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SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS

→→ Sedative → anxiolysis → Produce calmness

→→ Hypnotics → Induce sleep

GABA Receptor Agonist (1:22)

Cl– ion channel receptor

3. Zcompound Please Note

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Muscle relaxant directly & indirectly will be punishable & fined.

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Benzodiazepines (8:55)
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Classification (Based on Metabolism → Liver)

(A)Phase I - CYP3A4 (B) Phase I GYP 3A4 (C) Phase II-Direct

Phase II Glucuronidation Phase II Fastest Glucuronidation
↓ Glucoronidation ↓
→→ Longest acting ↓ Short acting
→→ Least dependence Shortest acting →→ Safest in liver failure
Maximum sedation ↓ →→ Lorazepam
↓ Trizolam →→ Temazepam
→→ Diazepam Midazolam →→ Oxazepam
→→ Clorazepate →→ Estazolam
→→ Chlordiazepoxide
→→ Quazepam
→→ Flurazepam
→→ Clonazepam
→→ Clobazam

Uses Please Note

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→→ Antiepileptic use: Next Live. Reproduction of these notes by any form or by
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→→ Lorazepam (DOC) photocopying, printout, scanning, or circulating and sharing
i/V-status epilepticus by any means electronic like emailing, WhatsApp, Telegram,
→→ Diazepam Facebook, Instagram and by any mechanical means will be
→→ Clorazepate → Partial seizure treated as violation of Copyright Act. Any person involved
directly & indirectly will be punishable & fined.
→→ Clonazepam
→→ Myoclonic seizure (Juvenile myoclonic seizure)
→→ Infantile spasm
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→→ Clobazam → Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
→→ Rectal diazepam → DOC
→→ Treatment
→→ Prophylaxis of febrile seizure

Insomina

Q - Quazepam
I "F" Flurazepam (side effect → Nightmares)
E → Estrozolam
T → Trizolam, Temazepam
→→ Anxiolytics
→→ Lorazepam
→→ Diazepam
→→ Clorazepate
→→ Chlordiazepoxide
→→ Alprazolam (Antidepressant effect)
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→→ Alcohol dependence/withdrawal Please Note

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→→ Diazepam All rights are reserved. These notes are the copyright of Nursing
→→ Clorazepate Next Live. Reproduction of these notes by any form or by
any means electronic or mechanical including, screenshot,
→→ Chlordiazepoxide photocopying, printout, scanning, or circulating and sharing
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→→ Midazolam-intrathecal route directly & indirectly will be punishable & fined.
→→ Muscle relaxant
→→ Diazepam
Abuse: Flunitrazepam = "Tasteless" → Date rape
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Side Effects (20:54)

→→ CNS
→→ Confusion
→→ Ataxia
→→ Motor incoordination
→→ Paradoxical stimulation
→→ Euphoria
→→ Hallucination
→→ Seizure

Toxicity (22:00)

DOC: I/V Flumozenil

(2) Barbiturates (22:13)

MOA
→→ GABA agonist
→→ ↓Glutamates
→→ High dose → GABA mimetic action
→→ Highly unsafe

Classification

Ultra short acting Short acting Long acting

→→ Thiopentone →→ Butobarbital →→ Mephobarbital
→→ Methahexital →→ Secobarbital →→ Phenobarbital
↓ →→ Pentobarbital ↓
i/v Induction of ↓ Antiepileptics
Anaesthesia Preanesthetic ↓
medication Phenobarbital
↓ →→ DOC: Seizure in neonate
Sedation →→ DOC: Crigler najjar syndrome
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Side Effect Please Note
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→→ Acute intermittent porphyria All rights are reserved. These notes are the copyright of Nursing
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→→ Paradoxical seizure any means electronic or mechanical including, screenshot,
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Toxicity directly & indirectly will be punishable & fined.

Treatment:
1. Bicarbonate Urine alkalinization
2. Dialysis
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Z-Compounds(28:22)

→→ Effect
→→ Sedation
DOC insomnia
→→ Hypnosis
→→ Zaleplon    Shortest acting
   DOC Sleep induction
Jet lag
→→ Zolpidem
→→ Intermediate acting
→→ Sleep maintenance induction
→→ Ezzopiclone
→→ Longest acting
→→ DOC sleep maintenance

Melatonin Agonist (31:00)

Darkness
↓
Stimulate Pineal gland
↓
↑Melatonin
↓
Melatonin 1 receptor
Stimulate Hypothalamus
Melatonin 2 receptor
↓
"Sleep induction"

Drug: Ramelteon → oral

Use: Sleep induction

Jet lag
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→→ Less effective than Benzodiazepine Please Note

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→→ Lesser dependence and addiction any means electronic or mechanical including, screenshot,
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Carisoprodol Facebook, Instagram and by any mechanical means will be
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→→ Use → Muscle relaxant
→→ Prodrug of meprobamate → Use → Anxiolytic

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