FEEDMAKI

NGANDFEEDFORMULA
Ti
wet
eli
vest
ockconsul
tancy
.
Cont
act
:+265881058048/
+265993977739

Tabl
eofcont
ent
s
1.Kali
midwekamphut
si(
maggot
product
ion)
…………………………………………………….
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.1
2.Chi
yambi
chakapangi
dwekachakudy
achazi
wet
o…………………………………….
..
.5
3.Kapangi
dwekachakudyachankhukuzamazi
ra,
mikol
ongwe,sassokomansokr
oil
er………………………………………………………….
.7
4.Kapangi
dwekachakudy
achankhukuzany
ama(
broi
l
er)………………………………8
5.Kapangi
dwekachakudy
a6.Kapangi
dwekachakudy
achankhumba……………….
..9
 Uni
t1
MAGGOTPRODUCTI
ON

USESOFMAGGOTS
Li
vest
ockfarmer
sli
kef
ishandpoul
tr
ynowpur
chaseal
argenumberofmaggot
sei
ther
dr
yorfresh
Theyar
eaddedt
oli
vest
ockf
eedorf
eedt
hem di
rect
lyt
otheani
mal
s.
WHYMAGGOTS?
?
Maggoti
samajorsourceofprot
einandot
hernat
ural
nut
ri
ent
sthatani
mal
sneedt
o
per
for
mthei
rdai
lyacti
vit
ies.
Maggotf
armi
ngcur
rent
lynott
oo
BELOW ARETHEUSESOFMAGGOT
1.Maggoti
sanal
ter
nat
ivet
ofeedf
ish.
2.I
tisuset
ofeedv
ari
ouspoul
tr
yli
kechi
cken,
tur
keyandduck.
3.Maggotal
soser
vesasanexcel
l
entr
epl
acementf
orf
ishmeal
inf
eedpr
oduct
ion.
4.I
tisapotent
ial
sol
uti
ont
owast
emanagementont
hef
arm becauset
hewast
eist
he
rawmater
ialto
pr
oducemaggot
s.
5.Maggotpr
ovi
desf
ert
il
izerf
orcr
oppr
oduct
ion.
HOW TOSTARTPRODUCI
NGMAGGOT
1.Sel
ectLocat
ion

Selectalocat
ionwi
thvegetat
ionsl
i
ket
reesandl
eav
essot
hatt
heycanhel
pto
absorbtheodourfr
om yourpen.
Checkfort
ermit
esandotherpr
edat
orst
hatcanf
eedony
ourmaggotand
i
nstal
ledpr
otect
ivemeasur
es.
2. Const
ructhousi
ng
Tosuity
ourspaceandscal
eofpr
oduct
ion.
Youcanconst
ructasmal
lopen
housewit
haroof.
 Thefl
oorofthepenhouseshouldbefl
ooredwit
hconcr
ete.
Youcanst
artby
usi
ngplast
icdrumsassubstr
atedrum andcol
l
ecti
ngdr
um
Const
ructdrainagear
oundthepenhouset
opreventt
ermi
tes,
li
zar
dandr
ats
fr
om accessingyourpenandcausi
ngdamage.
Mal
owaakhal
eotet
ezedwakuny
amamongachi
nswezomwezi
thakuononga
mamaggotsant
hu
Choy ambili
rakupezamaloabwinoamenendikulimit
engoy ambir
ikutpafarm
pathukapenapakhomopasakhal efungol
ochokerakuzit
huzomwet i
gwiri
tse
ntchiropopangamphusiziChi
nansotimay
enerakukomnzakakhol akomwe
ti
zikapangir
aulimiumenewuwamamaggot skakhozakukhalatankkasizey a
ngatki t
chen.Pomwet i
kuyambakumenetit
hakugwiri
tsantchit
imabinapl asti
c
kapenamabi gi
ri
.ngatmaloomweul i
miwuuzichi
ti
ki
ra
Ndebi
gur
iimeney
iti
mai
kamukaki
tchenkaj
a..
3.Col
l
ectYourRawMat
eri
als
Poul
tr
ydr
oppi
ngi
sthemostpopul
arr
awmat
eri
alf
ormaggotpr
oduct
ion.
Youcangetpoul
tr
ydr
oppi
ngf
rom poul
tr
yfar
mer
swi
thi
nyourl
ocat
ionf
ora
smal
lfee.
I
ntr
oducet
hedr
oppi
ngandf
lyat
tract
anti
ntot
hesubst
ractt
ankaf
tercol
l
ect
ion.
Rottenfr
uit
sandf oodi
sal
soagoodal
ter
nat
ivet
opoul
tr
ydr
oppi
ngandt
heyar
e
excell
entat
tract
ant.
>Ti
may
ener
akusi
yabasi
nlot
segul
akutnt
chet
chezi
zi
thakul
owamo.
Ndechimachi
ti
kandi
ichi
..
zil
ombozoulukazikabwer
azimai
kir
amazir
akenako
mazir
aajaamakul
amkupangatizi
lombototchedwalar
vaekomapupazomwe
ndi
mamaggot somwet i
kukambir
anawa
kutmazi
raakhwi
mamwasangakomansoochul
uka.
Pakadusa8to12hrsmazi
laaj
aamayambakut
ulusamamagot
sndi
pot
it
ha
kuwakolor
apakat
hamatsi
kuokwana5
Mukatankkapenapal emuj ati
mayenerakui
kamozi thuzi
menezizi
yi
tana
nt
chet
chendi zil
ombozi nazoul
uka.Zi
thuzabwinondi mongazi
pasozokupsa
kwambir
i.
,chit
osichankhukukomansoenaamat hakugulamaoffal
skapena
nyamamkui kakutikay
amakuonai zi
it
anantchetchezo.
HEREI
SHOW THEMAGI
CHAPPENS
1.Adul
tfemal
efl
i
esl
ayupt
o2500eggsundercont
rol
l
edcondi
ti
on.
2.Theyl
ayt
hei
reggsont
hesubst
rat
e(Poul
tr
yDr
oppi
ng)
 3.Theeggshat
chaf
ter8t
o12hour
s.
4.Thel
arv
alst
agel
ast
sabout5day
swhi
l
ethepupal
stagef
or4t
o5day
s.
5.Thehousef
lyhas6day
scy
cleundercont
rol
l
edcondi
ti
ons.
6.Wat
ert
hesubst
rat
edai
l
ytoi
ncr
easepr
oduct
ion.
7.Maggoti
sreadyt
ohar
vestwi
thi
n4-
5day
s.

