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    8. مظاهر الازدهار الحضاري لأفريكا الرومانيّة - ازدهار المدن

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    1. The Roman presence in Africa lasted from 146 BC to 439 AD, around 585 years. During this period many cities flourished under Roman rule. 2. Major cities in Roman Africa included coastal cities like Carthage, Hadrumetum, and inland cities like Bulla Regia and Mactar. These cities had forums, temples, baths, and circular theaters and amphitheaters that hosted games and races. 3. The province of Roman Africa was administered by a governor appointed by the Roman emperor. The governor oversaw security, justice, finances, and major public works projects in the cities and infrastructure of the province. Municipalities had local councils that managed local affairs.

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    8. مظاهر الازدهار الحضاري لأفريكا الرومانيّة - ازدهار المدن

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    1. The Roman presence in Africa lasted from 146 BC to 439 AD, around 585 years. During this period many cities flourished under Roman rule. 2. Major cities in Roman Africa included coastal cities like Carthage, Hadrumetum, and inland cities like Bulla Regia and Mactar. These cities had forums, temples, baths, and circular theaters and amphitheaters that hosted games and races. 3. The province of Roman Africa was administered by a governor appointed by the Roman emperor. The governor oversaw security, justice, finances, and major public works projects in the cities and infrastructure of the province. Municipalities had local councils that managed local affairs.

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    1. The Roman presence in Africa lasted from 146 BC to 439 AD, around 585 years. During this period many cities flourished under Roman rule. 2. Major cities in Roman Africa included coastal cities like Carthage, Hadrumetum, and inland cities like Bulla Regia and Mactar. These cities had forums, temples, baths, and circular theaters and amphitheaters that hosted games and races. 3. The province of Roman Africa was administered by a governor appointed by the Roman emperor. The governor oversaw security, justice, finances, and major public works projects in the cities and infrastructure of the province. Municipalities had local councils that managed local affairs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K views2 pages

    8. مظاهر الازدهار الحضاري لأفريكا الرومانيّة - ازدهار المدن

    Uploaded by

    jouinitasnim26
    1. The Roman presence in Africa lasted from 146 BC to 439 AD, around 585 years. During this period many cities flourished under Roman rule. 2. Major cities in Roman Africa included coastal cities like Carthage, Hadrumetum, and inland cities like Bulla Regia and Mactar. These cities had forums, temples, baths, and circular theaters and amphitheaters that hosted games and races. 3. The province of Roman Africa was administered by a governor appointed by the Roman emperor. The governor oversaw security, justice, finances, and major public works projects in the cities and infrastructure of the province. Municipalities had local councils that managed local affairs.

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    of 2

    ‫ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﻷﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬

    ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪:‬‬


    ‫ﺇﺛﺮ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺝ ﻭﺇﺧﻀﺎﻉ ﳎﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮ‪‬ﻧﺖ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﲰ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭﺍﺗ‪‬ﺨﺬﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
    ‫ﺃﻭﺗﻴﻜﺎ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 27‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﻗﻨﺼﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬
    ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﻗﻨﺼﻞ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺝ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻣﺘﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
    ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 146‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 439‬ﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ 585‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

    ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ‪:‬‬


    ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‪‬ﺩﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺣﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺝ ﻭﻫﺪﺭﻭﻣﺘﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻴـﺴﺪﺭﻭﺱ‬
    ‫ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺑﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺒﻮﻻﺭﳚﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺮﻳﺲ ﻭﻗﺒﺼﺎ‪.‬‬
    ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺢ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﳒﺪ ‪:‬‬
    ‫* ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻭﻡ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﻘﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﹼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

    ‫* ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺑﺪ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻛﻤﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﺘﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﻔﻴﻄﻼ )ﺳﺒﻴﻄﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬

    ‫* ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﺎ ﳑﻴﺎ ﺑﺒﻮﻻﺭﳚﺎ‪.‬‬

    ‫* ﺍﳌﻼﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔ ‪:‬‬


    ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻻ ﲨﺎﻫﲑﻳﺎ ﺿﺨﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﳚﻠـﺴﻮﻥ ﰲ‬
    ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺝ ﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﲔ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻯ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
    ‫ﺍﳌﻼﻋﺐ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻴﺴﺪﺭﻭﺱ )ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻢ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬

    ‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ‪:‬‬


    ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻳﻌﲔ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﻭﺍ ﹴﻝ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺴﻬﺮ‬
    ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

    ‫‪1‬‬
    ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﹼﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺗـﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﱂ‬
    ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺑﺘ ﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻬﺎﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻔﻮ‪‬ﺿﲔ ﺟﻬﻮﻳ‪‬ﲔ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻝ ﺑﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻗﺮﻃـﺎﺝ‬
    ‫ﻭﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻋﻨ‪‬ﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻘﺮ‪‬ﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﲨـﻊ‬
    ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪.‬‬

    ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ‪:‬‬


    ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬
    ‫* ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
    ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﹼﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳ‪‬ﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ‬
    ‫ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﻯ ﺃﹸﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﻯ ﺑﻮﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻢ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻨﻒ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻮﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺖ‬
    ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺗﻴﻜﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺪﺭﻭﻣﺘﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﻜﻮ‪‬ﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
    ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺗﻮﺱ )ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﺀ( ﻭﺍﳊﻜﹼﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﲔ‪.‬‬

    ‫* ﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﻷﻫﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬


    ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻥ ﲰﺤﺖ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻈﻠﹼﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺎﺗﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺑﻮﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
    ‫ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬

    ‫‪2‬‬

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