AG-MCAE 328

BASICS OF PROJECTS STUDY AND

DEVELOPMENT

RUBYGRACE G. GUIA

FEBRUARY 20, 2023

PRE-DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. Why is project study important?

2. Why is project study important in development?
3. What are the policies involve on assessment of learning in projects
and development?
4. Describe the concepts of project “The Cutting Edge of Development”
 CURRENT SITUATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE
PHILIPPINES

- Agriculture managed to grow by 0.5 percent in the second quarter of

2020. Production in crops and fisheries recorded increases while
livestock and poultry posted declines. Crops registered a 5.0 percent
growth in production. It shared 53.7 percent of the
total agricultural output.
 LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE:

- Although these technologies are fairly new, the industry has seen an
increasing number of traditional agriculture companies adopt farm
automation into their processes. New advancements in technologies
ranging from robotics and drones to computer vision software have
completely transformed modern agriculture.
WHY PROJECTS STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT

Definition of a Projects

- Origins and meaning of the word: The word “project” was first used in
or around the sixteenth century and derives from the Latin projicere (=
throw forward). The Latin root thus suggests movement, a trajectory, a
certain relationship with space and time.
 THE IMPLIED PROCESS INVOLVES:

- a point of departure
- used as a base, from which
- one throws oneself forward
- towards a goal.
PROJECTS

- is defined as a specific, finite activity, that produces observable and

measurable results under certain present requirements.it is an attempt to
implement desired changed to environment in a controlled way. By
using projects, we can plan and do our activities, for example, build a
garage run a marketing campaign, develop a website, organize a party, go
on vacation, graduate a university with honors or whatever else we may
wish to do.
CON’T..

- is a temporary, unique and progressive attempt to endeavor made to

produce some kind of a tangible or intangible result. (a unique product,
service, benefits, competitive advantage, etc.) it usually includes a series
of interrelated tasks that are planned for execution over a fixed period of
time and within certain requirements and limitations such as cost,
quality, performance, etc.
CON’T…

- a great opportunity of an organization and individual to achieved their

business and non-business objectives more efficiently through
implementing change. Projects help us make desired changes in an
organized manner and with reduced probability of failure.
ADVANTAGES OF PROJECTS
LIMITATIONS OF PROJECTS
 II. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?

Question: What do you understand by the term ‘development’? List

the words or phrases that you associate with the term.
- You might have listed some of the following words: change, consumption, economic
development, economic growth, education, entitlements, equality, equity, freedom,
gender equity, goals, good governance, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), health, human
development, human rights, income, justice, livelihoods, Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs), participation, peace, positive change, poverty reduction, process of
change, production, progress, reducing vulnerability, responsibilities, self-determination,
social development, social inclusion, sustainability, targets, wealth.
 DEVELOPMENT

- in the simplest terms, development can be defined as bringing about social change that
allows people to achieve their human potential.

- Furthermore, development is often regarded as something that is done by one group

(such as a development agency) to another (such as rural farmers in a developing
country).
 DEVELOPMENT TRANSFORMS THE ENVIRONMENT

• development is about the conversion of natural resources into cultural resources. This
conversion has taken place throughout the history of human societies, although the
process has generally increased in pace and complexity with time.

• If we use a system diagram to illustrate - in very general terms - what an economy

does, we see that the basic function of an economy is to convert natural resources (in
the forms of raw materials and energy) into products and services that are useful to
humans (see 2.1.1).
 RESOURCES, ENERGY, AND WASTE

• An example of this type of conversion would be the extraction of

crude oil from the North Sea, its fractionation and distillation in oil
refineries, and its conversion to petroleum or diesel. In turn, those
products (petrol and diesel) are converted - through combustion
processes - into useful work (such as transportation) while the waste
products are released into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases (such as
carbon dioxide).
 ECONOMIC GROWTH

