Reference

BS: 812: 1975 (Part 1,2,3)

“Methods for Sampling and Testing of Mineral Aggregates, Sands and Fillers”
 Experiment No: 01

Determination of Aggregate Impact Value

(BS: 812: 1975 (PART 1, 2, 3))

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 Aggregate Impact Value

The aggregate impact value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate
to “sudden shock or impact”

• With aggregate of aggregate impact value (AIV) higher than 30 the result may be anomalous.
• Also aggregate sizes larger than 14 mm are not appropriate to the aggregate impact test.

The standard test shall be made

on aggregate passing a 14mm
BS test sieve and retained on a
10 mm BS test sieve.

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 Aggregate Impact Value
For smaller sizes the aggregate shall be prepared in a similar manner using the
appropriate sieves given in the following table.

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Sieve sizes larger than 14 mm are generally not used in the AIV test because the
purpose of the test is to evaluate the resistance of aggregates to impact loads.
Larger-sized particles are less likely to be affected by the impact energy applied
during the test, as they have higher mass and are generally more resistant to
breakage. Therefore, using larger sieve sizes would not provide a meaningful
assessment of the aggregate's ability to withstand impact forces.

By limiting the sieve sizes to smaller dimensions, such as 14 mm and below, the
AIV test can effectively assess the toughness and durability of the aggregate
particles that are more susceptible to breakage under impact. This provides a more
accurate indication of the aggregate's performance and suitability for use in
applications where impact resistance is important, such as road construction.
 Apparatus

lower end 100mm dia. 50mm long Means or raising

the hammer and
allowing it to fall
freely between the
vertical guides
from a height of
380±5 mm on to
the test sample in
the cup

internal diameter:102mm
internal depth: 50 mm. Total mass not
Thickness: 6mm
more than 60 kg or
less than 45 kg
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 Apparatus

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 Apparatus

A cylindrical metal measure of sufficient

rigidity to retain its form under rough usage and
with an internal diameter of 75 ± 1mm and an
internal depth of 50± 1mm.

A straight metal tamping rod of circular cross

section, 10mm diameter, 230mm long,
rounded at one edge.

A balance of capacity not less than 500 gm,

and accurate to 0.1 gm

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 Preparation of Test Sample

❑ The aggregate shall be tested in a surface dry condition.

❑ If dried by heating, the period of drying shall not exceed 4 hours,

temperature shall not exceed 110°C and sample shall be cooled to
room temperature before testing.

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 Preparation of Test Sample
• Filling one third, the aggregate being discharged from a
height not exceeding 50mm above the top of the
container.
• Tamped with 25 blows of the rounded end of the
tamping rod, each blows from a height of about 50 mm
above.

• The surplus aggregate removed by rolling the

tamping rod across
• Any aggregate which impedes its progress being
removed by hand and aggregate being added to
fill any obvious depressions.

After filling the net mass of aggregates in the measure shall be recorded (mass A)
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 Test Procedure

• Fix the cup firmly in position

• Place the whole of the test sample in it and compact
by a single tamping of 25 strokes.
• Adjust the height of the hammer so that its lower face
is 380±5 mm above the upper surface of the
aggregate in the cup and then allow it to fall freely on
to the aggregate.
• Subject the test sample to a total of 15 such blows,
each being delivered act an interval of not less than
1s.

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 Test Procedure
• Remove the crushed aggregate with a suitable rubber mallet
until the sample particles are sufficiently disturbed to enable the
mass of the sample to fall freely on to the tray.
• Transfer fine particles adhering to the inside of the cup and the
underside of the hammer to the tray by means of a stiff bristle
brush.
• Sieve the whole of the sample on the 2.36mm BS test sieve.
• Weigh the fraction passing and retained on the sieve to an
accurately of 0.1gm ( mass B and mass C respectively).

If the total mass B+C is less than the initial mass ( mass A) by more than 1gm
discard the result and make afresh test.

