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Mohammad Fawaz

Naba’a Mashaleh
Heba Abu alzer
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- Human dentition is diphyodont.

Diphyodont means :- (2 sets of dentition)

Primary/Deciduous Secondary/Permanent
– 20 teeth in total. – 32 teeth in total.
– three groups :- – four groups’:-
1.Incisors (8). 1. Incisors (8).
2.Canines (4). 2. Canines (4).
3.molars (8). 3. Premolars (8).
– Smaller size. 4. Molars (12).
–Spaces between of – Bigger size.
them.

Why 2 sets of teeth ?

The jaws must accommodate the increased
number of permanent teeth and their bigger
size.
Primary:- small jaw low number is needed.
Secondary:- bigger jaw more number is
needed and bigger in size for tough jobs. 1
Dental formula :-
- We use it to describe the number and the class of the teeth in the
oral cavity.

• one or two letters as abbreviation to distinguish between the

classes :-
- I for Incisor.
- C for Canines.
- PM for Pre-Molars.
- M for Molars.
• Deciduous teeth are indicated by the letter D.
• No letters needed for the permanent teeth.

Human dental formula :-

Includes only
one side.
1. Deciduous teeth :-
Vertical line = midline
–DI 2/2 DC 1/1 DM 2/2 = 10
*10 teeth in each side so 20 in total.
horizontal line = occlusal plane
DI = Deciduous Incisor.
DC = Deciduous Canines.
DM = Deciduous Molars.
Two teeth in the ( upper jaw = maxillary jaw)
2/2 = 2
2 The (horizontal line = occlusal line)
Two teeth in the ( lower jaw = mandibular jaw)
2
 2. Permanent teeth :- Vertical line = midline

–I 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3 = 16

*16 teeth in each side so 32 in total.

horizontal line = occlusal plane

Quadrants :-
Secondary/Permanent Primary/Deciduous

Right maxillary Left maxillary Right maxillary Left maxillary

1 2 5 6

horizontal line = occlusal plane

Right Left Right Left

mandibular mandibular mandibular mandibular
4 3 8 7
Vertical line = midline Vertical line = midline

Secondary/Permanent:- takes numbers (1-4).

Primary/Deciduous:- takes numbers (5-8).

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Teeth order :-
deciduous :- Each tooth in a quadrant takes a letter (A– E).
permanent:-Each tooth in a quadrant takes a number (1 – 8).
indicating its order when counting from the midline
Primary/Deciduous Secondary/Permanent

87
E

8
8

8
E

By words :- Ex. Permanent maxillary right central incisor

1. Set of teeth.
Deciduous or permanent.
2. Jaw.
Maxillary or mandibular.
3. class.
Incisor/ canine/premolar/molar
4.Order within a class
Central or lateral for incisors
First or second or third for premolars or molars
5. Side.
Left or right. 4
By numbers letters, and/or symbols :-
1- Palmer/ Zsigmondy notation system:-
- Used in American Dental Association in 1947.
(permanent) :- Tooth is represented by a number (1 – 8).
(deciduous) :- Tooth is represented by a letter (A – E).

Two lines:- indicates which quadrant the tooth belongs to.

a horizontal representing the occlusal plane.
a vertical representing the midline.

(deciduous) (permanent)
EDCBA ABCDE 87654321 12345678

EDCBA ABCDE 87654321 12345678

Examples:-
– Maxillary right central permanent incisor. 1

– Mandibular left second deciduous molar. E

— Maxillary right central deciduous A

incisor.

— Mandibular left permanent first

4
premolar. 5
 2 universal numbering system:-
- Palmer – difficulty in keyboard typing.
- ADA adopted the universal system in 1968.
-(permanent):- Numbers for permanent teeth Consecutive from (1
to 32) Following a clockwise order from maxillary right third
molar to mandibular right third molar.
-(deciduous):- Uppercase letters for deciduous teeth Consecutive
from (A to T) Following a clockwise order from maxillary right
second molar to mandibular right second molar.

maxillary right third molar (permanent)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

mandibular right third molar

(deciduous)
maxillary right second molar ABCDE FGHI J

mandibular right second molar TSRQP ONMLK

Examples:-

Maxillary left permanent lateral incisor = 10

Mandibular right deciduous canine = R

Mandibular right permanent second premolar = 29

Maxillary left deciduous first molar = I 6

3- FDI numbering system:-

- Proposed by FDI & adopted by WHO.

- Each tooth is allocated a two-digit number:-
- the left designates the quadrant
- right designates the tooth order
Remember for the quadrants ( first digit):-
Secondary/Permanent:- takes numbers (1-4).
Primary/Deciduous:- takes numbers (5-8).

quadrant Order of tooth

(permanent)
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

quadrant Order of tooth

(deciduous)
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65

85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75

Examples:-
Mandibular right permanent canine = 43

Maxillary left deciduous lateral incisor = 62

Maxillary left deciduous first molar = 64

Mandibular right permanent second premolar = 45 7

A. According to number of sets:-

1. monophyodont:- Some mammals - such as the manatee,

seals, and walruses - have only a single generation of
teeth.

2. diphyodont:- Most mammals - humans included - typically

develop and erupt into their jaws two generations of teeth.
The term literally means "two generations of teeth."

3. polyphyodont:- Most reptiles and fishes develop a lifetime

of generations of successional teeth--Such teeth have a
brief functional life and are anatomically simple in design.
B. According to the shape of the teeth:-

1. homodont:- In many vertebrates, all the teeth in the jaw are

alike.
They differ from each other only in size.
The alligator is an example of homodontism.

2. heterodont:- Most mammals, humans included(such as

incisor, canine, premolars and molars) develop
distinctive classes of teeth that are regionally specialized.
A. According to presence or absence of teeth:-

1. Normal Anodontia:- is the developmental absence of teeth.

Among mammals, the whalebone whale and the anteater
are toothless; their ancestors had teeth.

2 . Pathological Anodontia: - In humans, anodontia is a

pathological condition, Partial anodontia is one or a few
teeth missing. 8
Permanent teeth naming systems deciduous teeth naming systems

Types of dentition

number of sets shape of the teeth presence or absence

of teeth

1. Monophyodont (one set).

2. Diphyodont (two sets). 1. Normal Anodontia (no teeth).
3. Polyphyodont (multi sets). 2. Pathological anodontia ( partial loss).

1. Homodont (teeth are alike).

2. Heterodont (distinctive classes of teeth).

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1.(81) is in FDI system, it can be presented in universal system by :-
A) p.
B) E.
C) F.
D) O.

2.D is in palmar system, it can be presented in universal system by :-

A) C,R,H,M.
B) A,T,J,K.
C) B,I,S,L.
D) Q,D,G,N.

3.Which of the following combinations represent the right

numbering of the same tooth in the in the different notation
systems you have learned:-
#Palmar, Universal and FDI respectively.
A) 4 ,13,41.
B) 5 ,15,15.
C) 7 ,17,38.
D) 6 ,30,46.

4.what is the formula of Permanent teeth?

A) I2/2 C1/1 PM2/2 M2/2.
B) I2/2 C1/1 PM2/2 M3/3.
C) DI2/2 DC1/1 DM2/2.
D) I2/2 C1/1 PM1/1 M3/3.

Answers:- A,C,D,B

Wish you the best

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