FEEDI
NG
1.Theadul
tfl
yfeedsmai
nlyondecay
ingor
gani
cmat
ter
.
2.Maggot
sfeedf
or4-
5day
sandt
henmi
grat
etopupat
einadr
ypl
ace.
3.Thef
li
esmat
eandl
ayeggsbet
weenf
eedi
ngper
iods.
4.450gr
amsoff
reshmanur
ecanf
eed1500maggot
s.
HARVESTI
NG
Youcanhar vestmaggotwi ththreediff
erentmethods; 1.Thef l
otat
ion
met hodwher et hemanur ei
smi xedwi t
hwat erandthel arvaeandpupae
fl
oatoutt obecol l
ectedwit
hasi eve.2.Thescreeningmet hodwherethe
manur eisspr eadinat hi
nlayeronasi eve(3mm)pl acedov erabasin
undersunlight:thelarvaetr
yt oescapethelightbypassi ngthroughthe
screenandf allintothebasin.3.Theself-
coll
ectmet hodi swherethelarv
a
i
str appedbycol l
ecti
ngtankswhent helarvaistry
ingt oescape.
STORAGE
Youcanst
oreyourhar
vest
edmaggotbywashi
ngandpar
boi
l
ingt
he
maggotst
oremoveandkil
lpat
hogens.
Dr
ythem usi
ngei
thert
hesunort
heov
en.
Af
terdr
ying,
putt
hem i
nai
rt
ightcont
ainer
sandst
orei
nadr
ypl
ace.

Uni
t2
FEEDMAKI
NGANDFEEDFORMULA
 Feedmaki
ngi
nani
mal
sisal
socal
l
edr
ati
onf
ormul
ati
on
WHATI
SRATI
ONFORMULATI
ON?
 I
tistheut
il
izat
ionofknowl
edgeaboutnut
ri
ent
s,f
eedst
uff
sandani
malstoa
devel
opmentofnutr
it
ional
l
yadequat
erati
onst
hatwil
lbeeat
eni
nsuff
ici
ent
 amount
stopr
ovi
del
evel
ofpr
oduct
iondesi
redatr
easonabl
ecost
s.
Komati
sanayambekupangachakudy
ati
yeni
tizi
wezi
thuzomwet
ingaper
ekekunkhuku
zat
hundii
zi
;
Mai
zebran(
deyawachimanga),Soya,
Ricebran(
dey
awampunga) ,Wheatbran(dey
a
wat
ir
igu)
,Cassava(chi
nangwa),
Fishmeal(
nsomba),Meatandbonemeal ,
Sunfl
ower
(
mpendazuwa) ,
Groundnuts(
mtedza)

ZOMWETI
MAYENERAKUGULAKUSHOP
(
FEEDADDI
TIVES)
Ly
sine,
l
imepowder
/st
one,
met
hioni
ne,
monocal
cium phosphat
e,sal
t,pr
emi
x.
NJI
RAZOPANGI
RAFEEDFORMULAE
(
Tizi
fot
okozer
abwi
nomumal
essonant
hu)
 Sof
twar
eappl
i
cat
ionmongaf
eedcal
cul
atory
omwei
ampezekapai
nter
net
 Pear
sonsquar
e
 Excel
KUKONZACHAKUDYACHAZI
WETO.
(
FEEDPROCESSI
NG)
1.Palizakudyazi
nazimafuni
kakuzikonzakay
etisanaper
ekekuzi
wetomonga
nkhukukomansonkhumba.Zakudy amongasoy ati
mayener
akumukazi
ngakay
e.
Chondesoy aotchedwafuul
fatkapenalowf
atamakhalaokomnzakal
ekoter
o
si
ti
kuy ener
akumukazinganso.
2. Chondesi
ti
kuyenerakukazi
ngakwambi
risoy
awat huchi
fukwaamapangi
sa
nyamakutzisagwil
i
sebwi nont
chi
tocr
udeprotei
n)Mwachidul
eti
sapsel
erese
soya)
3.Tisadyesenkhukuzat
humtedzaochul
uka.
Mumt endamul i
afr
atoxi
namene
amay ambisamatendaomweamagwi r
achi
psepsechankhukumpakaimat
ha
kufa..
 Chinansomchakut
iti
kuy
ener
akuomesesakutzi
nthuzomweti
gwili
sentchi
to
mongachimangakomansogagandizoumabwinokupangi
rakutchakudya
chankhukuchi
saor
ensanga
 Onesesankutmul
indiscal
e,chisakachoy
aniki
rauf
achi
ja,
wheelbar
rowkapena
pal
iponsepony
amuli
ra,
shovelkomansochigayochi
khal
echil
ipaf
upi
.
 Yezeni
mul
i
ngooy
ener
amol
i
nganandi
mmenemaf
ormul
aant
huakut
iuzi
ra
 chondemusachepesekapenakuonj
ezer
apazomwef
ormul
ayat
hui
kut
iuzi
ra.
 Kwaamenet
inapangapoz
obakerdongosol
olakendichi
mozi
mozi
.
 Mutapangazonsezipi
tanikuchi
gayochomwemulinachopaf
upikutmukagay
e
zi
nthumongachi manga,soya,
mtedzakomansozansombandizakudy
azonse
zomwezi maf
unikakugaya.
 Chondeapempheni
eni
chi
gay
okut
iachosesef
akut
izakudy
azat
huzi
khal
e
zamisel
e

FEEDI
NGLAYERSCHI
CKEN
KUDYESANKHUKUZAMADZI
RA

Zoy
ener
akut
sat
ir
apakady
edwesakankhukuzamazi
ra

Anapi
yeti
mayener
ati
wapasemadzi osakani
zandi mul
ti
vi
tami
nkwa3-
4hour
.Pakat
ha3
-
4hourst
imay
ambakuzipasazakudy
al i
modzi ndi
madzi.
Chi
cksmustbegi
venf
eedandwat
erassoonast
heyar
eputi
ntot
hebr
ooderhouse.