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 Calculation

• The ratio of the mass of fines formed to the total sample mass in each test shall
be expressed as a percentage, the result being recorded to the first decimal
place.
• Percentage fines: B/A x 100
Where,
A is the mass of surface dry sample, gm
B is the fraction passing the sieve for separating the fines, gm

• The mean of the two results shall be reported to the nearest whole number as
the Aggregate Impact Value.

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 Data Sheet

343.7 342.9
274.9 274.2
68.3 68.2
19.9% 19.9%

20%

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1.AIV below 10%: Aggregates with AIV values below 10% is considered very good and are suitable for
high-quality road construction. They exhibit excellent resistance to impact and are ideal for use in the top
layer of the pavement, such as the wearing course or surface course.
2.AIV between 10% and 20%: Aggregates with AIV values in this range are considered good and are
suitable for general road construction. They provide satisfactory impact resistance and can be used in
intermediate layers of the pavement, such as the binder course.
3.AIV between 20% and 30%: Aggregates with AIV values in this range are considered fair and may be
acceptable for certain road construction applications. However, they should generally be limited to lower
layers of the pavement, such as the base course or sub-base, where the impact forces are relatively lower.
4.AIV above 30%: Aggregates with AIV values above 30% are considered poor and are generally
unsuitable for road construction. They exhibit low impact resistance and may lead to premature failure of
the pavement. Such aggregates are typically avoided in road construction projects
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 Experiment No: 02

Determination of Aggregate Crushing Value

(BS: 812: 1975 (PART 1, 2, 3)

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 Aggregate Crushing Value

The aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate
to crushing under a gradually applied compressive load.

• With aggregate of an aggregate crushing value higher than 30 the result may be anomalous,
and in such cases the ten percent fines value should be determined instead.

The standard test shall be made on aggregate passing a 14mm BS test sieve and
retained on a 10 mm BS test sieve.

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 Apparatus
An open ended steel cylinder of nominal
150mm internal diameter with plunger and
base plate.
A straight metal tamping rod of circular
cross section, 16mm diameter and 450mm
to 600mm long. One end shall be rounded. Cylinder Base Plate Plunger

A compression testing
A cylindrical metal machine capable of
measure for measuring applying a force of
the sample having an 400kN and which can be
internal diameter of operated to give a
115mm and an uniform rate of loading
internal depth of so that this force is
180mm. reached in 10 minute.
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 Apparatus

The quantity of aggregate for one

test shall be such that the depth of
the material in the cylinder shall
be 100 mm after tamping

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 Preparation of Test Sample

❑ The aggregate shall be tested in a surface dry condition.

❑ If dried by heating, the period of drying shall not exceed 4 hours,

temperature shall not exceed 110°C and sample shall be cooled to
room temperature before testing.
❑ Filling the cylindrical measure in three layers, each layer being
tamped 25 times from a height of 50mm above with the rounded
end of the tamping rod and finally leveled off.

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There are a few reasons why testing the sample in a surface dry condition is preferred:
1.Consistency: Testing aggregates in a surface dry condition helps to ensure consistency
and comparability of test results. By allowing the surface moisture to evaporate, the sample
is standardized, and variations in moisture content between different samples are
minimized.
2.Accurate measurement: Moisture on the surface of the aggregate particles can affect the
weight measurements. Testing in a surface dry condition reduces the influence of surface
moisture on the weight of the sample, leading to more accurate test results.
3.Avoidance of over-drying: Testing the sample in a completely dry condition (oven-dry)
may lead to excessive drying, which can alter the physical properties of the aggregate.
By testing in a surface dry condition, some internal moisture is retained, preserving the
natural state of the aggregate.

