2 For

Examiner’s
Use
1 Fig. 1.1 shows apparatus that may be used to compare the strengths of two springs of the
same size, but made from different materials.

spring

scale

masses

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Explain how the masses produce a force to stretch the spring.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why this force, like all forces, is a vector quantity.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the graphs obtained when the two springs are stretched.

20
force/N spring 1
15
spring 2
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40
extension/mm

Fig. 1.2

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 3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(i) State which spring is more difficult to extend. Quote values from the graphs to
support your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) On the graph of spring 2, mark a point P at the limit of proportionality. Explain your
choice of point P.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Use the graphs to find the difference in the extensions of the two springs when a
force of 15 N is applied to each one.

difference in extensions = ..................................

[6]

2 The speed of a cyclist reduces uniformly from 2.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s in 12 s.

(a) Calculate the deceleration of the cyclist.

deceleration = ..................................[3]

(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the cyclist in this time.

distance = ..................................[2]

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 4

2 In an experiment, forces are applied to a spring as shown in Fig. 2.1a. The results of this For
experiment are shown in Fig. 2.1b. Examiner’s
Use

16
R
Q

12
ruler force/N
spring
8.0 P

4.0

weights

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0
extension/mm

Fig. 2.1a Fig. 2.1b

(a) What is the name given to the point marked Q on Fig. 2.1b?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) For the part OP of the graph, the spring obeys Hooke’s Law.
State what this means.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The spring is stretched until the force and extension are shown by the point R on the
graph. Compare how the spring stretches, as shown by the part of the graph OQ, with
that shown by QR.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) The part OP of the graph shows the spring stretching according to the expression

F = kx.

Use values from the graph to calculate the value of k.

k =..................................[2]

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 5 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 (a) A spring of original length 3.0 cm is extended to a total length of 5.0 cm by a force of
8.0 N.

Assuming the limit of proportionality of the spring has not been reached, calculate the
force needed to extend it to a total length of 6.0 cm.

force = ................................................ [3]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the arrangement for an experiment on moments.

spring
pivot
F

metre rule

Fig. 3.1

The spring exerts a force F on the metre rule.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, mark another quantity which must be measured to find the moment of
the force F. [1]

(ii) State how the moment of the force F is calculated.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]

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 4

3 A student investigated the stretching of a spring by hanging various weights from it and For
measuring the corresponding extensions. The results are shown below. Examiner’s
Use

weight / N 0 1 2 3 4 5

extension / mm 0 21 40 51 82 103

(a) On Fig. 3.1, plot the points from these results. Do not draw a line through the points yet.
[2]

120

100

extension / mm

80

60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
weight / N

Fig. 3.1

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 5

(b) The student appears to have made an error in recording one of the results. For
Examiner’s
Which result is this? Use

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Ignoring the incorrect result, draw the best straight line through the remaining points.
[1]

(d) State and explain whether this spring is obeying Hooke’s Law.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(e) Describe how the graph might be shaped if the student continued to add several more
weights to the spring.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) The student estimates that if he hangs a 45 N load on the spring, the extension will be
920 mm.

Explain why this estimate may be unrealistic.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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 4

2 Four students, A, B, C and D, each have a spring. They measure the lengths of their springs For
when the springs are stretched by different loads. Examiner’s
Use

Their results are shown in Fig. 2.1.

student A student B student C student D

load / N spring length / cm spring length / cm spring length / cm spring length / cm

0.5 6.7 9.2 9.1 10.0

1.0 7.7 10.0 9.9 11.1

1.5 8.7 10.8 10.7 12.2

2.0 9.7 11.6 11.5 13.3

2.5 10.7 12.6 12.3 14.4

3.0 11.7 13.8 13.1 15.5

3.5 12.7 15.2 13.9 16.6

4.0 13.7 16.8 14.7 17.7

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) State which student had loaded the spring beyond the limit of proportionality.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain how you obtained your answer to (a)(i).

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) For the spring used by student A, calculate

(i) the extra extension caused by each additional 0.5 N,

extra extension = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the unloaded length of the spring.

unloaded length = ................................................ [1]

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 5

(c) Student A obtains a second spring that is identical to his first spring. He hangs the two For
springs side by side, as shown in Fig. 2.2. Examiner’s
Use

identical
springs

load

Fig. 2.2

Use the table to calculate the length of each of the springs when a load of 2.5 N is hung
as shown in Fig. 2.2. Show your working.

length = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

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 3

2 A bucket is full of oil. The total mass of the bucket of oil is 5.4 kg and the gravitational field For
strength is 10 N / kg. Examiner’s
Use

(a) Calculate the total weight of the bucket of oil.

weight = ................................................. [1]

(b) The bucket of oil is hung from a spring of unstretched length 20 cm. The limit of
proportionality of the spring is not exceeded and its length increases to 35 cm.

(i) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) The oil is poured into a measuring tank. The empty bucket stretches the spring to a
length of 25 cm.

Calculate

1. the force that stretches the spring to a length of 25 cm,

force = ................................................. [3]

2. the mass of the oil in the measuring tank.

mass = ................................................. [2]

(iii) The volume of the oil in the measuring tank is 0.0045 m3. Calculate the density of
the oil.

density = ................................................. [2]

(c) Explain, in terms of their molecules, why the density of the oil is greater than that of air.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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 4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows the extension-load graph for a spring. For

Examiner’s
Use

P
extension

0
0
load

Fig. 2.1

Point P is the limit of proportionality.

