structures with the environment in relation to
existing marine sanctuary facilities
 To raise environmental awareness through the design of these structures
through energy efficiency and sustainability
 To create an environmentally friendly tourist destination

2.3.1 Case Studies (Foreign)

Title: Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Exploration Center,

1
Green Building Features
Architect: Thomas Hacker Architects Incorporation
Location: 35 Pacific Avenue, Santa Cruz, California, United States
Source: Retrieved from http://montereybay.noaa.gov/vc/sec/green.html
and http://thaarchitecture.com/monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-
exploration-center

Description: It is a United States Federally protected marine area offshore of

California's central coast. It is the largest US national marine sanctuary and has a
shoreline length of 276 miles (444 km). The Monterey Bay National Marine
Sanctuary was established in 1992 for the purpose of resource protection, research,
education, and public use.

Summary: A new state-of-the art visitor center opened July 23rd, 2012. This Center
highlights the spectacular Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Overlooking
the ocean, the Sanctuary Exploration Center is located in the heart of the Santa Cruz's
famed beach area just steps away from the city's Municipal Wharf. The center
features engaging interactive and multi-media exhibits to help visitors explore the
sanctuary's remarkable marine environment, as well as their personal role in
protecting this special underwater treasure.

122
 Figure 5.6 – Monterey Bay Sanctuary Visitor Center

Facilities of the Exploration Center:

 Biodiversity Submarine Canyon - Across

from the kelp, visitors can look over into a
two-story Submarine Canyon they saw from
the landing. From here, the visitors can
operate a remotely operated vehicle (ROV)
robot to find deep sea animals from the
Monterey Submarine Canyon or the
Davidson Seamount

Figure 40 – Submarine Canyon

 Exploration Theater - In the theater, visitors are immersed under the sea
surface of the sanctuary with a phenomenal film by Bob Talbot. The theater
is a multi-purpose room with flexible seating. It is be capable of projecting
real-time video, slides, DVDs and computer-based presentations and will has
audio equipment for guest speakers.
 Open-Ocean Mini-Theatre - A large curved
screen draws the visitor into an Open-Ocean
Mini-Theatre where they view stunningly
beautiful footage that uses migratory species
such as Ocean sunfish, dolphins and whales
to tell the story of the three seasons of the
sanctuary

123
Green Building Features of the Exploration Center:
The Exploration Center is a model for sustainable, environmentally sensitive design,
construction and operation. (See Figure 5.8) This type of construction helps create a
healthier environment, minimizing adverse impacts on the natural systems that
support life on land and in the ocean. The Exploration Center demonstrates a variety
of strategies to achieve these goals, using the U.S. Green Building Council's
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) criteria.

Figure 5.8 – Sustainable Features of the Sanctuary Visitor Center

Thomas Hacker Architects Inc. designed this architecturally distinct building
to meet the standards for a LEED Gold Certification.

 For easy access and to preserve open space while minimizing disturbance,
the Exploration Center was built on a previously developed site within a
quarter mile of bus lines and along existing bike trails.
 During the building process, 95% of construction waste was recycled
diverting it away from the landfill. At least 20% of materials were
manufactured and processed within our region.

124
 The design uses Forest Stewardship Council certified sustainable wood and
materials with recycled content including glass, carpets and insulation.

Figure 5.9 – Forest Stewardship Council certified Sustainable Wood

 The center reduced its energy consumption by more than 15% in comparison
to traditional buildings by using a roof-top photovoltaic system, set-back
thermostats, occupancy sensors for lighting and exterior sunshade devices,
overhangs and baffles that reduce solar heat gain and glare.
 Ample, indirect natural daylight and use of
thermally insulated glass that transmits
light, but limits heat gain, enhances indoor
comfort while providing excellent views
of the sanctuary. (figure 6.1)

Figure 6.1 –
Thermally Insulated Glass

 To improve indoor air quality, the center

uses urea formaldehyde-free composite wood products and paints, coatings,
adhesives and sealants with the lowest possible levels of Volatile Organic
Compounds.
 Fan-assisted stack towers provide natural ventilation. These and a light-
colored roof also help optimize energy performance and improve thermal
comfort and air quality for occupants.

125
 To hold and filter storm water on site, the center uses bioswales and have an
above ground cistern to irrigate drought-tolerant, native plants in the
landscaping. Example is Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2 – An example of a Bioswales on a curbside rain garden

 The center reduced its water usage even further, while still maintaining the
highest standards of cleanliness, by incorporating high-efficiency plumbing
fixtures such as dual flush toilets, automatic sensors in lavatories and low-
flow or aerated bathroom fixtures and faucets. (see figure 6.3)

Figure 6.3 – High Efficiency Plumbing fixtures (Dual flush toilet and the
automatic sensor faucet)

 This availability of the materials used before the construction and the
remains of these materials after construction, which are considered to be a
waste, can turn into a recycled material. This prevents and minimizes
resource consumption that could harm the environment.

126
Critique: It is an achievement for a designer to be able to achieve a prestigious
certification due to the sustainability of their design. As a designer, one must set high
standards on design approaches and implementation of Sustainability not just to be
called sustainable but the design must speak for themselves. Consider the application
of the standards of a LEED Certifies Design so that it may serve as a motivation to
aim for a more sustainable built environment.

Significance: The significance of this study is to learn and know how to integrate
such technologies in order to have an energy efficient facility. The proximity of the
existing facilities can serve as a reference in planning for the location of the facilities
for an efficient circulation of the users. and also aim for the standards of the certified
green buildings in the world.