From this point of view, development means an increase in the size or

pace of the economy such that more products and services are produced.
Conventionally, a common assumption has been that, if an economy
generates more products and services, then humans will enjoy a higher
standard of living.
- The aim of many conventional approaches to development has been to
increase the size of the economy (economic growth) in order to increase
the output of products and services. Of course, without any change in
the fundamental economic processes involved, the production of more
products and services will inevitably require more raw materials and
energy, and will generate more waste.
PROJECTS; THE CUTTING EDGE OF DEVELOPMENT

- All countries have national plans that spell a range of economic and social objectives
and strategies meant to enhance growth and development. Projects provide an
important means by which investment and other development expenditures foreseen in
the plans can be clarified, justified, and realized. Development plans and projects are
closely interlinked since sound development plans require good projects as just good
projects require sound planning. For effective planning, to this effect, availability and
access to a wide range of information on existing and potential investments and their
likely effects on growth and other national objectives is crucial.
LESSON II
 THE PROJECT CYCLE

• The process of planning and managing projects follows a logical, continuous cycle.
Each phase of the project leads to the next.

• The identify stage includes a needs assessment process to determine the needs
and problems in a community.
• The design phase includes the actual planning and design of a project.
• The implement stage refers to the implementation of the project, whether it is a
single-year or multi-year implementation period.
• The evaluation of project results occurs at the end of a project and involves
determining whether the project’s goal and objectives were achieved. The
evaluation stage then leads to the identification of additional or persisting
problems, allowing the cycle to begin again.
• Project monitoring occurs throughout all stages allowing for small adjustments
in the project’s planning, design, and implementation in order to ensure the
project’s success.
 AN OVERVIEW OF PROJECT PLANNING

Project planning involves a series of steps that determine how to achieve a particular community or
organizational goal or set of related goals. This goal can be identified in a community plan or a
strategic plan. Project plans can also be based on community goals or action strategies developed
through community meetings and gatherings, tribal council or board meetings, or other planning
processes.
• The planning process should occur before you write your application and submit it for
funding.
Project planning:
• identifies specific community problems that stand in the way of meeting
community goals.
• creates a work plan for addressing problems and attaining the goals.
• describes measurable beneficial impacts to the community that result from the
project’s implementation.
• determines the level of resources or funding necessary to implement the project.
 WHY IS PROJECT PLANNING IMPORTANT?

Project Planning helps us to: Project Planning helps to eliminate:

think ahead and prepare for the future poor planning

clarify goals and develop a vision overambitious projects
identify issues that will need to be unsustainable projects
addressed choose between options undefined problems
consider whether a project is unstructured project work plans
possible make the best use of
resources motivate staff and the
community assign resources and
responsibilities achieve the best
results
The following overview includes some key points to consider during the
project-planning phase.
Local decision making in achieving community self-sufficiency is
fundamental in the success and positive growth in every community.
Community involvement is central to both the strategic planning and
project planning that occurs before the development of any grant application
 COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING

This process involves completing a community-wide needs assessment to

engage the community in identifying and prioritizing all long-range goals
and the community problems preventing the achievement of those goals.
 STRATEGIC PLANNING

- involves the participation of the community in identifying problems that stand

between the community and its goals and moves the community toward realizing its
long-range vision.

The product of strategic planning, often simply called the “strategic plan,” builds
on pre-established long-range goals by designing projects related to one or more of
these goals. A strategic plan generally takes at least a year to complete
 INITIATING THE PLANNING PROCESS

Project planning begins with the formation of a local project planning

committee or group. Whenever possible, tribes and organizations should use
a team approach to plan new projects which involves staff, community
members, community or organizational leadership, and a grant writer or
consultant if necessary
 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STEPS

When planning for and designing a new project, it is suggested using the following ten
steps of project development:

1. Identify the Long Range Goals

2A. Conduct a Community Assessment to Identify the Problem

2B. Assess Available Resources

3 Refine Assessment of Assets

4. Determine the Project Goal

5. Select a Project Approach/Strategy

6. Develop Project Objectives and Activities

7. Identify Potential Challenges and Develop a Contingency Plan

8. Develop a Project Evaluation Plan

9. Develop an Objective Work Plan

10. Develop a Sustainability Strategy

LESSON III
THANK YOU!
List down al