(a) (i) Name the law obeyed by the spring from the origin to P.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe two features of the graph which show that the law is obeyed.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) On Fig. 2.1, sketch a possible continuation of the graph when the spring is loaded
beyond the limit of proportionality. [1]

[Total: 4]

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 4

2 A spring S is suspended from a clamp stand in a school laboratory. For

Examiner’s
A student hangs various masses from the end of S and determines the extension x produced Use

by each mass.

(a) Calculate the weight of a 250 g mass.

weight = ................................................. [2]

(b) The student plots a graph of the force F applied to the spring against the extension x.
Fig. 2.1 is the student’s graph.

6.0

5.0
F /N P
4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
x / cm

Fig. 2.1

At point P on the graph, the line begins to curve.

(i) State the name given to point P.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Use the section of the graph where spring S obeys Hooke’s law (F = kx) to
determine the spring constant k of the spring.

k = ................................................. [2]

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 5

(c) Fig. 2.2 shows a mass of 0.12 kg resting on the bottom of a box. For
Examiner’s
Use
box mass spring

Fig. 2.2

A spring that is identical to S connects the mass and one side of the box. Ignore friction
between the mass and the box.

(i) The box and the mass are at rest.

State the resultant force acting on the mass.

force = ................................................. [1]

(ii) The box is firmly attached, in a horizontal position, to the body of a racing car.

As the car accelerates the spring stretches by 2.0 cm.

1. Using Fig. 2.1, determine the tension in the spring.

tension = ................................................. [1]

2. Calculate the acceleration of the mass produced by this tension.

acceleration = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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 4

3 Fig. 3.1 shows part of the extension-load graph for a spring.

extension / cm

3.0
B

A
0
0 12.0
load / N

Fig. 3.1

The spring obeys Hooke’s law between points A and B.

(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, complete the graph between A and B. [1]

(ii) State the name of point B.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The average value of the load between A and B is 6.0 N.

Calculate the work done in extending the spring from A to B.

work done = ...........................................................[2]

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 5

(c) The spring has an unstretched length of 4.0 cm.

An object is hung on the spring and the spring length increases from 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm.

(i) Calculate the mass of the object.

mass = ...........................................................[3]

(ii) The object is immersed in a liquid but remains suspended from the spring.

The liquid exerts an upward force on the object and the length of the spring decreases
to 5.0 cm.

Calculate the upward force exerted on the object by the liquid.

upward force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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 2

1 (a) State Hooke’s law. For

Examiner’s
.......................................................................................................................................... Use

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a graph of the stretching force F acting on a spring against the extension
x of the spring.

250

200

F /N

150

100

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
x / mm

Fig. 1.1

(i) State the features of the graph that show that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Calculate k, the force per unit extension of the spring.

k = ................................................... [3]

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 3

(iii) The limit of proportionality of the spring is reached at an extension of 50 mm. For
Examiner’s
Continue the graph in Fig. 1.1 to suggest how the spring behaves when the Use

stretching force is increased to values above 125 N. [1]

(iv) Another spring has a smaller value of k. This spring obeys Hooke’s law for
extensions up to 80 mm.

On the grid of Fig. 1.1, draw a possible line of the variation of F with x for this
spring. [1]

[Total: 7]

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 3

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the force-extension graphs for two different springs.

30

25 spring A
force / N
20 spring B

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
extension / cm

Fig. 1.2

(i) A student states that spring B is easier to stretch than spring A.

Use values from Fig. 1.2 to explain what the student means.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) When a force of 25 N is applied, spring B reaches its limit of proportionality but spring A
does not. Explain how Fig. 1.2 shows this.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) The same force is applied to each spring.

Using Fig. 1.2, determine the force that produces an extension of spring B that is 1.0 cm
greater than the extension of spring A.

force = ................................................................[1]

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 2

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided. Use

1 Fig. 1.1 shows how the length of a spring varies as the force applied to it increases.

2.0

force / N

1.5

1.0

0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
length of spring / cm

Fig. 1.1

(a) Determine the length of the unstretched spring.

length = ................................................... [1]

(b) Explain how the graph shows that the limit of proportionality is not reached.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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 3

(c) The spring is attached to a mass M of 0.20 kg and placed on a frictionless surface, as For
shown in Fig. 1.2. Examiner’s
Use

M spring car accelerates in

this direction
frictionless
surface

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

The apparatus is placed on the floor of a car.

When the car accelerates uniformly in the direction shown, the spring extends.

(i) State what is meant by a uniform acceleration.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) The extension of the spring is 9.0 cm.

Using Fig. 1.1, determine
1. the horizontal force on M,

force = .................................................. [1]

2. the acceleration of M.

acceleration = .................................................. [2]

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 2

Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 A student suspends a spring from a clamp stand. He measures the unstretched length of the
spring with no load attached. He then attaches different loads to the lower end of the spring and
measures the new lengths of the spring.

Fig. 1.1 shows how the total length of the spring depends on the load attached.

25

20

length / cm
P
15

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
load / N

Fig. 1.1

(a) At point P on Fig. 1.1, the line stops being straight and begins to curve.

State the name of point P.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) (i) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the unstretched length of the spring.

unstretched length = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) Calculate the extension of the spring for a load of 4.0 N.

extension = ...........................................................[1]
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 3

(c) The student attaches a small block of wood to an identical spring. The extension of the spring
is 2.7 cm. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

Calculate the mass of the block of wood.

mass = ...........................................................[2]

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