Objective:
 To create an environmentally stable process from the design to construction
phase through material recycling
 To know the strategies to be used in the design and materials to be used that
will not create a harmful effect to the environment
 To design a site development plan that will enhance the environment and will
cause no harm to the natural environment

Title: Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center, Renovate into Energy

2
Efficient and Sustainable Building Design (2005)
Architect: Trinity Architecture + Construction Management +
Engineering
Location: Alpena, Michigan
Source: http://www.hermanmiller.com/hm/content/case_studies/pdfs/CS_
GLM_FULL.pdf, Herman Miller (2008) Zeeland, Michigan

Description: The Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center is a visitor center for the
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, featuring exciting exhibits for all ages.
Exploring the Shipwreck Century, is located in the center's main hall and includes a
full-size replica wooden Great Lakes schooner and shipwreck where visitors can
walk the decks, feel a Great Lakes storm, and touch the massive timbers of the boat

127
resting on the lake bottom.

Summary:

The sanctuary was quickly outgrowing its previous home in Alpena's Federal
Building when a local developer suggested relocating it to the site of a former paper
mill. The reconstruction focused on an energy-efficient, sustainable building design
with the goal of achieving Gold LEED certification. Russ Green, the center's
program and operations coordinator, wanted a green building. They wanted the
entire building to be environmentally friendly. “The quality of the environment is
obviously an important issue for NOAA, so when we can point out the center's own
sustainable features to the visitors, we're making a powerful statement. It shows
we're doing our part.”

The building solutions are Geo-Thermal HVAC, water conservation and efficient
lighting reduced this building’s energy consumption by 35% & water consumption
by 48% over standard buildings.

The Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center features:

 9,000 square feet of immersive exhibits

 93-seat theater showing films daily
 Archaeological conservation lab and shipwreck artifact gallery
 Innovative education space for special programs, meetings, and events
 Scientific research facilities, including a dive operations center
 Community boat-building center small watercraft workshop
 Outdoor access to the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Trail and open-air
picnic grounds
 Maritime Heritage Center Gift Shop

128
 Figure 6.4 – Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center Features
(From top-left to bottom-right: research facilities including a dive operations
center, gift shop, 93-seat theater, rentable rooms)
Source: Great Lakes Photo Gallery

Critique: This article shows that sustainable building design is not only limited on
the external attributes of a structure but also extends even on the furnishings to be
used. The reduced building energy consumption is an energy efficient approach that
prevents additional harmful effects not only on the user but also to the environment.
Significance: The significance of the existing facilities of Great Lakes will serve as
a new reference in adapting new trends that the designer can adapt. This will lead to
an introduction to innovative and modern methods to be used in designing marine
sanctuary facilities in the Philippines.

Objective:
 To be able to design additional innovative facilities that is interesting to the
tourists
 To know the proper location of facilities that will make it easier for user’s
circulation
 To take into consideration future developments in the site

129
Analytical Framework

130
Description and Comparative Analysis

Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3

(Nalusuan Island (Monterey Bay (Great Lakes

Resort and Marine National Marine Maritime Heritage
Sanctuary) Sanctuary Exploration Center – Thunder Bay
Center) National Marine
Sanctuary)

Facilities  Rest houses  Visitor Center  Interactive Visitor

 Cottages  Biodiversity Center
 Restaurant submarine canyon  93-seat theatre
 Pier  Open Ocean  Conservatory
 Dock Mini-Theatre  Offices
 Rentable rooms  Exploration  Research and
theatre living space for
 Research facilities staff and scientists
 Gift shop  Gift shop
 Exhibit area

Sustainable  Light materials  Construction  Geo-Thermal

Highlights  Environmental materials recycled HVAC
friendly (concrete, steel,  Water
construction ceramic tile) conservation
materials for the  Thermally  Efficient lighting
dock insulated glass  35% reduced
 Urea- energy
formaldehyde free consumption
composite wood  48% reduced
products and water
paints consumption

131
  Lowest level of 
Volatile Organic
Compounds
(VOC’s)
 High efficiency
plumbing fixtures
 38% reduced
energy
consumption
 53% reduced
water
consumption
Activities  Scuba diving  Theater  Interactive
 Snorkeling  Boat crafting facilities
 Camping  Research  Research
 Swimming  Exhibits  Study and living
 Kayaking  Scuba diving  Scuba diving
 Snorkeling  Snorkeling
 Swimming  Swimming
 Theater
Situation Existing Existing Renovated

Leadership in None Pending Gold None but with

Energy and Certification design standards for
Environmental a Gold Certification
Design (LEED)
Certification

Area Less than a hectare 6,094 sq. miles 448 sq. miles

Visitors No available 350,000/annually 60,000/annually

statistics

132
Recommendation for application: Based on the Case Studies presented, the application of
new and innovative facilities and design approaches is recommended to be able to achieve
the goal of designing an energy efficient and sustainable structure.

