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1 - Choose Type of Foundation
1 - Choose Type of Foundation
❖ Functions of foundation: -
1. To transmit the structure loads safety to soil, this transmit of load may be through
..
• Shallow foundation
• Deep foundation
❖ Foundation types: -
a- Shallow foundation
• strip footing
• isolated footing
• combined footing
• strap footing
• Raft
b- deep foundation
▪ Piles
-they are used when the top soil is so weak to use shallow foundation .
o Types of piles :
1- End bearing piles
2- Friction piles
• Factors govering the choice of the type of foundations :-
1- Structure configuration and function
( residential building , tank , pump station,…. )
2- Loads type and magnitude
For example ,
- Foundation for 5 story building will not the same for 20 story
building
3- Soil condition
( bearing capacity , settlement )
4- Ground water table
5- Estimate cost of foundation and available budget
1. Structure configuration
2. Depth of top soil (( fill ))
3. Location of different utilities , sewer pipe, water pipe , cable pf electricity.
4. Location of grand water table
5. Location of the foundation of existing building
❖ Choose the type of the foundation: -
Ratio
𝐴.𝐹
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐴.𝐿
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
Ratio foundation
˂ 75% isolated
75-100 % Raft
˃100 % Deep Foundation
Settlement
Settlemen foundatio
t n
˂ 3 cm isolated
3-10 cm Raft
˃10 cm Deep Foundation
- S= 𝑚𝑣 ∗ 𝐻𝑐 ∗ ∆𝜎
𝐶𝑐
- S= ∗ 𝐻𝑐 ∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜎°+∆𝜎 )
1+𝑒 𝜎°
𝑐𝑚2 /𝑘𝑔
𝐻𝑐
Z= 2
𝐶𝑐
Cc=.009(L.L- 10 %)
e = void ratio
σ° =Σɤ.h from (G.S) to ( c.L of clay layer )
(0.0)
example: - Fill
γ=12.5 kN/m3
it's required to choose the type of foundation
(-2.0)
suitable for the site, allowable settlement in case
Med. Clay
isolated = 3 cm, Raft = 10 cm
2
qu=100 kN/m
• site area =16*15
mv = 3*10-4 m2 /kN
• loaded area = 4*5
• P col. =1000 KN. (-12.0)
𝑞𝑢 100
𝐶= = = 50𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
2 2
∴ 𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑆 = 𝑚𝑣 ∗ 𝐻𝑐 ∗ ∆𝜎
L=3.5 m
∎ mv=3*10−4 KN/𝑚2
B= 3m
∎𝐻𝑐 = 2 ∗ B ⇒ 𝐴𝐹 = 10.52 = 𝐿 ∗ 𝐵 𝑯𝒄 𝟔
𝒁= = = 𝟑𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
Effective depth assume L = 3.5 B= 3 m
Pcol. = 1000 KN
𝐻𝑐 = 2 ∗ 3 = 6 𝑚
𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑙.
∎ ∆𝜎 ( 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ) =
( 𝐿+𝑍)(𝐵+𝑍)
1000
∆𝜎 = = 25.6 KN/𝑚2
( 3.5+3)(3+3)
=12000 KN
𝐻𝑐
(𝑍 = =5𝑚)
2
𝜀 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑙.
∆𝜎 (𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑡) =
(𝐿+𝑍)(𝐵+𝑍)
12000
∆𝜎 = = 28.57 𝐾𝑁 /𝑚2
(16+5)(15+5)