SUBJECT : Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts -LEA 205

PROFESSOR : Alexander M. Dionisio, Rcrim, Ph.D.

ASST. PROFESSOR : Maria Angelica Mista
LEADER : Aldwin Crisostomo
MEMBERS : Michael Alcantara
Miaca Jullia Constantino Quising
Salman Hadji Ali
Yesha Mae Santos Meneses
Raven Reyes
Jc Vasquez
Hannah Grace Aclan
Reine Justin Gatdula
 Introduction To Industrial Security Concepts
LEA 205

PROFESSOR : Alexander M. Dionisio, Rcrim, Ph.D.

ASST. PROFESSOR : Maria Angelica Mista
LEADER : Aldwin Crisostomo
MEMBERS : Michael Alcantara
Miaca Jullia Constantino Quising
Salman Hadji Ali
Yesha Mae Santos Meneses
Raven Reyes
Jc Vasquez
Hannah Grace Aclan
Reine Justin Gatdula
 GROUP 3

CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

LEVELS OF PHYSICAL SECURITY SYSTEMS

Physical Security - Physical security is the physical protection of people, businesses, software,
equipment, or valuables against all or any security risks. Physical security is the different security
measures that you take to ensure the safety of your business or property. Physical security will
protect you against security threats or security incidents such as theft, fires, vandalism, terrorism,
or even natural disasters.

Outer Perimeter - The outer perimeter of a facility is defined by the actual property lines. When
securing the outer perimeter, the goal is to control who can walk or drive onto the grounds.
Perimeter security can include a locked gate that is locked, remotely operated, or protected by
guards. In some situations, a simple hedge can provide adequate perimeter security, while a barbed
wire fence with a guarded gate is called for in extreme situations. Determining what type of
perimeter security to install requires weighing the risk of an intruder accessing the property against
the cost of the physical security measures available.

Inner Perimeter – Perimeter security secures the facility’s doors, windows, and walls. Alarm
systems are often used as a warning signal if an entry or exit is breached; however, not every
threat entering your building will trigger an alarm. Perimeter security measures include locks,
keys, access control, electronic visitor management systems, and key controls. These measures
help keep unauthorized people out and control the flow of visitors into your building. Not every
person will look like a threat entering your building, but utilizing technology like visitor
management allows you to create internal watch lists, run government-issued background checks,
ban visitor entry, and send immediate notifications to your security workers.

Interior Perimeter - Interior security addresses the building’s inner spaces, where employee
offices, data stores, and other assets reside. Security cameras and motion detectors are effective
for monitoring a business’s interior spaces. Electronic access control systems stop unauthorized
visitors at the door and control traffic within a facility. A visitor management system located in
the lobby scans IDs, records visit times, and stores identification information on every person
who requests access to your facility. A VMS can run an instant background check on visitors and
alert personnel to visitors who may pose a threat if they’re granted entry.

KEY PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

Preparation - A procedure for appropriately applying access controls to the physical

security perimeters. Such controls covered include visitor passes and how to respond to
unauthorized access. The process for ensuring access authorization requests and revocations is
reviewed.

Detection - Physical intrusion detection systems (PIDS) detect physical security threats
entering restricted areas, and include video surveillance, doorstop, motion detectors, and glass
break sensors.

Deterrence - designed to discourage potential intruders in the first place. These can include
fences, fence toppers like barbed wire or razor wire, signage, security lighting, and visible
surveillance cameras.

Delay - your last line of defense to prevent an attack, but they also work to maximize the
time between detection and an attack breaching the perimeter. This is essential to ensure enough
time for an appropriate response to be triggered and deployed so that the threat can be defused.
OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

Physical security refers to the measures taken to protect people, property, and physical
assets from any action or event that could lead to loss or damage. The objectives of physical
security are always the same and can be summarized as follows:

Deter intruders: Physical security measures should deter potential intruders from
attempting to gain unauthorized access to a facility or property. This can be achieved through the
use of visible security measures such as security cameras, access control systems, and security
personnel.