Pal
imi
tunduy
azakudy
azankhukuzamadzi
rami
tundui
tat
u
1.
lay
ersst
art
er(
day
oldupt
oweek8)
2.
lay
ersgr
ower
(week9upt
oweek17)
3l
ayer
smar
sh(
week18upt
oweek80)

Complet
est
art
erf
eedsshoul
dbeusedf
orchi
cksandf
edwi
thoutgr
ainunt
ilt
heyar
esi
x
weeksol
d.

About18kgofst
art
ermashper100bi
rdsi
srequi
redf
ort
hef
ir
stt
woweeks.

Fr
om 2-
6weeks,
113-
136kgofst
art
ermashi
sneededper100chi
cks
Chi
cksi
zegritshoul
dbeprovi
dedwhent
hechi
cksar
eyoungandamedi
um-
sizedgr
it
gi
venastheybecomeolder
.

At88weekschanget
her
ati
ont
ogr
ower
smash15%CPunt
ilt
heyar
e14wksol
d.

From 1420wkst
her
ati
onshoul
dcont
ain12%CP.
uGr
ainmaybef
edf
rom 6wks
onwards.
Grainandmashshoul
dbefedi
nsepar
atefeeder
s.Begi
nwith4.
5kggraint
o45kgof
mash.Gradual
l
yincr
easet
heamountofgr
ainunti
lther
ati
onisone-
halfgr
ainandone-
halfmash.

At18to20wksofagechanget
her
ati
ontol
ayer
smash(
17%CP)
.Thechangeshoul
d
begradual
madeoverat
woweekperi
odoft
ime.

Thecostperuni
teggsproducedshoul
dbeusedi
ndeci
dingwhi
chi
sthemost
economical
rat
iontouse.

Li
ghtbreedseatabout10.
9kgper100hensperdayt
ransl
ati
ngi
ntoat
otal
of40.
852.
2
kgoffeedperhenperyear.

About0.
92.
3kgofoy
stershel
land0.
45kgofgr
itpery
earperhenar
erequi
red.

Therat
ionforl
ayingf
lockshoul
dnotbesuddenlychanged.Ev
enchangi
ngf
rom coar
se
tof
inegroundfeedmaycausestressi
nthehens.

Li
ghtwei
ghtbr
eedsr
equi
re7.
6m off
eederspaceand1.
3m ofwat
erspaceper100
bi
rds.

Heavywei
ghtbr
eedsneed10.
2m off
eederspaceand2.
5m ofwat
erspaceper100
bi
rds
Layer
sstart
eramayeneraankhal
eopandamisel
eyochukakomasochi
magachochul
uka
kutnkhukuzant
husizav
uti
kekudyandikugay
achakudya

Nkhukuzamadzirazi
mafunamadziambi
richonchongat
inkhukuzant
hut
ikuzi
pasa
madziochepazi
masiy
akuiki
ramadzi
ra

WATER
Kuf
uni
ki
rakwamadzi
munkhukuzat
hu:

Thi
sisv
erycr
it
ical
especi
all
yinhotar
eas

Kumalonotent
hati
mayenerakuonesesakutmadzi
akuper
ekedwaokwani
rakomanso
kupangacheckpaf
upi
paf upi
ngatiatent
ha

Lackofwat
ermayr
esul
tinr
educedeggpr
oduct
ionandpossi
blydeat
h

(
Ngatmadz
iakuchepankhukuzi
masi
yakui
ki
ramazi
ra)
Zi
nazi
maf
a

Kodi
tigapewebwanj
izi
menekunkhukuzant
huzamadkr
a
Pozi
pasamadzi
ambi
ri
Madzi
kui
kamomul
ti
vi
tami
ncal
cium kut
izi
saf
emut
hawi
imene
LAYERSSTARTERMARSH

Mai
ze21kg
Mai
zebr
an10kg
Sunf
lowercake3.
75kg
Lowf
atsoy
a5kg
Ful
lfatsoy
a5kg
Gr
oundnut
scake3.
5kg
Li
mepowder1.
15kg
Lay
erspr
emi
x0.
1kg
Sal
t0.
2kg
Met
hioni
ne0.
05kg
Monocal
cium phosphat
e(MCP)0.
25kg

LAYERSGROWERRATI
O

mai
ze20kg
mai
zebr
an13kgsunf
lowercake3.
5kg
l
owf
atsoy
a7.
5kg
f
ulf
atsoy
a2.
5kg
f
is.hmeal
1.5kg
l
i
mepower1.
25kg
l
ayer
spr
emi
x0.
1
mcp0.
4kg
met
hioni
ne0.
05kg
sal
t0.
2kg
LAYERSMARSHRATI
O
mai
ze20kg
mai
zebr
an8.
5kg
sunf
lowercake4kg
l
owf
atsoy
a10kg
Ful
fatsoy
a2.
5k
l
i
mepower4.
25kg
Lay
erspr
emi
x0.
1kg
mcp0.
4kg
met
hioni
ne0.
05kg
sal
t0.
15kg
car
rophi
l
l0.
05kg

FEEDSANDFEEDI
NGBROI
LERS
Theret
hreet
ypesoff
eedswhi
char
efedt
obr
oil
ersf
rom day0t
ofi
nishi
ngandt
hese
are:
1.Broi
l
erst
art
er:
cont
ains23%CP,
2900Kcal
s/kgofener
gyshoul
dcont
ain3%added
fat.
2.
Broi
l
erGr
ower
:cont
ains20%CP,
3000Kcal
s/kgofener
gy.
3.
Broi
l
erFi
nisher
:cont
ains18%CP,
3200Kcal
s/kgofener
gy.