 Adapting bioswales on the design to prevent soil erosion and is an advantage

for a more green surrounding
 Aim to comply with the standards of LEED

2.4 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

SPACE PROGRAMMING

133
134
135
LEGEND * Existing + New Proposal

FACILITIES

FACILITIES SPACES
CLIENT/USERS FUNCTIONS/NEEDS
NEEDED NEEDED

Dining area
Place to dine, rest, Accommodation
sleep, bath for tourists Sleeping Area

Toilet & Bath

Massage Room
Local and Foreign
Spa Room
Tourists
Place for leisure, to Lobby
Cottages
relax
Receiving Area

Kitchen

Canteen

Transportation, link, Port, Pier, Dock

Entry Port
connection for boats
Local and Foreign Gathering Area
Tourists To have a recreational
activities (indoor Multi-Purpose Hall Comfort Room
activities)
Kitchenette

To have a place to stay,

sleep and eat Administrative Offices, Pantry,
Organizes and Hall Kitchenette,
Local Personnel’s, facilitates Comfort room
Cooperatives, Tour
Guides, Officers,
Reef Rangers Place where they could
held their conferences Pantry, Comfort
and meetings Conference Room room,
conference room

Caretakers, A place to rest, eat and Sleeping

Personnel’s area Quarters, pantry,
watchmen, guard sleep
toilet and bath,

136
 dining area,
kitchenette

AMENITIES

AREA/SPACES CLIENT/USERS FUNCTIONS/NEEDS

Entry Port + Local and Foreign It is where the boats can dock and
Tourists, Visitors, transfer tourists to and from the marine
Guests sanctuary

It is also used as a service transportation

where the goods needed for the facilities
are delivered to and from the marine
sanctuary

Interactive Visitor Tourists, Visitors, A center for tourists for an interactive

Center + Guests experience of the marine sanctuary, the
life of both plants and animal species

Mangrovetum + Tourists, Visitors, A walkway in the mangrove forest

Guests showcasing the mangroves along the
(Mangrove Park) major road in Masbate. Mangroves play
an important role in Masbate especially
to the ecosystem.

Restaurant + Tourists, Visitors, An area for cooking and dining needs

Guests which also sells food for income.

Cooks, Staffs,
dishwasher

Cottages, walkway Tourists, Visitors, A place where the tourists can rest, dine
* Guests and enjoy their stay in the marine
sanctuary
(Marine Sanctuary)

Exhibit Room, Mini Tourists, Visitors, This is where the display of different
Museum + Guests kinds of marine species that are found in
the marine sanctuary, both plants and
animal species

Souvenir Shop + Tourists, Visitors, This is where souvenirs from the marine
Guests sanctuary and the mangrove park can be
bought to produce income

137
Spa and Massage Tourists, Visitors, This is the space where the tourists,
Room * Guests visitors and guests can relax and unwind
after a tiring and long day of adventure
in the marine sanctuary

Administrative Hall Personnels, Officers, This is where the administrative

+ Cooperatives
department is being housed, it is where
negotiations, planning, facilitation and
organization are being held for the
development, growth and improvement
of the tourist destination

Multi-Purpose Hall Tourists, Visitors, This is where big events and occasions
+ Guests, Personnels, are held. It can be rented for any event
Cooperatives, to produce income and is also open to
Participants the public for small group activities

QUALITY OF USERS AND STAFF REQUIREMENTS

PRIMARY USERS

PRIVATE ZONE

1–2 An estimated number of

users per day in the marine
Guest Rooms 2–4 sanctuary is 20 to 50
persons depending on the
4–6 season

PUBLIC ZONE

Small (1-6 persons)

Cottages
Big (6-10 persons) An estimated number of
users per day in the marine
Interactive Visitor Center 50 persons sanctuary is 20 to 50
persons depending on the
Exhibit Room 50 persons season
Mangrove 50 persons

138
 SECONDARY USERS

Administrative Zone

Local Personnel 3

SAMAPUSI Supervisors 3

Tour Organizer/Planner 1

Outdoor Recreational Zone

Kayak Guide 1

Pedal Boat Guide 1

Scuba Diving Instructor 1

Snorkeling Guide/Instructor 1

Reef Ranger Guide 1

Lakbay Aral Tour Guide 2

Seag0rass Planting Guide 1

Mangrove Planting Guide 1

Mangrove Trekking 1

Chef (Culinary Session) 1

Boat Operator 2

Interactive Visitor Center

Attendant 1

Helper 1

Spa and Massage

Massage 2

Spa 2

Souvenir Shop

Cashier 1

Clerk 1

Finance Department

139
Accountant 1

Cashier 1

Housekeeping Department

Housekeeper 1

Helper 1

Laundryman 1

Cook 1

Dishwasher 1

Medical Department

On Call Physician 1

On Call Nurse 1

TERTIARY USERS

MAINTENANCE

Utility Man 1

Helper 1

Boat Operator Helper 2

SECURITY

Guard 2

Watchmen 3

Caretakers 3

140
2.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY

TOTAL BUILDING COST

1. Administrative Building 400.00

2. Restaurant 234.50
3. Guest Room – One Bedroom 36.00
4. Guest Room – Two Bedroom 72.00
5. Cabana 16.00
6. Souvenir Shop 49.00
7. Multi-Purpose Hall 200.00
8. Interactive Visitor Center 200.00
9. Cottages 22.50
10. Entry Port 500.00
11. Guard House / Ranger Station 6.00
12. Spa and Massage 49.00
13. Boat & Kayak Station 125.85
14. Scuba Diving Station 152.50
15. Picnic Hut 6.00
16. Main Facility (Drop off Area) 178.50
17. Exhibit Hall 200.00
18. Information 6.00
NET AREA 2,453.85 SQM

