Microfluidics and its Applications

Micro Fluidics and its Applications

BITS F417 / ME F423

Dr. Satish Kumar Dubey

Mechanical Engineering Department
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
 BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Fluid mechanics at micro

Micro scale fluid mechanics
Fluid is substance that deforms continuously under shear
stress.
Kinematic properties of fluid
 Velocity
 Acceleration
 Strain rate
Transport properties (Fluid properties)
 Viscosity
 Diffusivity
Thermodynamic properties
 Pressure
 Temperature
 Density
Miscellaneous properties : because of interaction
• Surface tension
• Vapour pressure

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Micro scale fluid mechanics
State of matter
• Liquid
• Gas
• Solid
Density
• Solid >1000 kg/m3
• Gas in the order of 1 kg/m3
• Liquid in the order of 1000 kg/m3
Molecular interaction

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Micro scale fluid mechanics
Molecular interaction

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Micro scale fluid mechanics

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Micro scale fluid mechanics

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Conservation Equations

Nearly all physical process of interest are governed by

conservation principle.

Mass conservation

Momentum conservation

Energy conservation

8 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

General Structure of Conservation
Equation

Rate (in –out + generation)= rate of change… with respect

to time inside control volume

Rate of (in-out ) along x direction

J x (yz )  J x  x (yz )
J x
(J x  J x  x)yz
x
J x
 xyz
x

9 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

General Structure of
Conservation Equation
Rate of (in-out ) along y direction

J y (xz )  J y  y (xz )

J y
(J y  J y  y )xz
y
J y
 xyz
y

10 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

General Structure of
Conservation Equation
Rate of (in-out ) along y direction

J z (xy)  J z  z (xy)

J z
(J z  J z  z )xy
z
J z
 xyz
z

11 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

General Structure of
Conservation Equation
S: Rate of gen per unit volume
Rate of (generation )
 Sxyz

Rate of change… with respect to time inside control volume


( xyz )
t
Rate (in –out + generation)= rate of change… with respect
to time inside control volume:

 .J  S  (  )
t
12 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
General Structure of
Conservation Equation

J d iff  
J d iff   
J convection V
 
 .(  V )  S  (  )
t
 
(  )  .( V )  .( )  S
t

13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

General Structure of
Conservation Equation
 
(  )  .( V )  .( )  S
t
  u  v  w             
        
       S
t x y z x  x  y  y  z  z 
Continuity Equation:

  1;   0; S  0

X Momentum Equation:
P 
  u;    ; S       .V  body force
x x
Energy Equation:
  T , h, u(int ernal energy ) ;   k / c p
14 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
General Structure of Conservation Equation

  u  v  w             

                S
t x y z x  x  y  y  z  z 

Continuity Equation:

  1;   0; S  0
X Momentum Equation:

P 
  u;    ; S       .V  body force
x x
Energy Equation:

  T , h, u(int ernal energy ) ;   k / c p

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Continuum

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Continuum

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Continuum

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Continuum Assumption

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Properties of gas and liquids

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Conservation Equations

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Gas Flow

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Gas Flow

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Four main regimes of fluid rarefaction

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Sample problem

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Relationship among dimensionless quantities

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Sample calculations

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Conclusions

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