FEEDI
NGSYSTEMS
Pal
inj
i
razi
wir
izomwet
igany
esel
enkhukuzant
huzany
a

THREEFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
i
yindi
nji
ray
omwet
imagwi
ri
tsant
chi
tomi
tunduy
azakudy
ayonsey
abr
oil
er
Thr
eef
eedsy
stem:
Br
oil
erst
art
er = 0-21day
s

Br
oil
ergr
ower
smash = 21-42day
s
Br
oil
erFi
nisherf
rom day42t
oday56

TWOFEEDSYSTEM
I
yii
nagawi
dwapawi
ri

TWOFEEDSYSTEM

Br
oil
erst
art
er = 0 28day
s

Br
oil
erf
ini
sher = 2856day
s

Or
Br
oil
erst
art
er = 0-21day
s

Br
oil
erf
ini
sher = 21-42day
s

*
FEEDCONSUMPTI
ONPERBI
RD*

Fr
om 1t
o21day
s 1-1.
5kg

Fr
om 22t
o56day
s2.
8-3.
5kg

Assumi
ngwear
ehav
ing100bi
rdandf
rom day1t
oday22,
onebi
rxhasconsumed
1.
5kgs
Oncal
cul
ati
on100bi
rdswi
l
lconsume150kgswhi
chi
s100t
imes1.
5kgs

I
nshor
t100bi
rdswi
l
lneed3bagsofst
art
erf
eed
Fr
om day22t
oday56t
heconsumpt
ionwi
l
lincr
easet
o3.
5kgshence
100bi
rdswi
l
lneed350kgsoff
eedt
hat
s100t
imes3.
5kgs
350=7bagsof50kgseach

Thismeansifwear
ekeepi
n100bi
rdsweshoul
dpr
epar
eat
leastnotl
esst
ha10bagsof
feed(
500kg

BROI
LERSTARTER

Mai
ze20.
25kg
Mai
zebr
an8.
5kg
Ri
cebr
an5.
5kg
Fi
shmeal
1.25kg
Soy
abeanmeal
12.
65kg
Ly
sine0.
104kg
Li
mepowder0.
955kg
Pr
imi
xI0.
0124kg
Mcp.0.
565kg
Met
hioni
ne0.
111kg
Sal
t0.
111kg
BROI
LERSTARTER

Mai
ze24.
3kg
Wheatbr
an3.
5kg
Ri
cebr
an3.
5kg
Fi
shmeal
6kg
Sunf
lower5kg
Ful
fatsoy
a4.
8kg
Ly
sine0.
1kg
Li
mepowder0.
4kg
Pr
emi
x1.0.
0125kg
Met
hioni
ne0.
08kg
MCP 0.
16kg
Sal
t0.
13kg

BROI
LERGROWER
Mai
ze25.
7kg
Mai
zebr
an2.
9kg
Fi
shmeal
4.5kg
Soy
abeanmeal
6.3kg
Ful
fatsoy
a10kg
Ly
sine0.
1kg
DLmet
hioni
ne0.
1kg
DCP0.
3Kg
sal
t0.
1kg
BROI
LERFI
NISHER
Mai
ze22.
8kg
Mai
zebr
ain10.
25kg
Soy
abeanmeal
4.2kg
Ful
fatsoy
a8kg
Fi
shmeal
4.2kg
Pr
imi
x0.
1
Ly
sine0.
05kg
DLmet
hioni
ne0.
1
Dcp0.
2
Sal
t0.
1

BROI
LERFI
NISHER
Mai
ze21.
38kg
Mai
zebr
an9.
165kg
Fi
shmeal
3.69kg
Soy
abeanmeal
13.
4kg
Li
mepowder1.
05kg
Pr
emi
xfi
nisher0.
13kg
Met
hioni
ne0.
13kg
MCP0.
45kg
Sal
t0.
15kg
ORGANI
CBROI
LERSSTARTER
Mai
ze=22kg
Wheatbr
an=3kg
Sunf
lower=3.
9kg
Fi
shmeal
=0.
7kg
Lowf
atsoy
a=13.
9kg
Ful
lfatsoy
a=4kg
Mol
i
nga=1kg
Gar
li
c=0.
8kg
Gi
rger=0.
5kg
Sal
t=0.
2kg

BROI
LERSGROWER
Cr
ushedmai
ze24.
5kg
Wheatbr
an2.
350kg
l
owf
at19kg
Ful
lfat6kg
Fi
shmeal
1.200kg
Sunf
lower5kg
Li
mest
onepowder400g
Sal
t100g
Mol
i
nga500g
Gi
nger500g,
Gar
li
c300g
Cannenepepper200g
ORGANI
CBROI
LERSFI
NISHER
Mai
ze=29.
75kg
Wheatbr
an=1kg
Fi
shmeal
=0.
75kg
Ful
lfatsoy
a=5kg
Lowf
atsoy
a=9kg
Mol
i
nga=0.
7kg
Gar
li
c=0.
6kg
Gi
nger=0.
7kg
Tumer
li
c=0.
3kg
Sal
t=0.
2kg
FEEDI
NGFORLOCALCHI
CKEN
Nkhukuzal
ocal
timazi
pat
sacompoundedf
eed
Kodi
compoundedf
eedndi
chani
??
I
yindif
eedy omweimapangidwaposakanizaener
gyfeedst
uffpr
otei
nfeedst
uff
ssal
t
andAshofeggshel
l
sorDI-calci
um phosphat
e(DCP)
Mwachi
tsanzot
il
indi
zakudy
aizi
:
Ener
gyf
eed:
mai
ze,
madey
a,whatbr
ainr
icebr
anndi
mapi
ra
Zokul
i
tsat
hupi
:soy
a,f
ishmeal
sunf
loweret
c:
Mami
ner
als:
Cal
ci
um,
bur
nedeggshel
landSal
t
Kutit
ipangezakudy
azankhukuzal
ocalt
imayener
atisakhezokudy
azomwezi
kupezeka
kuder
al anukomansozi
khal
ezochi
pakut
iti
pangeprofi
tyambiri
Mucompoundedf
eedmumay
ener
amukhal
e;
 ener
gyf
eed69%
 pr
otei
nfeed30.
5%
 Sal
tandcal
ci
um 0.
5%
Mwachit
sanzomukuf unamupange30kgyachakudy
aChankhukuzanthuzalocal
ndipomulindizakudy
aizimapi
ramadey
asoy
amealf ishmeal,
sal
tandbur
nedegg
shell
Chonchoener
gyf
eedi
ngr
edi
ent
smuchakudy
a
=50kg×69/
100
=34.
5kgofener
gyi
ngr
edi
ent
s
Pr
otei
ningr
edi
ent
s
=50kg×30.
5/100
15.
25kgofener
gyf
eedst
uff
s
Sal
tandcal
cium
=50kg×0.
5/100
=0.
25kg
Chonchocompoundedf
eedf
orl
ocal
chi
ckensi
khal
amot
ere:
Mai
ze=20kg
Madey
a=14.
5kg
Soy
ameal
=13.
25kg
Fi
shmeal
=2kg
Eggshel
l
sAsh=t
abl
espoon
Mol
i
nga0.2kg
Al
oev
erapowder0.
05kg
Gar
li
cteaspoon
Kapena:
Compoundedf
eedf
orl
ocal
chi
ckens
Ri
cebr
an=8kg
Mai
ze=16kg
Mapi
ra10.
5kg
Soy
ameal
=13.
5kg
Fi
shmeal
/maggot
s/t
ermi
tes2kg
Sal
t=0.
07kg
Eggshel
l
sAsh=0.
08kg
Mol
i
nga=0.
2g
ZI
ZIRIFEEDMAKI
NG