EFFICIENCY RATIO: 65 /35%

(NET AREA) = GROSS AREA 2453.85
65% 65%

GROSS AREA = 3775.15

A. BUILDING COST: GROSS AREA x Php 20,000

= 3775.15 x 20,000
= Php 75,503,000

141
 B. FIXED EQUIPMENT: BUILDING COST x 5%
= Php 75,503,000 x 0.5
= Php 37,751,500
C. SITE DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING COST x 20%
= Php 75,503,000 x 0.20
= Php 15,100,600
D. TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST: A+B+C
= Php 75,503,000 + Php 37,751,500 + Php 15,100,600
= Php 128,355,100
E. MOVABLE EQUIPMENT: BUILDING COST x 5%
= Php 75,503,000 x 0.50
= Php 37,751,500
F. PROFESSIONAL FEE: TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST X 5%
= Php 128,355,100 x 0.50
= Php 64,177,550
G. CONTIGENCIES: TOTAL CONSTRUCTION x 5%
= Php 128,355,100 x 0.50
= Php 64,177,550
H. ADMINISTRATIVE COST: TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST x 2%
= Php 128,355,100 x 0.20
= Php 25,671,020
I. GRAND CONSTRUCTION COST: (D+E+F+G+H) = I
= Php 128,355,100 + Php 37,751,500 + Php 64,177,550 + Php 64,177,550
+ Php 25,671,020
= Php 320,132,720

OPERATIONAL COST

UTILITIES

A. ELECTRICITY
= 12,000 (12) = Php 144,000
B. WATER
= 4,000 (12) = Php 48,000

142
 C. TELECOMMUNICATION
= [15 lines x 990 (12)] = Php 178,200
D. MAINTENANCE
= [20 computers 35,000/year] = Php 35,000
E. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT = Php 20,000
TOTAL = Php 452,200
SUPPLIES
A. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLIES
Paper (Php 200/ream) x 100 = Php 20,000
Pen/Markers = Php 1,000
Computer Ink (Php 400/set) = Php 2,000
Envelopes/Folders = Php 500
Total = Php 23,500

SALARIES AND WAGES

POSITION NO. MONTHLY ANNUAL TOTAL
Receptionist 5 13,000 156,000 780,000.00
Maintenance 2 10,000 120,000 240,000.00
Guard 5 12,000 144,000 720,000.00
Utility Man 3 10,000 120,000 360,000.00
Helper 5 11,000 132,000 660,000.00
Staff 10 12,500 150,000

Cashier 5 12,000 144,000 720,000.00

Cook 2 11,000 132,000 264,000.00
Dishwasher 2 10,000 120,000 240,00.00
Helper 4 10,000 120,000 480,000.00

Tour Guide 1 8,000 96,000 96,000.00

Reef Ranger Guide 1 10,000 120,000 120,000.00
Reef Ranger Guide 1 8,000 96,000 96,000.00
Assistant
Educational Tour Guide 1 10,000 120,000 120,000.00

143
Educational Tour Guide 1 8,000 96,000 96,000.00
Assistant

Boat Operator 3 10,000 120,000 360,000.00

Helper 3 8,000 96,000 288,000.00
Mechanic 1 5,000 60,000 60,000.00

Culinary Service Facilitator 1 12,500 150,000 150,000.00

Mangrove Facilitator 1 10,000 120,000 120,000
Scuba Diving Instructor 1 15,000 180,000 180,000
Scuba Diving Instructor 1 12,000 144,000 144,000
Assistant
Boat Rental In-Charge 1 10,000 120,000 120,000

Watchmen/Ranger 5 12,000 144,000 720,000.00

Helper 3 10,000 120,000 360,000.00
7,494,000.00

TOTAL OPERATIONAL COST

(UTILITIES+SUPPLIES+SALARIES/WAGES)
Php 452,200
Php 23,500
+ Php 7,494,000
TOTAL OPERATIONAL COST Php 7,969,700

144
 REVENUES

HOURLY
PER DAY WEEKLY MONTHLY
RATE
SOURCE OF INCOME ANNUAL
PEAK
OFF- PEAK OFF- PEAK OFF- PEAK
SEASO OFF-PEAK
PEAK SEASON PEAK SEASON PEAK SEASON
N

Scuba Diving Gear 1,500 2,000 - - - - - - 3,525,000

Rental (per head)

Boat Rental (10 pax) 800 1,000 2,000 2,500 - - - -

Kayak Rental 250 300 - - - - - - -

Pedal Boat Rental 250 300 - - - - - - -

Snorkeling Gear Rental 150 200 - - - - - - -

One Bedroom -Guest 1,000 1,500 3,000 3,500 - - - - 18,250,000

Room Accomodation
(2-3 pax)
Two Bedroom -Guest 1,500 2,000 5,000 5,500 - - - - 20,155,500

Room Accomodation
(4-6 pax)
Mangrove and Seagrass 50 60 - - - - - - -

Planting
Restaurant 250 300 25,000 30,000 175,000 210,000 625,000 750,000 15,200,000

(100 capacity)
Spa and Massage 200 250 - - - - - - -

Multi-Purpose Hall 1,000 1,500 5,000 5,500 35,000 38,500 525,000 269,500 8,925,000

Rental (150 pax)

Exhibit Hall 50 60 - - - - - - 10,625,200

(Entrance fee/head)
Interactive Visitor 100 120 - - - - - - 11,523,520

Center
(Entance fee/head)
Conference Room 1,000 1,500 3,000 3,500 21,000 24,500 210,000 245,000 4,225,000

Rental
TOTAL Php 129,429,220

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REVENUE = TOTAL SALES
= Php 129,429,220

PAYBACK PERIOD: Grand Construction Cost / Total Sales

= 320,132,720/129,429,220
= 2.47 or 2.5 Years

TOTAL REVENUE = revenue x payback period

= Php 129,429,220 x 2.5 Years
= Php 323,573,050

LESS COST OF THE PROJECT: Grand construction cost – total revenue

= 323,573,050 - 320,132,720
= Php 3,440,330

LESS OPERATING COST: Less cost of the project – operational cost

= 7,969,700 - 3,440,330
= Php 4,529,370

TAX 35% = Less Operating cost (0.35)

= 4,529,370 x 0.35
= Php 1,585,279.50

LESS TAX: Less Operating Cost – 35% tax

= 4,529,370 - 1,585,279.50
= Php 2,944,090.50

ROI = Grand Construction cost / less tax

= 323,573,050 / 2,944,090.50
= 109.91

146
147
CHAPTER 3.0 – ARCHITECTURAL TRANSLATION

3.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND CORRESPONDING DESIGN

SOLUTIONS

Zoning
o The sites have different zoning (Site 1 – Tourism and Recreational
Zone and Site 2 – Special Ecotourism Zone) this zoning should be
considered since the area is a marine protected area and there is a
mangrove forest. Proper locations of facilities will create a unified
bond with its users.

