Major Translation

Paula Yanez Castillo

S14374

BTh

ANL151

Elise Nesper/Cassandra Webb

Hillsong College

Date Due: 13/05/2019

Handed In: 13/05/2019

Final word count: 3084.

Theological reflection word count: 523

Plagiarism Quiz Score: 70%

Plagiarism Quiz Completed: 06.04.2019

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge

and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor

material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or

diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning, except where due

acknowledgement is made in the acknowledgements.

Signed: Paula Yanez Date: 28.04.2019

 Abbreviations

Acc. Accusative Case Mid. Middle Voice

Act. Active Voice M/P. Middle / Passive Voice

Adj. Adjective Neg. Negative

Adv. Adverb Neut. Neuter Gender

Aor. Aorist Tense Nom. Nominative Case

Art. Article N/A. Nominative / Accusative Case

Conj. Conjunction Pass. Passive Voice

Dat. Dative Case Ptcp. Participle

Dep. Deponent Voice Pron. Pronoun

DP. Demonstrative Pronoun Perf. Perfect Tense

Fem. Feminine Gender PP. Personal Pronoun

1st. First Person Pl. Plural

Fut. Future Tense Prep. Preposition

Gen. Genitive Case Pres. Present Tense

Ind. Indicative Mood Rel. Relative Pronoun

Infin. Infinitive Mood 2nd. Second Person

Imp. Imperative Mood Sg. Singular

Imperf. Imperfect Tense Subj. Subjunctive Mood

Masc. Masculine Gender Subst. Substantive

M/N. Masculine / Neuter 3rd. Third Person

Voc. Vocative Case

 Parsing

Nouns: Case, Number, Gender [NSM, GSM… NSF, GSF… NSN, GSN…].

Verbs: Tense, Voice, Mood, Person, Number [Pres.Act.Ind.1.Sg.].

Articles Case, number, Gender

ΚΑΤΑ ΙΩΑΝΝΗΝ 1:1-8

1
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος. 2 οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ

πρὸς τὸν θεόν. 3 πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ὃ γέγονεν 4 ἐν

αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων· 5 καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ

σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν.

6 7
Ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος, ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἰωάννης· οὗτος ἦλθεν εἰς
8
μαρτυρίαν ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός, ἵνα πάντες πιστεύσωσιν δι’ αὐτοῦ. οὐκ ἦν

ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς, ἀλλ’ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός.

Translation Key:

ἐγένετο: “he/she/it came about” (3rd sg., 2 Aorist Middle [with active force] Indicative)

γέγονεν: “he/she/it has come about” (3rd sg., Perfect Active Indicative)

κατέλαβεν: “he/she/it overcame”, or “he/she/it has overcome” (3rd sg., Aorist Active

Indicative)

ἀπεσταλμένος: “having been sent” (Perfect Passive Participle, Nominative Masculine

Singular)

ἦλθεν: “he/she/it came” (3rd sg., Aorist Active Indicative)

μαρτυρήσῃ: “he/she/it might bear witness” (3rd sg., Aorist Active Subjunctive)
πιστεύσωσιν: “they might believe” (3rd pl., Aorist Active Subjunctive)

John 1:1-8
1
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God, 2Him

was in the beginning with God. 3Everything, because of him came into existence and out of

him nothing that was made has come to being. 4The Life was in Him and the life was the light

of the humanity. 5And the light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not overcome. 6A

man came having been sent from God whose name was John. 7He came as witness to testify

about the light, so everything might believe though him. 8 He was not the light, but he came

in order to testify about the light1

1
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος
1
Ἐν: prep.  Ἐν ἀρχῇ (prepositional unit) “In the beginning” added

ἀρχῇ: Noun/ Dat. Fem. Sg. the article “the” in English for interpretation purposes

ἦν: Verb/ Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg.  ἦν ὁ λόγος, Subjective unit. “was the word”. ἦν

ὁ: Art/. Nom. Masc. Sg. imperfect indicative 3rd person verb ειμί

λόγος: Νoun/ Nom. Masc.Sg.