ZI
ZIRISTARTERRATI
ON
Zi
zi
rizant
huzi
mady
azi
zi
rist
art
erf
rom day
oldt
o4weeks
Mai
ze26.
5kg
soy
abeanmeal
20kg
f
ishmeal
2.5kg
l
i
mest
one0.
6kg
DCP0.
15kg
Ly
sine0.
05kg
met
hioni
ne0.
05kg
br
oil
erpr
imi
x0.
17kg
t
oxf
in0.
05kg

ZI
ZIRIFI
NISHERRATI
ON
Kenakakuchokaweek4upt
o6or7weekzi
may
ener
akudy
azi
zi
rif
ini
sher

ZI
ZIRIFI
NISHERRATI
O
mai
ze27.
25kg
soy
abeanmeal
10.
5kg
f
ull
fatsoy
a10kg
f
ishmeal
1kg
l
i
mest
one0.
8kg
DCP0.
1KG
l
ysi
ne0.
075kg
pr
emi
x0.
17kg
sal
t0.
2kg
t
oxf
in0.
05kg
ZI
ZIRILAYERSRATI
O

Fr
om week6or7zi
may
ambakui
ki
rachonchoz
imaf
unazi
zi
ril
ayer
s
Mai
ze24kg
Soy
abeanmeal
9.5kg
f
ishmeal
1kg
l
i
mest
one4kg
dcp0.
5kg
l
ysi
ne0.
06kg
met
hioni
ne0.
08kg
pr
imi
x0.
17kg
sal
t0.
2kg
Toxf
in0.
05kg

FEEDFORMULAESFORPI
GS
 Gwirit
sanint
chit
omaformul
aomwealimmusiwapopangazakudyazaziwet
oza
potsati
randondomekozomwet
afot
okozapamwambapo,pamut uotchedwa
kukonzazakudya

 FACTORSAFFECTI
NGFEEDI
NTAKEI
NPI
G
 Ageofani
mal
s.
 Bodywei
ght
.
 Ty
peofani
mal
s
 Met
abol
i
sabl
eener
gyoff
eed.
 Feedst
ruct
ureor
.hi
ghener
gyf
eed.
 Temper
atur
e.
 Feedi
ngspace.
  Ani
mal
'
sheal
th.
FEEEDI
NGBOARSANDRATI
t
hisasf
oll
ows:
(
Menet
igady
esel
etondewant
huwankhumba)
 NOTWORKINGBOAR-Feed2.
2kg/day(t
ondey
emweasakugwi
rant
chi
to
amay
ener
aadye2.
2kgpatsi
kuli
modzi
)
 LIGHTWORKINGBOAR-Feed2.
8kg/day(tondey
emweakukwel
erakamodzi
kapenakawi
riamay
ener
aadye2.
8kgpat
siku)
 WORKINGTOCAPACITY-Feed3.
5kg/day(tondey
emweakugwi
rant
chi
to
kwambir
iamay
ener
aadye3.5kgpat
sikul
imodzi
HANDLI
NGOFHERDBOAR
Ti
musamal
ebwanj
itondewankhumba
Afterweaning,Boar
sshoul dgr
owtogetherwi t
htheGi lt
supt othefour
thmont h.
SeparatetheBoarsfrom thegi
lt
saft
erthef ourmont hs.Theyreachpubertyandcause
restl
essnesstothegilt
s.(Anaamunaankhumbazant hutimayenerati
wasiyemunkhola
l
imodzi ndianaakadziankhumbazanthukwami yedziinayi
.Pakathamiyezii
nayi
ti
may eneraanaaamunaankhumbazant hut i
wachosemonkhol amomwemul i
ti
nkhumbat ati
kadzit
ijachif
ukwaapatinkhumbat ati
munat i
makhalayayambakuf una
kukwelera).

Atsi
xmont hstheyhav
esexdesi reandcanmakegil
tspregnant.Forpract
ical
purposes
usethem f
rom 6-8monthswhiletheyweigh80110kgliveweight.Youcanuset hem at
oneservi
ceperweek.Boarsreachmat ur
eageatoneyearold.Attenmont hsusethem
2to3servicesaweekandr estthem f
oraweek.

FEEDI
NGSOW/
GILTDURI
NGGESTATI
ON
 Ai
m atkeepi
ngheri
ngoodcondi
ti
onnott
oof
atort
oot
hin_
 Donotf
eedmor
efeedwi
tht
heai
m ofi
ncr
easi
ngl
i
tterwei
ghtatbi
rt
h.
 I
npigsows/
Gil
tsar
egoodf
eedconv
ert
ershenceov
er-
feedi
ngt
hem makest
hem
over
fat
.
 Andi
fnecessar
yfeedmor
edur
ingl
act
ati
onper
iodt
hanatgest
ati
onper
iod.
SYSTEMSOFFEEDI
GSOWSORGI
LTSDURI
NGGESTRATI
ON
Pal
imasy
stem okwani
ra4omwet
imasankhai
modzi
Ndi
poal
imot
ere:
1.ONETHI
RDGESTATI
ONPERI
ODFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
2.HALFGESTATI
ONPERI
ODFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
3.TWO-
THI
RDGESTATI
ONPERI
ODFEEDI
NGSYSTEM*
4.FLATRATEFEEDI
NGSYSTEM