Circulation
o Minimize movement and activities to Site 2. Because it is a marine
protected area, which some areas are not to be used for specific
activities (human).

Structural
o The structures should all be on stilts to minimize the building
footprint. Integration of Mono Column.

Function and Activities

o This will help in the proper allocation of spaces and their adjacencies
to each other. How will it be planned and zoned.

Wind and Sun Orientation

o Maximize its capabilities to supply the structure natural light and
ventilation through proper fenestrations of windows.

Sustainability
o The construction phase should be minimized to avoid abusive use of
the site.

148
Energy Conservation
o Use of high ceiling and big openings to allow natural light and cross
ventilation.

Eco-Friendliness
o Use of lightweight materials such as bamboo slats, sawali or woven
split bamboo mats for walls, pawid or thatched roof.

Views
o With an outstanding vantage point, the location of the windows and
other openings should be properly allocated to maximize the view of
the site.

Disaster Resilient Design

o Due to the possibility of natural calamities, such as Storm Surges
and earthquakes, the resiliency of the structure must coincide and
withstand with these disasters. (see proposal)
o be made up from lightweight materials.

User Analysis
o Users are categorized from primary, secondary and tertiary.
o The primary users are categorized to tourists and localities, the
tourists must have access to all major buildings, such as Interactive
Visitor Center, Exhibit Halls and other tourists’ related structures.
There are 3 entry points to Site 1 (Entry Port, Mangrovetum and
Interactive Visitor Center) to allow the users to choose whether or
not they want to tour the whole site because some may choose to go
directly to the Marine Sanctuary. The first entry point is located near
the Multi-Purpose Hall and Administrative Building for access of the
localities and employees. The second entry point is located in
between the Interactive Visitor Center and Exhibit Hall (middle part
of the frontage of the site) to allow the tourists to go directly to the
Interactive Visitor Center and Exhibit Hall without going back and
forth from the Entry Port. The third Entry Point is located near the
Entry Port to allow the tourists who wish to go directly to the Marine

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 Sanctuary and those who choose not to tour the Interactive Visitor
Center and nearby facilities. These entry ports also serves as
emergency exits, and an additional 2. The buildings have their
designated emergency exits to avoid congestion of people who will
exit the site if ever there are emergencies. The localities must have
access also to these facilities but since they’re just within the vicinity
of the site or is residing in Masbate, they don’t get to go to the site
most of the time. But they can have an access to the Multi-Purpose
Hall or Physical Fitness and Social Center since its main purpose is
to be rented for the localities and is at some period of time can be
open to the public for Physical Fitness activities that happens mostly
every morning (exercise such as Zumba).
o The secondary users are those who work on these facilities which will
have their access only at the first entry point to prevent direct contact
with the tourists before the tourists’ actual tour.
o The tertiary users have the same entry point as the secondary users.
These users are the most likely to stay most of the time on both sites
and who roams around the sites to maintain peace and order and to
make sure the safety of each and every users be it primary, secondary
and also themselves. (e.g. security guards, caretakers, rangers,
watchmen)

Climatic
o Due to the climatic conditions (worst) present in the sites for the
past 5 years, structures are unstable and can be easily dismantled
due to storm surges, tidal waves and strong winds. The resiliency of
the site itself is an advantage and the structures must also be
resilient, a structure that is designed to its maximum capability to
withstand climatic occurrences through suitable structural concept.

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 3.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND CONCEPTS

Design Philosophy:
“What we do to nature comes back to us.” – unknown

We suffer when we withdraw ourselves from nature, most designers tends to overlook their role as a designer.
On a common procedure on designing, the client’s needs and wants are the primary basis of the overall design,
planning, circulation and flow of the final feasible output of a development. Nature can live without human,
but human can never live without nature. As a designer for the future, it is very important and in stipulated
need to consider nature as part of the overall design. What if what we do to nature comes back to us? What if
the things we should have done before are the stepping stones towards a highly recognizable community that
not only contributes to the welfare of the community and to its localities but also for the benefit of nature, in
which in time will come back to us. What if we withdraw ourselves from the fact that nature does keeps us
alive and yet we are the ones destroying it? As an implication, we are putting a ladder going up to a kind
development where we are reaching for something unreachable. Something we can’t achieve because we have
given up the opportunity to make our lives better through sustainable design. We are blindfolded with the fact
that we, as human beings slowly kills nature, which will in time kill us.

Design Concept:
“Blending with Nature”
BIOMIMICRY (Plant to Mimic: MANGROVE)

Why Mangrove?

It’s not just because the mangroves

are the existing vegetation of the sites,
Mangrove plays an important role in
the lives of all Masbateños especially
those who live near or at coastal areas.
It is considered as one of the protected
ecosystem. Thus, the importance of it
in the overall ecosystem should
reflect on the planning and design of
the building/structure to minimize
isolated or unconnected form of
design.