Deny access: Physical security measures should prevent unauthorized access to a facility
or property. This can be achieved through the use of access control systems, such as key cards or
biometric scanners, and physical barriers such as fences, gates, and locks.

Detect dangers: Physical security measures should detect potential dangers or threats to a
facility or property. This can be achieved through the use of security cameras, motion detectors,
and other surveillance technologies.

Identify personnel: Physical security measures should identify authorized personnel who
are allowed access to a facility or property. This can be achieved through the use of access control
systems, such as key cards or biometric scanners, and by requiring identification badges or other
forms of identification.

Overall, the objectives of physical security are to protect the assets and facilities of an
organization, prevent unauthorized access, and ensure the safety of personnel. Physical security is
an important component of any comprehensive security program and should be implemented,
improved, and maintained to ensure its effectiveness.

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

Physical security refers to the measures taken to protect people, property, and assets from
physical harm or damage. The components of physical security can vary depending on the
organization or facility, but generally include the following:

Access control: This component involves controlling who has access to a building or
facility. Access control systems can include electronic card readers, biometric scanners, or security
guards who check identification.

Surveillance: This component involves monitoring the premises for suspicious activity or
potential threats. Surveillance systems can include digital cameras, contact sensors that are
monitored for forced entry, and alarm monitoring.

Testing: This component involves testing the physical security measures in place to ensure
they are effective. Testing can include regular drills, vulnerability assessments, and penetration
testing.

Other components of physical security can include perimeter security, such as fences and
barriers, and environmental controls, such as fire suppression systems and temperature controls.
A complete physical security system should have multiple layers of security protection to deter
potential threats and protect people and assets from harm.
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

WHAT IS PHYSICAL BARRIER?

A barrier can be defined as any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring,
or delaying illegal access to an installation.

PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS:

1. Defined the physical limits of an area.

2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. Prevent penetration therein or delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of
intruders.
4. Assist in more efficient and economic employment of guards.
5. Facilitate and improve the control and vehicular traffic.

TYPES OF BARRIERS:

Structural barriers- these are features constructed by man regardless of their original intent that
tend to delay the intruder.
Examples are walls, doors, windows, locks, fences, safes, cabinets containers, etc.

Human barriers- persons being used in providing a guarding system or by the nature of their
employment and location, fulfill security functions.
Examples are guards, office personnel, shop workers, etc.

Animal barriers- animals are used in partially providing a guarding system.

a. Dogs are usually trained and utilized to serve as guard dogs.

- Basic Instincts of Dogs
- German shepherds are best suited for security functions.
- Hunting, attack without fear
- Pack sees the humans as a member of his pack and will protect him.

Primary Value
 Sensor mechanism 100x better than man
 Hearing 2x

Dog Senses
 Smell
 Hearing
 Sight
 Touch

Development
 Without handlers
 With handlers

b. Goose and Turkeys could also be included.

In England, an owner protects his compound, and they are not only effective
but also the cheapest to maintain.

Natural barriers- it includes bodies of water, mountains, marches ravines, deserts, or other
terrain that are difficult to traverse.
 Energy barriers- it is the employment of mechanical, electrical, and electronic energy that
imposes a deterrent to entry by the potential intruder or provides a warning to guard personnel.
These are protective lighting, alarm systems, and any electronic devices used as barriers.

THREE LINES OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE

First line of Defense- perimeter fences/ barriers

Second line of Defense- doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs grills, and other entries to the
building.
Third line of Defense – storage systems like steel cabinets, safes, vaults, and interior files

WHAT IS RESTRICTED AREA?

A restricted area is any area in which personnel or vehicles are controlled for reasons of
security. A restricted area is established to provide security for installation or facilities and to
promote the efficiency of security operations and economy in the use of security personnel.

TYPES OF RESTRICTED AREA

Exclusion Areas- is a restricted area which contains a security interest to Top Secret
importance, and which requires the highest degree of protection.