ONETHI
RDGESTATI
ONPERI
ODFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
 0t
o5Weeksf
eedat2.
8kg/day
 5t
o10Weeksf
eedat2.
4kg/day
 10t
o16Weeksf
eedat2.
8kg/day
ONETHI
RDGESTATI
ONFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
 Onet
hir
dgest
ati
onper
iodf
eedat2.
8kg/
day
,
 theothert
hir
dofgest
ati
onf
eedat2.
4kg/dayandt
hent
hel
astt
hir
dfeedat
2.8kg/day
HALFGESTATI
ONPERI
ODFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
 Feedisreducedupt
o8weeksofgest
ati
onandt
heni
ncr
easedt
otheendof
gest
ation
 0-8Weeksf
eed2.
4kg/day
.
 8Toendofgest
ati
onper
iodf
eed2.
8kg/day
.
TWO-
THI
RDGESTATI
ONPERI
ODFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
 Thefi
rstt
wot hi
rdsofthegest
ati
onper
iodt
hesoworgi
l
tisf
edi
ncr
eased
amountoffeedat2.8kg/day
 t
hent
hel
astt
hir
dofgest
ati
onper
iodf
eedi
sreducedt
o2.
4kg/dayunt
ilendof
t
erm.
FI
NALLY THEFLATRATEFEEDI
NGSYSTEM
 Thesow/gi
l
tisf
edaconst
antamountoff
eedt
hroughoutgest
ati
onper
iod2.
8
kg/Day.
Chenj
ezo
Chondekudy esankhumbasinkhaniyozi
pasaf
eedyambir
ikomafeedyoyener
aFeed
i
kachuluki
sankhumbazipangadev el
opgandayambi
rikot
erony
amay akeimakhal
a
yot
sikaquali
ty.
Komansonkhumbazaber
etikamazidy
esakwambi
rizi
mav
uti
kapober
ekachi
fukwama
fat
samtchi
nganj
ir
ayachibeleker
o
FEEDI
NGREGI
MESOONBEFOREWEANI
NG

 St
artwi
th¾Cr
eepf
eed¼Weaner
srat
ion
 ½Weaner
srat
ionand½Cr
eepf
eed
 ¾Weaner
srat
ionand¼Cr
eepf
eed.
 Then100%sowandweaner
'sr
ati
onadaybef
oreweani
ngunt
ilweani
ng.

4.Feedf
ormul
aforpi
gs
A.PI
GSTARTERS

Tobegi
vent
o6kgt
o25kgpi
g)

1.Pi
gweanerf
eedf
ormul
aemeal
.

Mai
ze26kgs.
.

mai
zebr
an.
..
.5.
9/kgs.
.

soy
aful
lfat
..
2.7kgs.
.

sunf
owercake10.
5kgs

l
i
mepowder0.
9kgs.

monocal
cium phosphat
e(mcp).
.0.
475kgssal
t0.
25kgs

met
hioni
ne0.
025kgs.

l
ysi
ne0.
1kgs.
.

pi
gpr
emi
xes0.
15kgs
2.Pi
gst
art
erf
eed(
tobegi
vent
o6kgt
o25kgpi
g)

Mai
ze=2.
95kg

Mai
zebr
an=10kg

Wheat=22.
5kg

Fi
shmeal
=4.
64kg

Soy
abeanmeal
=9kg

Pr
emi
xsachet
=0.
125kg

Di
cal
ci
um phosphat
e=0.
52kg

Ly
sine=0.
0175kg

Sal
t=0.
317kg

B.PI
GGROWERS

t
obegi
vent
o(25kgt
o45kgpi
g)

1.Pi
ggr
ower
sfeed

Mai
zegr
an=22.
5kg

Mai
zebr
an=10kg

Sunf
lowercake=1.
08kg

Soy
abeanmeal
=15kg

Pr
emi
xsachet0.
125kg

Docal
cium phosphat
e=1.
13kg

Sal
t0.
228kg

2.
Piggr
ower
sfeed25t
o.45kgpi
g*

Mai
ze=22.
5kg

Sor
ghum =3.
86kg

Mai
zebr
an=10kg

Soy
abeanmeal
=10kg

Fi
shmeal
=3kg

Pr
emi
xsachet=0.
125kg
Di
cal
ci
um phosphat
e=0.
45kg

Sal
t=0.
148kg

PI
GFI
NISHERFEED

(t
obegi
vet
o45kgt
o115kgpi
g)

Mai
zegr
ain=23.
2kg

Mai
zebr
an=15kg

Soy
abeanmeal
=10.
6kg

Pr
emi
xsachet
=0.
125kg

Ly
sine-HLC(
78%)
=0.
02kg

Di
-cal
cium phosphat
e=0.
94kg

Sal
t=0.
231kg

LACTATI
NGPI
GFEED

(
Lact
ati
ngsows,
gil
tsandboar
stobemat
ed)

Mai
zegr
ain=21.
9kg

Mai
zebr
an=10kg

Fi
shmeal
=2.
5kg

Soy
abeanmeal
=3.
81kg

Sunf
lowercake/
seed=10kg

Ly
sineHLC=0.
02kg

Monocal
cium phosphat
e=1.
5kg

Pr
emi
xsachet
=0.
125kg

Sal
t=0.
137kg
HAYMAKI
NGFORDAI
RYCATTLE
 Goodhayi sexcel
lentfeedfordai
rycowsandcal
ves,
andi
smadefrom y
oung,
greengrasscutbeforetheheadsmat ur
eandt
hendri
edqui
ckl
ytor
etai
nitsf
ood
value.
 Hayndinj
i
ray
opangi
rakapenakusugi
razakudy
azangombezant
huzakaka
 Hayndizakudyazangombezomwezimapangi
dwakuchoker
akumaudzu
osi
yanasinangati
senjer
e,mapesi
achi
manga, masambamtedzandi
soy
a,
soy
beant op
 Toomuchr
ainathay
maki
ngt
imewi
l
lresul
tinpoorqual
i
tyhay
.
 Izi
zimachi
ti
kachi
fukwachokut
isi
zi
maumabwi
nobwi
nochonchomaudzuat
hu
amaonogeka
HAYPROCCESI
NG STAGES
Cut
ti
ng:
Gr
assi
susual
l
yreadyf
orcut
ti
ngi
nthemi
ddl
eoft
her
ains.
Themakesi
tdi
ff
icul
ttodr
yandi
tisof
tenspoi
l
t.
However
,ift
hegrassisl
i
ght
lygrazedear
lyi
nther
ainst
hent
her
ains,
thusgi
vi
nga
muchbett
erchancetomakegoodhay
Grasscutt
ingrequir
esconsider
abl
elabour
.Forl
argequant
it
ies,
atr
act
ororoxmoweri
s
necessar
yf ort
ranspor
tat
ion.
Dr
ying:
Thecutgr
assshouldbel
eftont
hegr
oundf
ort
hreeorf
ourday
sandt
urnedsev
eral
ti
mestospeeddry
ing.
Somet i
mesthegrassisthenbuil
tintosmall
heapst ofi
nishdryi
ngifther
eisadangerof
rai
n.Oncethegrassisdryitcanbemadei nt
oast ack,whichshouldbewellt
hat
ched,or
i
tcanbest or
edinashed.Thehayshoul dbedr i
edwi t
hasl i
tt
letur
ningaspossi
blet
o
preventl
eafl
ossanditshouldnotbel ef
tint
hesunl ongerthannecessar
y.I
fahandful
i
st wist
edandnomoi st
ureisseent heni
tisreadytostor
e.