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3.3 SCHEMES DEVELOPMENT

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 Form Concept:

Planning Concept:

- A sprawl or scattered type of planning is applied because of the enormity of the site
and the limited development to protect the mangrove forest.
- Utilities and other facilities that needs maintenance and must have an access all the
time are placed adjacent to the road for an at ease utilization.
- Proper location of major buildings (major activities) especially those facilities that
are used by tourists are placed on the outside part of the mangrove forest to maximize
their view, appreciate it and have a full experience of the site.
- Proper location of minor buildings are place inside the mangrove forest to utilize the
minor activities
- The trail inside the mangrove forest serves as an interactive experience for the tourist
so that they would know how they reproduce, grow and be maintained, this are all
through the postings that will be placed on the bulletin boards attached to the trail’s
railings.
- The trail also serves as a connection to all structures. There are part of the trails
that can only be opened when there are emergency occurrences.

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- Since the frontage of the site is lengthy, there should be at least 2 main entry points
to accommodate the users.

Utility Concept:
Novel Waste Treatment System

- Developed by RTI International

that has been awarded by Bill
and Martha Gates Foundation
- A toilet for use in developing
nations that converts human
waste into burnable fuel, stored
energy and disinfected, non-
potable water
- A standalone unit that does not
require a piped in water, a sewer
connection or outside electricity
- It costs 5 cents per person per
day. Easy to install and maintain

How It Works:

- The solid waste drying process will use a combination of mechanical, solar and
thermal energy.
- A mechanical screw-like device will separate out liquids and begin the process of
converting solid waste into combustion fuel.
- Solar energy, natural drafts and heat from burning waste will further aid the drying
process.
- As it dries, the waste will be broken down into uniform-sized pellets, which will be
burned using the RTI-developed Thermoelectric Enhanced Cookstove Add-on
device, a self-powered unit that captures a portion of heat and converts it into
electricity.
- This electricity will run a combustion blower and be stored in a battery to power
the water treatment functions.

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 - Liquid waste—including urine and liquid that is removed from the solid waste—
will be disinfected through electrochemical processes using diamond-based
electrodes.
- The disinfected water will be suitable for use as rinse water for the toilet or as
fertilizer.

Structural Concept:
Integration of Mono/Monopile Column

Since the site is located in the seawaters

and it is a marine protective area. There is a
limited development in the area. The integration
of Mono Column provides not only aesthetic
appearance but also provides a much lesser
destructive effect to the existing ecosystem.
Instead of a support on all sides, the support of
the structures will be consisting of one column placed at the center. This will be concrete so
as the floor slab that will carry the upper load which will be composed of lightweight
materials.

STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT

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DISADVANTAGE: The support will be at a critical condition because it is in an
asymmetrical and eccentric loading condition.
ADVANTAGE: Instead of 4 columns that will be constructed in the sea bed, it will be
consisting of one column creating a less disturbance under the sea.
: Aesthetic appearance/no ripple effect that could create from small ripples
to big ones that could greatly affect the stability of the structure.

Site Context and Blending:

With a distinctive setting of a small paradise in the middle of the seawater, having a 270 degree view
of the seaboards of Masbate City, a luxurious yet affordable experience should be felt by the tourists. The
cozy, relaxing and perfect for all season haven setting of the site will enhance and increase tourist arrival and
will promote the area to be a well-known tourist spot in the heart of Central Philippines. This will be possible
through unique and sustainable trends that will maximize the interactive experience set forth by the facilities
and amenities in the site. The aesthetic design and its goal to blend in with nature shall raise awareness for all
users.

A delightful combination of the elements of nature, wood and ocean inspired color schemes that
brings in tranquility. With its conventional design of structures and materials used based on the location and
culture but is still challenging the touches of modernity to its design.

Iconic Vantage Point:

- seaboards of Masbate City (Site 2) - mangrove forest

- view of Mayon Volcano on Site 2 - resorts nearby
(depends on the weather) - Burias and Ticao Island (Site 2)

Site Development and Concept

Landscaping ad Site Management

- There is no landscaping to be done since there are existing vegetation in the site.
- There are mangroves that needs to be cut in order to make the walkway possible inside the
mangrove forest. Mangroves that needs to be cut are those full grown with its material ready
for use in the construction, this will be spearheaded by the caretaker and/or any local of the
site who knows the whereabouts of the site and the mangrove’s characteristics and also a
representative from DENR. (Recycling)

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Vegetation Logic (Air Filtration, Sound Attenuation, Glare & Solar - Protection)
Way-finding
- The mangroves stands at 1.5 meters up to 25 meters tall. In this case, the crown of the
mangroves can be used as a sun shade for the tourists who will roam around the site still
depending on the orientation of the sun.

Pedestrianism
- The tourist may have to walk through lengthy walkways and they may experience boredom,
annoyance or impatience. To prevent this from happening, there are Picnic Huts, Souvenir
Shops and Massage or Spa Area after every 30 meters that they can go to in between those
long walks.
- There are also walkway feature they might enjoy along the way. (e.g educational posts or
posters – this could add knowledge of what mangrove is and what are its importance)
- The walkway will have solar powered lamps on each side creating an invitation for a
relaxing walk in the middle of seawaters and highlighting the beauty of mangroves during
an even at night.

Mode of transportations
- The Entry port can be accessed through the major road, (Nursery Boulevard) and can be
passed by via all kinds of land vehicles except heavy duty vehicles.
- All modes of transportation going to the Marine sanctuary is via a manually operated and/or
motor operated small to medium size boats.