Limited Areas- a restricted area in which a lesser degree of control is required than in an
exclusion area but in which the security interest would be compromised by uncontrolled
movement. Limited Area Control includes the following:
1. Interior Area Control- this system provides for checking the actual time used by the
visitor against known time requirements for what the visitor is to accomplish.
2. Visitor Identification and Movement Control- processing and control of movements of
visitors shall be included in the PASS SYSTEM. The control of the movements of
visitors will depend on the installation. A visitor register shall be maintained to include
the name of the visitor, date of visit, and purpose of visit, which may be filed for future
reference.

Key Control- a system of controlling keys shall be advised and regulations covering the
disposal, storage, or withdrawals shall be issued and imposed.

Fire Prevention- fire is so potentially destructive without human assistance, with assistance
it can be caused to devastate those things you are attempting to secure and professionally
accomplish, often in a way that does not leave recognizable.

WHAT IS PERIMETER SECURITY?

It is the protection of the installation's inner and immediate vicinity. The main purpose of
a perimeter barrier is to deny or impede access or exit of unauthorized persons. It is the first line
of defense of an installation. This may maybe in the form of fences, buildings, walls, or even bodies
of water.

TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIERS

Fences
Walls
Bodies of water
TYPES OF FENCES

Solid Fence- constructed in such a way that visual access through the fence is denied.
Full-view fence- it is constructed in such a way that visual access is permitted through the
fence.

TYPE OF FULL-VIEW FENCE

Chain link fence

• It must be constructed of 7 feet of material excluding the top guard.
• It must be of 9 gauges or heavier.
• The mesh openings are not to be larger than 2 inches per side.
• It should be twisted and barbed selvage at the top and bottom.

• It must be securely fastened to rigid or reinforced concrete.

• It must reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving.
• On soft ground, it must reach below the surface deep enough to compensate for
shifting soil or sand.

Barbed wire fence

• Standard barbed wire is twisted, double-strand, 12-gauge wire with 4 points.
• Barbs spaces at an equal distance apart Barbed wire fencing should not be less than
7 feet high excluding the top guard.
• Barbed wire fencing must be firmly affixed to posts not more than 6 feet apart.

Concertina wire fence

• Standard concertina barbed wire is a commercially manufactured wire coil of high-
strength steel barbed wire clipped together at intervals to form a cylinder.
• Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet in diameter.

PERIMETER BARRIER OPENING

Gates and Doors - when not in use and controlled by guards, gates, and doors in the
perimeter should be locked and frequently inspected by guards. Locks should be changed from
time to time and should be covered under protective locks and key control.

Sidewalk-elevators - these provide access to areas within the perimeter barrier and should
be locked and guarded.

Utilities Opening - sewers, air intakes, exhaust tunnels, and other utility openings that have
cross-sectional areas of 96 square inches or more should be protected by bars, grills, water-filled
traps, or other structural means providing equivalent protection to that portion of the perimeter
barriers.

Clear Zones - an obstructed area or a clear zone should be maintained on both sides of the
perimeter barrier. A clear zone of 20 feet or more is desirable between the barriers and exterior
structures and natural covers that may provide concealment for assistance to a person seeking
unauthorized entry.
CLEAR ZONE

Clear zones are designated areas alongside roadways that are free from any fixed objects
or hazards. These zones are crucial for ensuring the safety of motorists and pedestrians in case of
a roadway departure or accident. Clear zones provide a buffer space that allows drivers to regain
control of their vehicles or come to a safe stop without colliding with any obstacles.

The purpose of clear zones is to minimize the severity of crashes and reduce the risk of
injury or fatality. By removing potential hazards such as trees, utility poles, signage, or other fixed
objects, clear zones create a forgiving environment that can absorb the impact of a vehicle leaving
the roadway. This helps to prevent rollovers, head-on collisions, or other catastrophic accidents
that could occur if a vehicle were to collide with a fixed object.

