Gramatyka opisowa – semantyka, pragmatyka

POLYSEMY: volunteer v. freely offer to do something: Ooh! Do we get

to kick in the door? As your self-sacrificing partner, I volunteer to go first
– Lucifer, Netflix-TV series, 2016
POLYSEMY: volunteer n. a person who works for an organization
without being paid: Without volunteers, we risk not having enough food
boxes for our distribution sites – PR Newswire, 2021

SIMILE: drop like a sack of potatoes phr. Someone who collapsed: He’s
over here. Guy just dropped like a sack of potatoes – New Amsterdam,
Netflix-TV series, 2018

SIMILE: clean as a whistle phr. someone who don’t take drugs: But when
I admitted him a week ago, he was clean as a whistle, so… – New
Amsterdam, Netflix-TV series, 2018

SYNONYMY (COHESION): corpse n. a dead body especially of a

human being: Now, when you see me walking away, you probably won’t
see his soul, but his body should slump dead, which is when you guys rush
out and steal the corpse – Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, Netflix-TV
series, 2020

IDIOM: bad apple n. someone who creates problems or causes trouble for
others [informal]: I’m sure, but that doesn’t mean that a bad apple won’t
slip through from time to time. – New Amsterdam, Netflix-TV series, 2018

IDIOM: cake-walk n. an easy task: Our floor isn’t cake-walk but all of my
guards are thoroughly vetted – New Amsterdam, Netflix-TV series, 2018

IDIOM: throw under the bus phr. [INFORMAL] to do something harmful to

someone else in order to gain an advantage for yourself: But if I feel that
my investment in this company is under threat, then I’ll throw you under a
bus – The One, Netflix-TV series, 2021

GENERALIZATION: guy n. any male or female: Are you sure I’m the
right guy to ask? – New Amsterdam, Netflix-TV series, 2018
GENERALIZATION: shit n. used as a negative reference to emotions: If
that was me, I’d be all like crying my eyes out and shit – Misfits, HBO-TV
series, 2010

PEJORATION: pigs n. [OFFENSIVE] police: Oh, look out, fellas. It's the
pigs! Run – Prison Break, Netflix-TV series, 2009

PEJORATION: mate n. calling someone a friend who in the situation is

considered an enemy: I will kick your balls into your stomach, mate! –
Misfits, HBO-TV series, 2010

ANTONYMY: black and white (black adj. dark color, white adj. light
color): Black and white? That's for zebras and Michael Jackson – Orange
is the new black, Netflix-TV series, 2015

ANTONYMY: dead and alive (dead adj. lifeless, alive adj. living): Uttar
Pradesh Hospital Declares Woman Dead, Family Claims She was Alive –
News18, 2021

HOMONYMY: cunt n. a woman’s genitals: I’ll kick you so hard in the

cunt your mum will feel it – Misfits, HBO-TV series, 2009
HOMONYMY: cunt n. [VULGAR] an unpleasant or stupid person:
You know, Ivanka, that's a beautiful photo of you and your child but let me
just say, do something about your dad's immigration practices you feckless
cunt," Bee said in the week – Newsweek, 2018

HOMONYMY: air n. pose, manner: Mary had neither genius nor taste;
and though vanity had given her application, it had given her likewise a
pedantic air and conceited manner – Pride and Prejudice, 2017

HYPONYMY: orchid n. a flower: Orchids are some of the most delicate

and unique flowers you can grow as houseplants – Tree hugger, 2021

METAPHOR: to feel blue v. to feel sad, down: Feeling blue can alert you
to the fact that something isn’t quite right in your life, which can help you
take steps to identify the cause of the low mood – Healthline, 2020
METAPHOR: cut deeper than a knife phr. someone has said something
hurtful to another: Your words cut deeper than a knife, now I need
someone to breathe me back to life – Shawn Mendes, 2015
METAPHOR: to think outside the box phr. to think differently,
unconventionally, from a new perspective: Well, maybe you just have to
think outside the box. This is not your everyday amnesia-boy-meets-rich-
girl-for-the-second-time story – Dynasty, Netflix-TV series, 2019
METONYMY: a hand n. help: Ladies and Gentlemen – please give a
hand for your Chief Medical Officer – Irish Medical Times, 2021