Connections
- There are assigned exits for each structure to prevent congestion if there are emergency
situations. (See Emergency Plan)
- There are also assigned entrances for all kinds of users. (See User’s Flow Plan)
- All utility related structure are located along the road for an easy and hassle free access. This
is also to prevent direct contact with the Tourists.

Access
- Site 1 can only be accessed through a 2 way major road frontage, Nursery Boulevard, located
at the southern part of the site.
- Site 2 can be accessed only via transfer through a transportation boat from Site 1 which will
be 15-20 minutes travel time.

Building Unit Connections

- There are elevated walkways that connects each building units.

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3.4 SPACE FOCUS – 2 BEDROOM GUEST ROOM

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STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

The skins or foldable and controllable louvre

panels are designed for the wind to pass
through the building, obtaining maximum
natural lighting and ventilation. It also allows
the structure to have a maximum view of the
site.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

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Design and Themes:

Trends:

1. Mono Column – can minimize the building footprint.

2. Passive Structure – less energy consumption through cross ventilation and natural lighting.
3. RTI Waterless Toilets – disinfect liquid waste, dry and burn solid waste, and convert the resulting
combustion energy into stored electricity. The system also includes innovations to improve
operational utility, energy efficiency and cost.
4. Designing for leisure – integration of new trends to add up to their experiences whilst relaxing
5. Flex rooms - are rooms or areas in the house which have a range of uses, or could be changed at
some point during the year. It’s usually a place in the house which is used for more than one
purpose, for example an entrance hall also being used as a dining room.
6. Inventive Storage Capacity – this is the trend in which helps save space
7. Disaster-Friendly Designs – stilted structures, stability of the structural concept
that can withstand storm surges and/or earthquakes
8. Utilizing the Outdoors – making use of the outdoor spaces can create a cozy and
relaxing atmosphere for the users and the fact that they can connect with nature
through the views they are seeing.

Reference:
http://freshome.com/2014/03/07/10-hottest-fresh-architecture-trends-2014/#ixzz3OPy0PKIw
Color Schemes:
Ocean, nature and wood inspired color schemes

Source: http://akulakreative.com/category/color-inspiration

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Material Choices:

1. Sawali (walls) - a coarse twilled matting of flattened bamboo

strips used in the Philippines for partitions, walling, and
baskets.
- Sawali walls framed in bamboo slats or
bamboo split

2. Pawid (roof cover) - is a term used to call a roof cover used in

old houses (Bahay Kubo) by Filipinos. Pawid is manually
made and composed of basic materials coming from Coconut
leaves, Kawayan (bamboo), and rattan string.

3. Louvre boards (walls and windows – screening and ventilation

panels) – any of a set of horizontal parallel slats in a door or
window, slopingoutwards to throw off rain and admit air.

4. Woven Bamboo (floor) - is created by shredding solid bamboo into fibers,

which are then mixed with a resinous compound and formed into solid
blocks. It has a natural resistance to moisture and mildew, allowing it to last
longer than many flooring materials.

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3.5 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

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CHAPTER 4.0 – SYNTHESIS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The Province of Masbate’s famous Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary is slowly getting
the eyes of the travelers. Such beauty simply defies that nature is well preserved if taken
good care of the people. The redevelopment of Buntod Reef Marine Sanctuary can somehow
be a daunting task since it is considered as a marine protected area and thus it’s rehabilitation
and redevelopment can trigger a dangerous and destructive effect on the life under it.

With further collaboration with the agencies who have grown to protect and nurture
the protected zone, the redevelopment can be sustainable and design resilient. The people
who have lost their livelihood due to its establishment can now earn a living through this
project. They will be the one who will establish a healthy and sustainable way of enjoying
the natural beauty of nature without destruction. And make the travelers and tourist be
responsible enough to nature.

There are some inconsistencies and discrepancies with the scope of the project, some
may be regarding the financial capability, the availability of the introduced technology and
the time frame. But this book is designed to further help the readers to elongate and expand
the body of knowledge based on the topics presented in this book and of the project itself.

175
BIBILIOGRAPHY

City Planning and Development Office (CPDO), Masbate City Comprehensive

Land Use Planning and Zoning Ordinance (2011-2020) and Ecological Profile
(March 2012)

Galloway, Andrew (14 May, 2014) When Biology Inspires Architecture: An

Interview with Doris Kim Sung, retrieved from
http://www.archdaily.com/505016/when-biology-inspires-architecture-an-
interview-with-doris-kim-sung/

Thomas J. Hahn, Jr., RA; hahn@ecosainstitute.org, Assoc. Director, Ecosa

Institute, Prescott, AZ; 928-541-1002

Hilario, F.D. et al.( 2009) Climate Baseline and Change Scenario for the
Philippines

Maibritt Pedersen Zari, Biomimetic Approaches to Architectural Design for

Increased Sustainability

Aldersey-Williams, H. (2003) Zoomorphic - New Animal Architecture,

London, Laurence King Publishing.

Baumeister, D. (April 2007) Evolution of the Life's Principles Butterfly

Diagram, personal communication.

Biomimicry Guild (April 2007) Innovation Inspired by Nature Work Book.

Killeen, M. (May 2002) Water Web. Metropolis Magazine.

Reap, J., Baumeister, D. & Bras, B. (2005) Holism, Biomimicry and

Sustainable Engineering. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference
and Exposition. Orlando, FL, USA.

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 Rosemond, A. D. & Anderson, C. B. (2003) Engineering Role Models: Do
Non-Human Species have the Answers? Ecological Engineering, 20, 379-387.