Clear zones are typically established based on the speed and volume of traffic on a
particular roadway. The width of the clear zone may vary depending on the road classification,
with higher-speed roads requiring wider clear zones. The goal is to provide enough space for a
vehicle to safely recover from an unintended departure from the roadway.

In addition to removing fixed objects, clear zones may also involve grading or sloping the
adjacent terrain to provide a smooth transition from the roadway. This helps to prevent vehicles
from overturning or experiencing sudden changes in direction, which can lead to loss of control.

Maintaining clear zones is essential for road safety. Regular inspections and maintenance
activities are necessary to ensure that clear zones remain free from encroachments or obstructions.
Any new development or construction near roadways must also consider the requirements for clear
zones to avoid compromising the safety of road users.

In conclusion, clear zones play a vital role in road safety by providing a buffer space that
allows drivers to safely recover from a roadway departure. By removing fixed objects and creating
forgiving environments, clear zones help to minimize the severity of crashes and reduce the risk
of injury or fatality. Regular maintenance and adherence to clear zone requirements are crucial to
ensure ongoing safety.

5 TYPES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY BARRIERS

When choosing a type of physical barrier for a piece of property, it is useful to know the
benefits of each method. Some of the security and safety barriers that Vulcan Metal Works provides
include:

Chain Link Fence

Chain link fencing provides one of the most effective and affordable methods of physical
security. A chain link fence can run around all borders of a property to protect it from animal and
human intrusion, and they are compatible with a variety of different gates. With the right aesthetic
or functional finish, chain link fencing can look amazing and be extremely weather-resistant.

Ornamental Fence
Ornamental fencing products are aesthetically pleasing and offer a high degree of security.
There are many sizes, gauges, colors, and styles of ornamental fencing available, meaning that
these fences can supply security for a variety of applications.

Bollards
An effective way to prevent vehicle access to a facility while still allowing for access to
foot traffic is through the installation of bollards. Bollards are made from heavy-duty steel and are
designed to prevent damage from vehicle incursions to a property. They are an incredibly strong
form of physical security that can be customized with a variety of different colors and covers.
Handrails
If security is not as much of a concern as safety, metal handrails are a useful type of physical
barrier. Guardrails and handrails provide barriers to separate off unsafe areas as well as support
for ramps and stairs.

Barrier Gates
When a piece of property needs to limit vehicle access, a barrier gate is an excellent type
of physical security barrier to use. Barrier gates can be unlocked and opened to allow vehicles to
enter a facility or road. When closed, it is easy for foot traffic to get past, so these are ideal for
parks, logging roads, and farms.

WHAT TO DO WITH ACTIVE ENTRANCES AND EXITS WITHIN THE ESTABLISHMENT?

When it comes to managing active entrances and exits within a facility, there are several
important considerations to keep in mind. These areas play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth
flow of people and maintaining security. Therefore, it is essential to address them effectively.

Firstly, it is vital to establish clear guidelines and protocols for the usage of these entrances
and exits. This includes defining their purpose, such as whether they are intended for employees,
visitors, or both. By clearly communicating this information, confusion, and potential security
breaches can be minimized.

Secondly, implementing appropriate signage is crucial. Well-designed signs can help direct
individuals to the correct entrance or exit, reducing congestion and improving overall efficiency.
Additionally, clear signage can enhance safety by indicating emergency exits and providing
instructions during critical situations.

Furthermore, regular maintenance and inspection of these areas are essential. Ensuring that
doors, locks, and other security features are in proper working condition is crucial for maintaining
a secure environment. Any issues should be promptly addressed to prevent potential risks or
inconveniences.

Moreover, it is important to consider the accessibility needs of all individuals. Active

entrances and exits should be designed to accommodate people with disabilities, ensuring equal
access for everyone. This may involve installing ramps, handrails, or automatic doors, depending
on the specific requirements.