καὶ: Conj.  καὶ: “And”. Logical connection between sentences

ὁ: Art. Nom. Masc. Sg.
 ὁ λόγος ἦν: (Subjective unit) “the Word was”. ἦν
λόγος: Νoun/ Nom. Masc. Sg.
imperfect indicative 3rd person verb ειμί
ἦν: Verb / Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg.
 πρὸς τὸν θεόν: (preposition unit) “with God”. πρὸς
πρὸς: prep.
translated as “with”. Preposition with one case. πρὸς
τὸν: Art./ Acc. Masc. Sg.
means “to, towards”, but in presence of accusative case
θεόν: Noun./ Acc. Masc. Sg.
becomes “with”2

1
Yanez, Paula. Personal translation of John 1:1-8.
2
Black, David A. Chapter 8. Additional prepositions. Learn to read New Testament Greek. Pag. 62. B&H Academic. Nashville Tennessee
2009.
 καὶ: Conj.  καὶ “And”. Logical connection between sentences

θεὸς: Noun/ Nom. Masc. Sg.  θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος: “the Word was God”. Predicative

ἦν: Verb/ Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg. nominative clause. subset proposition3

ὁ: Art. Nom. Masc. Sg.

λόγος: Νoun/ Nom. Masc.Sg

2
οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν.3 πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ὃ

γέγονεν

οὗτος: DP/ Nom. Masc. 3rd. Sg.  οὗτος ἦν

ἦν: Verb/ Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg.  ἐν ἀρχῇ “In the beginning” added the article “the” in

ἐν: prep. English for interpretation purposes

ἀρχῇ: Noun/ Dat. Fem. Sg  πρὸς τὸν θεόν: πρὸς τὸν θεόν: (preposition unit) “with

God”. πρὸς translated as “with”. Preposition with one

πρὸς: prep.
case. πρὸς means “to, towards”, but in presence of
τὸν; Art./ Acc. Masc. Sg.
accusative case becomes “with”4
Θεόν: Noun/ Acc. Masc. Sg.

3
πάντα: adj/ Nom. Neut. Pl.  πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, “Everything, because of

δι’ prep. (with 2 cases) him came to existence”. δι’ translated as “because

of”. According to the BDAG definition of δι’, the

αὐτοῦ PP. Gen. Masc. 3rd. Sg.
fundamental idea of this preposition is separation in
ἐγένετο: Verb. Ar. Mid. Ind.
both cases gen and acc. But primarily with a causal
3rd. Sg

focus “owing to” 5. ἐγένετο, (γιγομαι) translated as

καὶ: Conj.
“came to existence”. Because the root verb is γίνομαι
χωρὶς: adverb prep.

3
Wallace, Daniel B. The Basics of New Testament Syntax (p. 31). Zondervan Academic. Kindle Edition.
4
Black, David A. Chapter 8. Additional prepositions. Learn to read New Testament Greek. Pag. 62. B&H Academic. Nashville Tennessee
2009.
5
Bauer, Arndt & Gingrich. BDAG A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. The university
of Chicago Press. Digital Edition for Olive tree study bible app.
 αὐτοῦ PP. Gen. Masc. 3rd. Sg. and its definition, according to David Walker, in his

ἐγένετο Verb. 2 Aor. Mid. Ind. book “the gospel according to John (the learner’s

3rd. Sg. Greek New Testament Book 15) is: to become,

οὐδὲ Adverb. Negative. 1. to become, i. e. to come into existence, begin to be,

ἕν. Adj. Nom. Neut. Sg receive being: to rise, arise, come on, appear, of

ὃ : Art. Nom. Neut. Sg. occurrences in nature or in life6.

Γέγονεν Verb/ Perf. Act. Ind.  καὶ: And, logical connection between sentences.

3rd. Sg.
 χωρὶς αὐτοῦ: “out of him” Adverbial preposition

unit

 ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. “Nothing that was made” ἐγένετο

translated as “was made” base on Walker’s book.

