HELMINTHS AND EDWARDSIELLA

JENNIFER ALEXANDRA DIAZ BETANCOURT

 HELMINTHS
FLATWORMS NEMATODES
FLUKES NEMATODOS
Gyrodactylus Contracaecum
Diplostomum Rhabdochona
Clinostomum eustrongylides
Euclinostomum Gnathostoma
Plagioporus
Haplorchis
Metorchis
Neochasmus Sonja Kleinertz 2018
Centrocestus
Maldonado 2018
Transversotrema
Anisakis Picture: Gnathostoma
Flukes (Duelas) CESTODES
Cestodes (Tapeworm) Ligula intestinalis
Picture: Gyrodactylus Diphyllobothrium latum
 DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
• Difilobotriasis, botriocefalosis o botriocefaliasis
Steinhart 2007

• They are very long parasites

• In its life cycle it requires copepods where they develop the

larval phase..

• Its usual hosts are carp, catfish, salmon, trout and tilapia.

Rodney 2014
Brito 2017
LIFECYCLE

Rios 2004
 DISTRIBUTION DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

LATIN AMERICAN • Asia

COUNTRIES
• Europa
• Chile
• North América
• Perú

• Argentina

• Brasil

Quijada 2005
 DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMPTOMS

SYMPTOMS AFFECTED POPULATION

• Inactivity • Humans
• Emaciation • Dogs
• Lack of apetite • Bears
• Abdominal distension

Thomas Weitzel 2014

Diphyllobothrium latum adult

phase, with more than 1,000
proglottids, was expelled
spontaneously by a patient who
became infected after eating
López 2018 Rivas 2022
trout ceviche caught in the Los
Lagos Region (Chile).
 DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS
• NECROPSY

ASSESSMENT IN MICROSCOPE
• scraping of mucus, gills
• Blood smear
• digestive content
• Imprints.
Jerez 2022
 PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT

• Ideal for treating pond fish.

• Eliminate intermediate • Pond
• To treat a wide variety of internal
hosts (copepods). cleaning
and external parasites.

• Will not stress fish or seepage

damage.

• 5 ml * 25 liters of water.
Kile 2016

• 8 ounce container for 1,250 liters of

water.
 EDWARDSIELLA
ETIOLOGICAL AGENTG
• rand negative bacteria.

• It's a bacillus

• Anaerobic bacteriaIt

• Produces a disease known as

Mildred 2017
edwardsiellosis.

• E. Tarda Fish
• E. Ictaluri

• E. Hoshinae Reptiles and birds

Morrot 2018
 Incubation period 24 Multiplication and
hours colonization 2-4 days

Septicemia The bacteria reaches

the bloodstream.

INJURIES
• Kidney
• Swim bladder
• Liver
• Spleen
• Gills
• Abdominal cavity
• Necrotic cavities
• Muscle piercin Hemorrhagic exudate and
gabscesses hepatic edema.
Piñeros 2010 Torres 2018
 DISTRIBUTION

• Asia: Corea de sur, china,

Japón

• Europa

• Oceanía: Australia

• América de norte: EEUU

• América de sur: Colombia,

chile, Perú.
Toranzo 2021
Nuria 2011
 DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMPTOMS

SYMPTOMS AFFECTED POPULATION DEATH RATE

• Anorexy • Humans • 30 A 100%

• Erratic or spiral
swimming
• Lethargy
• corneal opacity
• Bleeding in the eyes
• Hemorrhage at the base
of the fins and in the
operculum.

Salati 2013
 MACROSCOPIC LESIONS

Hemorrhagic petechiae on the skin Abdominal distension Severe ascites in baby catfish

Ulcers with reddish edges White and red nodule typical of

Edwardsiella Very severe white and reddish nodule

(Fotos: Andy Godwin Shotts y Plumb 2003)

 MICROSCOPIC LESIONS

Pericarditis Congested kidney Liver tissue with granulomas

Sierralta 2020
 DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS

BACTERIAL
CULTURE

Sagar 2022

PCR

Ortiz 2020
 PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT
• Clean water flow

• Oxytetracycline 55mg/kg of fish for

10 days

Mollison 2013

• Pond cleaning

Acuagranja 2023
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Grano-Maldonado, Mayra I., Rodríguez-Santiago, María Amparo, García-Vargas, Fernando, Nieves-Soto, Mario, & Soares, Florbela. (2018). Una infección
emergente causada por Gyrodactylus cihlidarum Paperna, 1968 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) asociada con mortalidad masiva en tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus (L.) de cultivo en la costa del Pacífico mexicano. Revista latinoamericana de investigaciones acuáticas , 46 (5), 961-
968. https://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol46-issue5-texto-completo-9

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8Gd2kI99S4

• Vásquez-Piñeros Mónica A., Rondón-Barragán Iang S, Restrepo-Betancur Luis F, Eslava-Mocha Pedro R.. Estudio clínico y hematológico de una infección
experimental con Aeromonas hydrophila y Edwardsiella tarda en tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Orinoquía [Internet]. junio de 2010 [consultado el 3 de marzo de
2023]; 14(1): 33-44. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-37092010000100005&lng=en.

• Park, SB, Aoki, T. & Jung, TS Patogénesis y estrategias para prevenir la infección por Edwardsiella tarda en peces. Vet Res 43 , 67 (2012).
https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-43-67

• Santiago de Compostela, 2011 Edwardsiella tarda: patógeno emergente en el cultivo del rodaballo Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de
Biología / CIBUS – Instituto de Acuicultura Universidad de Santiago de Compostela file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/CastroIglesias%20(1).pdf

• Miguel Reyes Milla Revisión epidemiológica de la difilobrotiasis

https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/103426/REYES%20MILLA%20MIGUEL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

• Fernando Jimenez, Hilda Garza, Felicidad Segovia, Lucio Galaviz, Juan Manuel Adame – Parasitos y enfermedades de la tilapia 2educion – facultad de ciencias
biológicas. Libro digital noviembre 1988 http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1020082555/1020082555.PDF
 Gracias
Jennifer Diaz
jennifer.diazbet@campusucc.edu.co