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 Test Procedure

• Put the cylinder of the test apparatus in position on the base plate, and add the test
sample in thirds, each third being subjected to 25 strikes from the tamping rod
dropping from a height approximately 50mm above.
• Carefully level the surface of the aggregate and insert the plunger so that it
rests horizontally on this surface, taking care to ensure that the plunger does not
jam in the cylinder.
• Place the Apparatus, with the test sample and plunger between the plates of the
testing machine and load it at as uniform a rate as possible so that the required
force is reached in 10 minutes. The required force shall be 400kN.

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 Test Procedure

• Release the load and remove the crushed material by holding the cylinder over
a clean tray and hammering on the outside with a suitable rubber mallet until
the sample particles are sufficiently disturbed to enable the mass of the sample
to fall freely on to the tray.
• Transfer fine particles adhering to the inside of the cylinder, to the base-plate
and the underside of the plunger to the tray by means of a stiff bristle brush.
• Sieve the whole of the sample on the tray on the 2.36mm BS test sieve.
• Weight the fraction passing the sieve (mass B).

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 Calculation

• The ratio of the mass of fines formed to the total sample mass in each test shall
be expressed as a percentage, the result being recorded to the first decimal
place.
• Percentage fines: B/A x 100
Where,
A is the mass of surface dry sample, gm
B is the mass of the fraction passing the 2.36 mm BS test sieve, gm

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 Data Sheet

2838 2840
2321 2324
516 515
18.2% 18.1%

18%

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 Experiment No: 03

Determination of The Ten Percent Fines Value

(BS: 812: 1975 (PART 1, 2, 3)

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 Ten Percent Fines Value

The ten percent fines value gives a measure of the resistance of an aggregate to
crushing which is applicable to both weak and strong aggregate.

The standard aggregate crushing test, sampling and apparatus will be similar to
Exp. No.: 02

Particular care-not to break the particle when filling the measure and cylinder.

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 Test Procedure

• Put the cylinder of the test apparatus in position on the base-plate and add the test
sample in thirds, each third being subjected to 25 strokes from the tamping rod
distributed evenly over the surface of the layer and dropping from a height
approximately 50 mm above the surface of the aggregate, particular care being
taken in the case of weak materials not to break the particles.
• Carefully level the surface of the aggregate and insert the plunger so that it rests
horizontally on this surface, taking care to ensure that the plunger does not jam in
the cylinder.

• Place the apparatus, with the test sample and plunger between the plates of the
testing machine.

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 Test Procedure

• Apply force at as uniform a rate as possible so as total penetration of plunger in

10 min-

a) 15 mm for rounded or partially rounded aggregate (uncrushed gravel)

b) 20 mm for normal crushed aggregate
c) 24 mm for honeycomb aggregate (some slags)

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 Test Procedure

• When an aggregate impact value is available, the force required for the first ten
percent fines test can be estimated by means of the following more conveniently
than by the use of the dial gauge.
Required force (kN) = 4000/ Aggregate Impact Value
• This value of force will nearly always gives a percentage fines within the
required range of 7.5 to 12.5.
• Release the force and remove the crushed material
• Transfer fine particles adhering to the inside of the cylinder and the underside of
the plunger
• Weight the fraction passing the sieve, and express this mass as percentage of
the mass of the test sample.
Normally this percentage of fines will fall within the range 7.5 to 12.5, but if it does not, make
a further test loading to a maximum value adjusted as seems appropriate to bring the
percentage fines within the range of 7.5 to 12.5.
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 Calculation
• The mean percentage fines from the two tests at this maximum force shall be
used in the following to calculate the force required to produce ten percentage
fines.
• Force required to produce ten percent fines = 14x/(y+4)
Where,
x is the maximum force (kN)
y is the mean percentage fines from two tests at “x” kN forces.
• The force required to produce ten percent fines will be reported to
the nearest 10kN, for forces of 100 kN or more
the nearest 5kN for loads of less than 100 kN, as the ten percent fines value.

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 Data Sheet

200
200

2838 2840
2570 2578
267 261
9.4% 9.2%
200 9.3%

14 ∗200
= 210kN
9.3+4

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