starch

④
Amylase
litmylopsin)↳ Maltose
⑤ Lipase hipidsttats
( steapsin )↳F a-
glycerol
-
+

Nucleic acid
⑥ Nuclease
( > Nucleotides

⑥ small Intestine Trypsinogen

Csuousenteucus)①Ehtlhkmase Gypsum
by
-
"

② Erepsin G¥tides
•

pH : 7.8
£
peptides
-

a-
>

③oipeptidaso Dipeptide
↳ a. a-

④
hipas.ec?-atss--a- glycerol
⑤
taaetasecjaaltose
glucose
⑥ sucrose

swoasocygeutfrn '

⑦Lactose
Ghactose glucose
galactose +

⑥ Nucleotidase Nucleotides
↳ udeosides
Nucleosides
⑨ Nucleotidase ↳
µ -
Base

⑦ boofesntesbie •
No
digestion
 and Disorders *&
Deficiency
'
EM Protein Malnutrition
Energy
-

f
muscles , thin limbs,
① Kwashiorkor Protein deficiency
→
•

wasting of
( due to low protein
high calorie
,
Brain
development poor , Fats
diet →
> y year age under skin, oedema
swelling
② Marasmus → Protein G
wasting muscles , thin limbs,
energy of
•

deficiency skin -

dryq thin ,
wrinkles ,

( due Mental retardation

to low protein, low calorie .

diet < I
idevelopment
→ year age
vitamins
deficiency disorders
-

vitamins functions
⑦ Fat soluble
Deficiency
Vision blindness
1) vitamin
A
Night
•

( Retinol) •

xeaopthdrmva

÷ .

2) vitamin D Tses cattalo

'

( calciferol) sorption
•

•
Rickets - In children
in bones
•
osteomalacia -
In
adults
T5oneIFuess
3) vitamin E
Failure
•

Beauty hormone .

Reproductive
tocopherol)
Fertility hormone
•

4)vitamin µ
disorder
synthetic Blood dotting Bleeding
•

:
•

L
K, phylloquinone (sweet fodder
cattle →

kzlmennaguienone clover tray

contains "
dietumahol "
Ks (Phyllo ubiquinone antagonistic vitamin K
-
'
(B) Water soluble
vitamin B -

complex affect
Nervous

}
and system
1) vitamin Bs growth repair Beriberi
•
•

( Thiamine Wernicke's
syndrome
•

Korsakoff 's syndrome

•

( Poor Brain development]

a) vitBz
Formation
of (
small cracks
•

Lgpnibofvavin) cheilosis
•

enzymes DgFMN)
at
b- corners
of
mouth
③ñtB3 Formation of
( icotinamidef pellagra (sylammatnéw
-

•
•

) enzymes ( HAD HADID

co -

Niacin of skin
>

a) vitB5
Foreskin , hair Dermatitis
Cpentothenic
•
•

acid •
loss and
hair
graying of

5)Vit Bo
Retarded
Protein metabolism growth
•
•

,
(
pyridoxine) dermatitis
,
anaemia
etc
-

)xitB7 Metabolism
s

( Biotin
•

of
carbs > parolees foes .
•
Retarded
growth
,

f) VitB9 •
prize formation •
Pernicious anaemia
acid
__

Folic
Harmful
8) Vit B12 RBC
synthesis aloblastic anaemia

Cyanocobalamin Meg
•
•

( maturation )
•⑥"Irene 0

RBC
Immature
RBC ( small ,
I large,
Nucleated) ^tTmdated)
a) Vit 1317
anti-cancer properties
1 Laetrile )
•

)vit
10 C
Immunity Suing bleeding
•

,
•

(Ascorbic
acid )
RBC
formation
teeth
,
gund .

F for bones ,
glucose
acid

ExbÉ
① vitamins contains Avidin
↳ egg white
•

↳ prevents
Biotin
the
absorption of
Legg should not be

consumed in a raw
stale
↳ vitamin B, → Raw fish 's muscle contain's

that wit BL
enzyme destroy
↳ POW prisoners LWWII) killed
by
-
war were
of
Beri beri - .
② on
seawater drinking →
xagtt it in seawater
d-
(constipation lumen
alimentary
in
Mg++
purgatives
contains
ti
prevents water
absorption 9
tlgioulp hate draws water
from blood to lumen

+
diarrhoea

③ Disorders g Diseases

1. Jaundice -

Yellowing of skin , eyes ,

nails
2.
Vomiting -

dist#n of stomach,
⑧ cows

widening control centre in

medulla
3- Diarrhoea - Abnormal
bowel movement Brain
of
,

Frequency
'
and
liquidity of faeces
Tses

constipation bowel movement >

4
Irregular
"
-

retained
Faeces
.

are

5-
Indigestion - due to
overeating , anxiety ,

spicy food -

6.
cholecystitis
wm-Inflamenationoyst.io
mm

Bile
duct
 7. Appendicitis -

Inflammation of appendix
Achalasia candia Failure relaxation cardiac
of
8.

of
-

↳ sphincters , accumulation
of
t.HN y•¥
food is oesophagus

content
acid
reflex ( )
Heartburn → acidic
into
escapes
oesophagus
-

9. Hernia
↳ protrusion / Perforation ( outgrowth)
of intestine into

abdomifan.iq
MN
inguinal canal

☒¥•¥#*÷-÷
or scrotal sac .

canal

Er%Eho¥÷e→N}# iii.is
④
•

constipation
vessel
↳ Rectal veins

§
dueto
distended
Cenlasged)
weakening of valves ( varicosity)
> Rectum is swollen
,
leads to
bleeding ( Blood
in
)
faeces
II. Galactosemia → Metabolic disorder ( genetic disorder
- mm
due
¥-4
to
galactose in
Blood Unidy transferase
Lactose Intolerant ↳ accumul
of ation
galactose Fucose

galactose
*
Eutero -
hepatic circulation

.gg#--nepalwww.t/)I&d*
icartery)
• Bile salts
from Ileum pupate
Intestine)
[ vein artery
return to

É→_
,

,÷÷# {
lives .
Bite salts

Intestine

Portal vein

salivary amylase
*

↳ Aptyatism → causes dental carries ✓

↳ becomes inactive in stomach ( because pH acidic
]
↳ absent
-
.

in mammals like cows

buffalos his tigers
-

,
, ,
do
-

# Stomach Ruminant
of compound stomach → >I

chambered

÷:÷÷
d
oesophagus

Reticulum
↳ stores food
↳ contains ↳ Contains Runaway
Abomasum
) ( anaerobic
ihumenowcay omasum ( Kennet cdlolytic
( psalterium) " True
stomach
" ) Ismay
bacteria

cellulose acid
fatty