Lastly, training employees in the proper use of these entrances and exits is vital. Staff
members should be aware of the established protocols, emergency procedures, and any specific
guidelines related to these areas. Regular training sessions can help reinforce this knowledge and
ensure that everyone is prepared to handle various situations effectively.

In conclusion, managing active entrances and exits within an establishment requires careful
planning and attention to detail. By establishing clear guidelines, implementing appropriate signage,
conducting regular maintenance, considering accessibility needs, and providing adequate training,
a facility can ensure the smooth operation of these areas while prioritizing security and safety.
WHAT TO DO WITH INACTIVE ENTRANCES AND EXITS WITHIN THE
ESTABLISHMENT?

Introduction: In every establishment, there are often entrances and exits that are no longer
in use. These inactive access points can pose various challenges and questions for the management.
This article aims to explore the best practices for dealing with such entrances and exits, ensuring
safety, efficiency, and aesthetics within the establishment.

1. Assessing the Situation: The first step is to conduct a thorough assessment of the inactive
entrances and exits. Determine the reasons behind their inactivity, such as changes in building
layout, security concerns, or simply a shift in customer flow. Understanding the underlying
causes will help in devising appropriate solutions.

2. Safety Measures: Inactive entrances and exits can present safety hazards if not properly
addressed. Ensure that these access points are securely locked and inaccessible to unauthorized
individuals. Implement clear signage indicating that these entrances and exits are no longer in
use, directing people to the designated active access points.

3. Utilizing Space: Instead of leaving inactive entrances and exits as wasted space, consider
repurposing them to enhance the establishment's functionality. Depending on the layout and
requirements, these areas can be transformed into storage spaces, display areas, or even
additional seating arrangements. This not only optimizes the use of space but also adds value
to the establishment.

4. Aesthetic Considerations: Inactive entrances and exits can be eyesores if left neglected.
Incorporate design elements that seamlessly blend these access points into the overall
aesthetics of the establishment. This can be achieved through creative signage, decorative
elements, or architectural modifications that maintain the establishment's visual appeal.

5. Regular Maintenance: To ensure the longevity and functionality of inactive entrances and exits,
regular maintenance is crucial. Conduct periodic inspections to identify any signs of wear and
tear, addressing them promptly. This proactive approach will prevent further deterioration and
maintain the overall integrity of the establishment.

Conclusion: In conclusion, dealing with inactive entrances and exits within an

establishment requires a strategic approach. By assessing the situation and implementing safety.

ADDITIONAL SECURITY MEASURES FOR PERIMETER BARRIERS ASIDE FROM TOP

GUARD.

Enhanced Security Measures for Perimeter Barriers Beyond Top Guards

In addition to employing top guards, it is crucial to implement supplementary security

measures for perimeter barriers. These measures are essential to bolster the overall security of the
area and ensure maximum protection against potential threats. By diversifying our security
strategies, we can create a more robust and impenetrable defense system.

To fortify our perimeter barriers, we can consider the following additional security
measures:

1. Surveillance Systems: Installing advanced surveillance cameras and sensors along the
perimeter can significantly enhance our ability to detect and monitor any suspicious activities.
These systems can provide real-time alerts, enabling prompt response to potential breaches.
 2. Intrusion Detection Systems: Implementing state-of-the-art intrusion detection systems can act
as an effective deterrent against unauthorized access. These systems utilize cutting-edge
technology to detect any attempts to breach the perimeter, triggering immediate alerts and
response protocols.

3. Perimeter Lighting: Adequate lighting around the perimeter is crucial for deterring potential
intruders. Well-placed and strategically designed lighting can minimize blind spots and create
a more secure environment, making it difficult for unauthorized individuals to approach
undetected.

4. Physical Barriers: In addition to top guards, incorporating physical barriers such as fences,
walls, or bollards can provide an extra layer of protection. These barriers can be designed to
withstand various levels of force, preventing unauthorized entry and ensuring the integrity of
the perimeter.