SI
LAGEMAKI
NG
Sil
ageandhayarepreser
vedf
eedst
hatcomei
nhandyf
ordai
rycowsdur
ingper
iodsof
scarci
tyofgr
eenfor
age
Theprocessofmakingsil
ageinv
olv
esfer
mentat
ionunderanaer
obi
cconditi
ons.
It
prev
entsfreshf
odderfr
om decomposi
ngandall
owsittokeepit
snutr
ientqual
it
y.I
t
requiressuff
ici
entsolubl
ecarbohydrates(
sugars)fororgani
caci
dpr oduct
ion.
Adding
molassest othefodderisrecommendedsi ncei
tisr i
chinsugar
,whichenablesthe
bacteriatoproducetheorganicaci
dsi mmediat
ely.Themor emolassesyouadd,the
fastertheacidi
fi
cati
onandpr eserv
ationpr
ocesswi l
loccur.
WHYFEEDYOURCOWSONSI
LAGE

 Sil
ageensur
eshi
ghmi
l
kpr
oduct
ionandheal
thydai
ryani
mal
s,especi
all
ydur
ing
dr
yseasons.

 Iti
spal
atabl
e,l
axati
ve,
digest
ibl
e,nut
ri
ti
ousandr
equi
resl
essf
loorar
eaf
or
stor
agethanhay.
SI
LAGEPREPARATI
ON

 Si
lagei
sproducedthroughuseofpit
sort
renches,t
owersandsacksforsmall
quant
it
ies.
However
, pi
tsaremostl
yusedt
opr epar
esil
ageforl
argedair
yuni
ts.

 thesil
agepitshoul
dbelocatedataplacesafefrom r
odent
s,awayf
rom di
rect
sunl
ightandwithhi
gherelev
ationorsl
ight
lysloppytoavoi
drai
nwaterent
eri
ng
i
ntothefaci
lit
y.
 Theidealmat er
ial
susedinsil
agemakingshoul
dhaveamoi sturecontentof60
to70percentordr ymat t
eri
ntherangeof30to35percent(testedbytakinga
smallbundleofthefodderandwri
ngingwit
htwohandsandi fnomoi stur
e
comesout ,i
tisreadytoensi
l
e)andapHbel ow4.
2forwetforageandbel ow4.8
forwil
tedforage.
 I
nrai
nyperi
odswhenthef
odderist
oowet,cont
aini
ngmor
ethan70percent
wat
er,
iti
sadvi
sabl
etowil
titi
nthesunf
ir
st.
 Cropssuchasmaize,sor
ghum,
pear
lmi
l
let
,andnapi
ergr
assar
ever
ysui
tabl
efor
ensi
li
ng(preser
vegr
eenfodder
).
 Theycontai
nfermentabl
ecarbohy
drates(sugar
)necessaryforbact
eri
ato
producesuf
fi
cientor
ganicaci
dthatactsasapreservat
ive.
 Thoughl
eguminousfodderscanalsobeused,
theyar
eri
chi
npr
otei
nsandl
owi
n
sugar
smakingthem abitdi
ffi
cul
ttoensi
le.
 Harvest
ingmaizeorsorghum f
ormaki
ngsi
l
agei
sideal
whent
hei
rseedsar
esof
t
butnotmilkywhensqueezedopen.
 Napiergrass,
ontheotherhand,needst
obeaboutamet
rehi
ghwhi
l
elegumes
shouldhaveyoungpods,whicharenotdry
.
NOTE:Apar
tfr
om molasses,
otheraddi
ti
vesl
ikecommonsal
t,f
ormi
caci
d,l
i
meorur
ea
canal
sobeusedtoenablegoodferment
ati
onprocess.
  Tostar
t,pr
epar
ethepi
tandt
henpl
aceabi
gpol
ythenesheetont
hef
loorand
wal
ls.
 Coveraboutamet
reofwal
l
ssot
hatt
hef
oragedoesnotcomei
ntocont
actwi
th
soi
l
.
 Chopthefr
eshf
oraget
olengt
hsofaboutonei
nchusi
ngei
therapangaora
chaf
fcutt
er.
 Prepar
et hefi
rstl
ayerbyemptyi
ngthechoppedmat
eri
alsi
ntot
hepl
ast
icl
i
nedpi
t
toapproximat
ely15cm hi
gh,andspreadevenl
y.
 Fungi
growt
h
 Thendil
utemolasseswi
thwat
eratarati
oofabout1:
2andspr
inkl
eev
enl
yov
er
thef
oragelay
erusingagar
denwaterspr
ayer
.
 Compactthelayerbytr
amplingonitusi
ngcleanboot
stofor
ceoutasmuchai
r
aspossi
ble.Thi
swi l
lpr
eventfungi
growthandspoil
age.
 Repeatthispr
ocessofaddi
ngbagsofchoppedf
orage,di
l
utedmolasseswhi
le
compactingtoexpel
maximum ai
routofthemat
erial
unti
lthepi
tgetsfi
ll
edi
na
doom shape
 Aft
erthefi
nalf
il
li
ngandcompacti
ng,
wrapthepol
ythenesheetar
oundthesi
lage
andcoverthet
opoftheheapwit
hasecondsheett
opr ev
entwaterf
rom r
unning
i
ntothesil
age.
 Fi
nall
ycovertheheapwithathi
cklayerofsoi
lofatleast2f
tgivi
ngspeci
al
att
ent
iontotheedgesfi
rstasyoucomet owardsthemi ddl
etokeeptheairout
andtopreventdamageofthepolyt
henebyrai
n,birdsandrodentsWit
hgood
sheet
ingandenoughsoilonit
,thesil
agecanbekeptf ormorethanoneyear.
Openingthesil
agepitI
ttakesabout30to40daysforthesil
aget
omat ur
eandbeready
forf
eeding.Neveropenthewholesil
agepi
tatonce.Onlyoneendoft
henarr
owside
shoul
dbeopenedabi t
.Removeenoughmat er
ial
foreachday’sf
eedi
ngandcoveragai
n.
Howev
er,
oncet
hepi
tisopened,
uset
hesi
l
ageasqui
ckl
yaspossi
ble.
SI
LAGEQUALI
TY
Si
l
agecanbecl
assi
fi
edasgoodqual
i
tydependi
ngoni
tsphy
sical
char
act
eri
sti
cs
l
i
ket
ast
e,smel
l
,andcol
ourbutmor
epr
eci
sel
ybymeasur
ingt
hepHi
nthepi
t.
ApHof3.
5to4.
2indi
cat
esexcel
l
entf
reshaci
dic/
sweet
ishsi
l
age,
4.2t
o4.
5forgood
aci
dic,
4.5t
o5.
0fai
rlessaci
dicandabov
e5.
0forpoorpungent
/ranci
dsmel
l
ingsi
l
age.
Goodsi
lageshouldbeli
ghtgr
eeni
shorgreeni
shbrownorgol
denincol
our
.Itshoul
d
haveapleasantsmel
ll
iket
hatofvi
negar
,andaci
dicint
ast
e,andshoul
dnotcontai
n
moul
d.
Bl
acki
ndi
cat
espoorsi
l
age.
Ov
erheat
edsi
l
agehast
hesmel
lofbur
ntsugaranddr
yint
ext
ure.
Badlyfer
ment
edsil
agehasoff
ensi
vet
ast
e,st
rongsmel
l
,sl
i
mysof
ttext
urewhen
rubbedfr
om t
hef
ibreorl
eaf
.