Amongst other definitions, David Walker defines the

root word γίνομαι as: 4. to be made, done, finished; of

miracles to be performed, wrought. Of commands,

decisions, purposes, requests, etc. to be done,

executed. Of institutions, laws, etc. to be established,

enacted. Of feasts, marriages, entertainments, to be

kept, celebrated.7

 ὃ γέγονεν: “has come to being : γέγονεν from the verb

γίνομαι as I previously mentioned, David Walker,

defined it as: to become,

1. to become, i. e. to come into existence, begin to be, receive

6
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15. Kindle Locations 190-193. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition
7
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15. Kindle Locations 207-209. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
 being: to rise, arise, come on, appear, of occurrences in

nature or in life8.

4
ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων· 5 καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ

σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν.

ἐν prep  ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν “The Life was in Him” ζωὴ, defined

αὐτῷ PP. dat. Masc. 3rd. Sg. as life according to the BDAG definition: “living”=‘substance,

property’, without which there would not be life; “life,

ζωὴ Noun/ Nom. Fem. Sg.
existence”9
ἦν,: Verb/ Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg.
 καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν “and the life was”
καὶ: Conj.

ἡ Def. Art./ Nom. Fem. Sg.  τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων “the light of men” φῶς: light,

the BDAG makes two divisions in its definition: the first one is
ζωὴ Noun/ Nom. Fem. Sg.
plainly related to the natural realm, where light is simply
ἦν: Verb/ Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg.
defined as “not present at night”. And the second definition
τὸ Art./ Nom. Masc. Sg.
where the approach is from a spiritual perspective as: light is
φῶς Noun/ Nom. Masc. Sg.
the element and sphere of the divine. It mentions that many

τῶν Art./ Gen. Masc. Pl. scriptures define God as being the light, same as does it with

ἀνθρώπων Noun/ Gen. Masc. the Redeemer, in this chapter in of the gospel of John.10

Pl.


5
καὶ: Conj. καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, “And the light
τὸ Art./ Nom. Masc. Sg. shines in the darkness” σκοτίᾳ: continuing with the
φῶς Noun/ Nom. Masc. Sg
idea of a definition of light related to the divine realm,
ἐν Prep.
darkness also defined under a divine lenses by D.

8
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15 Kindle Locations 190-193. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition
9
Bauer, Arndt & Gingrich. BDAG A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. The university
of Chicago Press. Digital Edition for Olive tree study bible app
10
Bauer, Arndt & Gingrich. BDAG A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. The university
of Chicago Press. Digital Edition for Olive tree study bible app
τῇ Art. Nom. Fem. Sg. Walker. He says that in this verse darkness is:

σκοτίᾳ Noun. Dat. Fem. Sg. “metaphorical used of ignorance of divine things, and
φαίνει, Verb/ Pres. Act. Ind.
its associated wickedness, and the resultant misery”11
3rd. Sg.
φαίνει: “shines” In biblical Greek 1. Active
καὶ: Conj.
intransitively, to shine, shed light.12
ἡ Art./ Nom. Fem. Sg.
 καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν. “and the darkness
σκοτία Noun. Dat. Fem. Sg.
did not overcome.” οὐ κατέλαβεν: translated as “did
αὐτὸ PP. Acc. Neut. 3rd. Sg.
not overcome” to form the negative form in past of the
οὐ adverb. Neg.

κατέλαβεν. Verb. Aor. Act. root word “κατα-λαμβάνω” which means overtake,

Ind. 3rd. Sg. seize, overcome, absorb, possess.13

6
Ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος, ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἰωάννης

Ἐγένετο Verb. 2 Aor. Mid.  Ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος, (subjective unit) “a man came”
Ind. 3rd. Sg.
ἄνθρωπος Noun/ Nom. Masc.
 ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ. “Having been sent from
Sg.
God”. “ἀπεσταλμένος” translated as: “having been
ἀπεσταλμένος verb. Perf. Pass.
sent”, perfect passive participle of the verb ἀπο-
Part. Nom. Masc. Sg.
στέλλω; which means to send off, send away, send
παρὰ Prep.
out.”14 παρὰ θεοῦ: from God
θεοῦ, Noun. Gen. Masc. F.
 ὄνομα αυτώ Ἰωάννης “whose name was John” “was”
ὄνομα Noun. Nom. Neut. Sg
has been added to make the relation that the name belongs
αυτώ PP. Dat. Masc. 3rd. Sg.
to the subject reflected at the beginning of the sentence,
Ἰωάννης Noun. Nom. Masc, Sg.
“the man that has been sent”