Vincent, J. F. V., Bogatyrev, O. A., Bogatyrev, N. R., Bowyer, A. & Pahl, A.-
K. (April 2006) Biomimetics - its practice and theory. Journal of the Royal Society
Interface.

Nalusuan Island Resort, retrieved from http://www.cebu-

bluewaters.com/nalusuan-island-resort.html

Monterey Bay Marines Sanctuary, retrieved from

http://montereybay.noaa.gov/vc/sec/green.html

Thomas Hacker Architecture, Green Building Design Highlight of Monterey

Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from
http://thaarchitecture.com/monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-exploration-
center

Herman Miller (2008) retrieved from

http://www.hermanmiller.com/hm/content/case_studies/pdfs/CS_
GLM_FULL.pdf, Zeeland, Michigan

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 ANNEX 1 : LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND MAPS

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 – Application related with Allusion
Figure 1.2 – Lumicor
Figure 1.3 – Mother of Pearl
Figure 1.4 – Coconut flooring
Figure 1.5 – Thermo Bimetals
Figure 2.1 – Average Expected and Maximum Recorded Wind Speed over the Year
Figure 2.2 – Sun Path (Elevation, Top and Rear View)
Figure 2.3 – Spherical Projection, Elevation and Azimuth
Figure 2.4 – Land Use Map with Site
Figure 2.5 – Zoning Map with Site
Figure 2.6 – Location of Site 1 from the City Proper
Figure 2.7 – Catchment Area for Entry Port
Figure 2.8 – Working and Dependent Population
Figure 2.9 – Household Population by Highest Educational Attainment
Figure 3.1 – Rodeo Festival
Figure 3.2 – Lapay Bantigue
Figure 3.3 – Size and Shape of Lot
Figure 3.4 – Buntod Sandbar during high and low tide
Figure 3.6 – Prevailing Wind
Figure 3.7 – Vegetation Map with Exiting Site Development Plan
Figure 3.8 – Nature of Bounding Streets
Figure 3.9 - Location of Utilities and Point of Entry to Site
Figure 4.1 - Projected Annual Population
Figure 4.2 – Visitor Arrival, Visitor Profile and Travel Characteristics
Figure 4.2 – Visitor Arrival, Visitor Profile and Travel Characteristics
Figure 4.3 – Daimler Chrysler bionic car inspired by box fish and tree growth pattern
Figure 4.4 – Matthew Parkes’ Hydrological Center for the Namibia and beetle
Figure 4.5 –Waterloo International Terminal and the Pangolin
Figure 4.6 - The North American Beaver

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Figure 4.7 - Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe and CH2 Building in Australia
Figure 4.8 - Lloyd Crossing Project, Portland, USA
Figure 4.9 - Dog Building, Tirau, New Zealand
Figure 5.1 – Vegetation Map of Site 1 and Site 2
Figure 5.2 - A framework for the Approach of Biomimetic Architecture
Figure 5.3 – Aerial View of the Nalusuan Island Marine Sanctuary
Figure 5.4 – Pier of Nalusuan Island Marine Sanctuary
Figure 5.5 – Parts of the Nalusuan Island Resort and Marine Sanctuary
Figure 5.6 – Monterey Bay Sanctuary Visitor Center
Figure 5.7 – Submarine Canyon
Figure 5.8 – Sustainable Features of the Sanctuary Visitor Center
Figure 5.9 – Forest Stewardship Council certified Sustainable Wood
Figure 6.1 – Thermally Insulated Glass
Figure 6.2 – An example of a Bioswales on a curbside rain garden
Figure 6.3 – High Efficiency Plumbing fixtures
Figure 6.4 – Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center Features

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 – Research Design
Table 1.2 – Scope and Limitations
Table 2.1 - Daily Totals of Sunshine Duration
Table 2.2– Average Number of Rainy Days, 2000-2010
Table 2.3 – Average Rainfall
Table 2.4 - Percentage of Land Area by Slope Category
Table 2.5 – Soil Type (Bolinao Series)
Table 2.6 – Bolinao Clay Loam Characteristics
Table 2.7 - Masbate Telephone Distribution
Table 2.8 – Population Density
Table 2.9 – Highest Educational Attainment
Table 3.1 – Visitor Arrivals in ASEAN Countries, 2004-2009
Table 3.2 – Number of Tourists per Province
Table 3.3 – Three Major Festivals in Masbate City
Table 3.4 – Cultural and Tourism Activities or Festivals
Table 3.5 - Projected Annual Population, Province of Masbate, 2015-2025

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Table 3.6 - Projected Population by Barangay
Table 3.7 - Distribution of Travelers in Region V for year 2006
Table 3.8 – Distribution of Regional Travelers in the Philippines

LIST OF MAPS
Map 1 - Vicinity and Location Map
Map 2 – Climate Map of Masbate City
Map 3 – Flood Susceptible Map Induced by Heavy Rainfall
Map 4 - Trends in frequency of Extreme Daily Rainfall
Map 5 – Temperature Map
Map 6 - Slope Map of Masbate City
Map 7 – Soil Map
Map 8 – Distribution of Active Fault Lines and Trenches, Central Philippines
Map 9 - Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Susceptibility Map
Map 10 – Strongest Earthquake near the Province of Masbate
Map 11 – Strongest Earthquake in Masbate
Map 12 - Tsunami prone areas in the Philippines
Map 13 – Topography Map of Masbate City

ATTACHMENTS: PRESENTATION BOARDS, SCALE MODEL & RATING

SHEETS

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PRESENTATION BOARDS

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SCALE MODEL

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RATING SHEETS

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