FEEDI
NDAI
RYCOW WI
THSI
LAGE
Adai
rycowi
sfeddependi
ngont
hebodywei
ghtorgener
all
ybegi
venabout6kgt
o
15kgofsi
l
ageperday
.Iti
sadv
isabl
enott
ofeedsi
l
agei
mmedi
atel
ybef
oreordur
ing
mi
l
kingespeci
all
ywhent
hequal
i
tyi
spoorast
hemi
l
kcaneasi
l
ytaket
hesmel
loft
he
f
eeds.Dur
ingt
heset
imes,
acowcanbef
edf
reshgr
ass,
hay
,legumesandconcent
rat
es.
Aft
erf
eedingsil
age,t
hebunksandcorner
soft
hef
eedi
ngt
roughsshoul
dbecl
eaned
i
mmediatelyt
opreventcont
aminat
ion.

FACTORSI
NFEEDI
NGEARLUPERI
ODOFLACTQTI
ON

 Wei
ghtofcow

 Mi
l
kyi
eldofcow

 Composi
ti
onofmi
l
k
THEFEEDTAKENI
SUSEDFOR

 Mai
ntenance

 Mi
l
kpr
oduct
ion

 Gr
owt
h(f
orhei
fer
s)andbodyr
eser
ves.
NOTE: Theusesoffeedarei
rr
espect
iveofthest
agesofl
actat
ion.
Duri
ngear
lyl
act
ati
on,
theDryMatteri
ntakeseemstobelowerthanmil
kyiel
dhencetheani
malsuf
fer
s
nutr
ientdef
ici
t.
Atthi
sstagemil
ky i
eldi
sincr
easi
ngtoreachpeakyi
eldhencethegapnutr
ientdefi
citi
s
i
ncreasi
ng.Al
soduringt
histi
meappeti
teforf
oodislowandt heani
malissuffer
ing
fr
om cal
vingst
ress.
Duetothesedemandfornut
ri
ent
sisquit
ehigh.Ther
esulti
stheani
mal l
ooseweight
.
Henceduri
ngthi
searl
ylact
ati
ontheani
malusesbodyreser
vesformil
kproduct
ion
henceitloosesbodycondi
ti
ontomaint
ainmil
kyi
eldhencetheani
malsaresaidt
obe
milki
ngof ft
heirbacksi
eal
lther
eser
veforbodymaint
enanceareusedf
ormi l
k
product
ion.
NOTE:Forev
ery2.
5kgsofmi
l
kpr
oducedpr
ovi
de1kgconcent
rat
es.
Feedi
ngofananimalonconcent
rat
esi
nor
dert
opr
oducemor
emi
l
kisknownas*
Lead
Feedi
ngorChal
lengeFeedi
ng.
Thisisi
mportantbecausei
tenabl
esani
mal st
oreducewei
ghtlossesdur
ingear
ly
l
actati
onanduseofbodyr eser
vesi
sreducedbecauset
hefeedisuseddi
rect
lyf
ormi
l
k
product
ion.

DAI
RYRATI
ONS

DAI
RYRATI
ONDURI
NGLACTATI
ON
Soy
abeanmeal
18kg
Sunf
lowercake15kg
Mai
zebr
an35kg
Mai
zegr
ain15kg
Mol
asses15kg
Di
cal
cium phosphat
e1kg
Li
me0.
5kg
Sal
t0.
2
Dai
rymi
ner
als0.
3kg

DAI
RYRATI
ONFORMULAE
Mai
zebr
an25kg
Mai
zegr
ain10kg
Wheatbr
an18kg
Mol
asses15kg
Ri
cebr
an10kg
Sunf
lowercake10
Soy
abeanmeal
10kg
Mi
ner
almi
xtur
e2kg

DAI
RYRATI
ONDURI
NGDRYPERI
OD
Mai
zebr
an50kg
Soy
abeanmeal
20kg
Sunf
lowercake10kg
Mol
asses18kg
Ur
ea1kg
Dai
rymi
ner
almi
xtur
e1kg

Ul
angi
ziwamakonont
hawizonse