11
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15 Kindle Locations 344-345. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
12
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15 Kindle Locations 349-350. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
13
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John (The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15) (Kindle Location 363). David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
14
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15 Kindle Locations 397-399. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
 7
οὗτος ἦλθεν εἰς μαρτυρίαν ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός, ἵνα πάντες πιστεύσωσιν δι’

αὐτοῦ.
7
οὗτος DP/ Nom. Masc. 3rd. Sg  οὗτος ἦλθεν (subjective unit) “he came” ἦλθεν 2

ἦλθεν verb. 2Aor. Act. Ind. 3rd. aor. For the word ερχομαι, which means “to come”
Sg.
 εἰς μαρτυρίαν (predicative unit) “to witness”
εἰς Prep.
μαρτυρίαν, root word μαρτθρέω which means 2.
Μαρτυρίαν Noun. Acc. Fem.
what one testifies, testimony, witness.15
Sg.

ἵνα Adverbial conjunction  ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός,: “that he might bear

μαρτυρήσῃ verb/ Aor. Act. witness about the light”. μαρτυρήσῃ 1Aorist active
Subjunct. 3r. Sg. Subjunctive form from the root word μαρτθρέω
περὶ Prep.
 ἵνα πάντες πιστεύσωσιν δι’ αὐτοῦ. “So everythinhg
τοῦ Art/ Gen. Neut. Sg.
might believe though him”. πάντες: everything.
φωτός, Noun/ Gen. Neut. Sg.
πιστεύσωσιν: 1Aorist active subjunctive form for the
ἵνα Adverbial conjunction
word πιστεύω which means they might believe, trust16
πάντες Ardj./ Nom. Masc. Sg.

πιστεύσωσιν verb. Aor. Act.

Subj. 3rd. Pl,

δι’ Prep.

αὐτοῦ. PP. Gen. Masc. 3rd. Sg.

8
οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς, ἀλλ’ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός.

8
οὐκ adverb. Neg.  οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς, “he was not the light”.

ἦν: Verb/ Imperf. Ind.3rd. Sg. ἐκεῖνος: translated as “he” according to the BDAG

definition: he, she or it when denoting contrast to another

15
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15 Kindle Locations 458-459. David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
16
Walker, David. The Gospel According to John. The Learner's Greek New testament Book 15 Kindle Locations 464-466). David Harris
Walker. Kindle Edition.
ἐκεῖνος DP/ Nom. Masc. Sg. entity17, reinforced by the negative form for “was” οὐκ ἦν:

τὸ Art/ Nom. Neut. Sg. “was not”. in his commentary book of John, Marcus Dods

φῶς, Noun/ Nom. Masc. Sg says, He (or, that man) was not the light, but he appeared

ἀλλ’ conj. that he might bear witness regarding the light. Why say this

of John? Was there any danger that he should be mistaken

ἵνα Adverbial conjunction
for the light? Some did think he was the Christ.18
μαρτυρήσῃ verb/ Aor. Act.

Subjunct. 3r. Sg.

 ἀλλ’ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός: “but he came

περὶ Prep. in order to testify about the light”. ἀλλ’: “but”; ἵνα:

τοῦ Art/ Gen. Neut. Sg. “in order to”, BDAG definition: marker to denote

φωτός. Noun/ Gen. Neut. Sg purpose, aim, or goal, in order that, that, final sense 19;

μαρτυρήσῃ 1Aorist active Subjunctive form from the

root word μαρτθρέω which means “come”; περὶ

τοῦ φωτός: about the light.

Theological reflection

Understanding the context of a culture is foundational when communicating an

important message and John does this in a very impressive way to get the attention of his

target audience.

He uses language that is significant for both of his main audience. The Jews and the Greeks

On one hand, one of the things that got my attention of this passage is how John, utilizes the

Greek thinking round of what is “the thing” that sustains the world which they call “logos”

John Courson, in his bible commentary explains: “The Greeks had developed a philosophy

articulated by Plato and others that was built upon the assumption that the logos, the word,
17
Bauer, Arndt & Gingrich. BDAG A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. The university
of Chicago Press. Digital Edition for Olive tree study bible app
18
Dods, Marcus. John The Expositor’s Greek Testament Book 4 Kindle Locations 831-833. Digital Publishing. Kindle Edition .
19
Bauer, Arndt & Gingrich. BDAG A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. The university
of Chicago Press. Digital Edition for Olive tree study bible app.
was the foundation of everything on earth. The earth, Plato said, was simply a shadow of the

reality of the logos that existed somewhere in the heavens.”20

On the other hand, the NIV study bible commentary the author mentions how important the

word “logos” or Word is within the for the Jewish tradition, he says: “God’s “Word” in the

OT is his powerful self-expression in creation, revelation, and salvation; God’s Son, Jesus,

personifies that “Word” as God’s ultimate self-disclosure.21

The other way that John tries to capture the attention of his Jewish audience is using the same

wording that the ancient writer utilized to begin the opening of the book of Genesis. In doing

this, he starts to disclose the hints for the existence of the trinity that genesis gives us, as the

word for God in Hebrew is Elohim, which alludes to more than one person contained in it.

John Courson in his book says: “The Hebrew word for God in Genesis 1:1 is Elohim, a word

that speaks of three or more. The use of Elohim way back in Genesis hints at the mystery of

the Trinity. Its use by John reiterates the reality of the Trinity22

In doing this, John is also targeting those who were denying the divinity of Jesus. When he

established that the Word, not just the speaking creative force of God, but also attributing

personhood to it, making the way to introduce Jesus.

Courson’s commentary implies that probably John’s intention in this chapter is to establish

that:

1. Jesus is eternally God. “In the beginning was the Word…” Whenever the beginning

was, wherever it was, whatever it might have been, Jesus—the Word—was already

there. He had no beginning and He has no end. He is eternally God.23

20
Courson, Jon. Jon Courson's Application Commentary: Volume 3, New Testament (Matthew - Revelation) (p. 435). Thomas Nelson.
Kindle Edition.
21
NIV Zondervan Study Bible, Commentary on John 1:1. Zondervan. Grand Rapids Michigan. USA. 2015. Page. 2146.
22
Courson, Jon. Jon Courson's Application Commentary: Volume 3, New Testament (Matthew - Revelation) (p. 435). Thomas Nelson.
Kindle Edition.
23
Courson, Jon. Jon Courson's Application Commentary: Volume 3, New Testament (Matthew - Revelation) (p. 444). Thomas Nelson.
Kindle Edition.
 2. Jesus is equally God. “…and the Word was with God…” Jesus, the Word, was with

God—equal to the Father and the Spirit.24

3. Jesus is essentially God. “…and the Word was God”. In His very essence, Jesus is

God.25

Bibliography

 BDAG. A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian

literature. The university of Chicago Press. Digital edition for Olive Tree Bible

 Black, David A. Learn to read New Testament Greek. Third edition B&H Academic.

Nashville Tennessee 2009

 Courson, Jon. Jon Courson's Application Commentary: Volume 3, New Testament

(Matthew - Revelation) (p. 435). Thomas Nelson. Kindle Edition.

 Dods, Marcus. John The Expositor’s Greek Testament Book 4. Digital Publishing.

Kindle Edition.

 E. W. Bullinger. A Critical Lexicon and Concordance to the English and Greek New

Testament. Kregel Academic. 1999.

 NIV Zondervan Study Bible. Zondervan. Grand Rapids Michigan. USA. 2015.

24
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25
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