5. Access Control Systems: Implementing access control systems, such as key cards, biometric
scanners, or security gates, can regulate and restrict entry to authorized personnel only. These
systems not only enhance security but also provide a comprehensive record of individuals
accessing the area, aiding in investigations if necessary.

By adopting these additional security measures, we can establish a comprehensive and

robust defense system for our perimeter barriers. This multi-layered approach will not only deter
potential threats but also provide peace of mind, knowing that our assets and personnel are well-
protected.

PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

Defending the nature of the facility protective lighting will be designed either to emphasize
the illumination of the perimeter barrier and the outside approaches to it or to concentrate on the
area and the building within the perimeter.

WHAT IS PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

The idea that lighting can provide improved protection for people and facilities is as old as
civilization. Protective lighting is the single most cost-effective deterrent to crime because it
creates a psychological deterrent to intruders.

PERIMETER LIGHTING

Usually referred to as protective lighting is completely a part of the standard system in

security when fences and guards are employed.

PURPOSE OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1. To provide sufficient illumination to areas in the hours of darkness.

2. To improve the visibility of human guards for identification purposes and apprehension of
intruders.
3. It gives psychological deterrence to potential intruders.

IMPORTANCE OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1. Serve as a deterrent to violators.

2. Assisting security forces.
3. Serve as the essential elements of an integrated physical security program.
TYPES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING.

CONTINOUS LIGHTING - the most familiar type of outdoor security lighting. This is
designed to provide two specific results: glare projection or controlled lighting.

GLARE PROJECTION - it is being used in prisons and correctional institutions to

illuminate walls and outside barriers. The intensity is focused on the intruder while the observer
or guard remains in the comparative darkness.

CONTROLLED LIGHTING - it is generally employed where, due to surrounding property

owners, nearby highways, or other limitations, the light must be more precisely focused. The
lighting is focused on the pile of items, rather than the background. The width of the lighted strip
can be controlled and adjusted to suit security needs.

STANDBY LIGHTING - it is designed for reserve or standby use or to supplement a

continuous system.

MOVABLE OR PORTABLE LIGHTING - this system is manually operated and is usually

made up of movable search or floodlights that can be located in selected or special locations that
will require lighting only for a short period of time.

EMERGENCY LIGHTING - this system is used in times of power failure or other

emergencies when other systems are innovative.

TYPES OF LIGHTING USED FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES.

INCANDESCENT LAMP - is the common light bulb of the type found in the home.

GASEOUS DISCHARGE LAMPS - Gas-discharge lamps are a family of artificial light

sources that emit light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas, i.e., plasma.
Typically, such lamps are filled with a noble gas (argon, neon, krypton, and xenon) or a mixture of
these gases.

MERCURY VAPOR LAMPS - give out strong light with a bluish cast. This is widely used
for interior and exterior lighting.

SODIUM VAPOR LAMPS - give out soft yellow light.

ADVANTAGES
- more efficient than incandescent.
- widely used where fog is a problem.
- frequently found on bridges and highways.

DISADVANTAGES
- requires 2 to 5 minutes to light when cold and longer periods to light when hot.

QUARTZ LAMPS –they emit very bright white light and snap rapidly.

ADVANTAGES
- excellent for use along the perimeter and critical areas.
- frequently used at very high wattage.
TYPE OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

STREETLIGHTS - produced a diffused light rather than a directional beam. They are
widely used in parking areas. This lighting equipment received the most widespread notoriety for
its value in reducing crime.

SEARCH LIGHTS - these are highly focused incandescent lamps used to potentially
troubleshoot.

FLOODLIGHT – These lights project light in a concentrated beam. They are appropriate
for use in instances that call for illumination and boundaries, the building of fences.

AREAS TO BE LIGHTED

VEHICULAR GATE – Normally manned by guards inspecting credentials, as well as

inspecting for contraband or stolen property.

PEDESTRIAN GATE – Should be lighted about 25 feet on either side of the gate, if
possible and the range for vehicular gates should be twice that street lighting is recommended in
these applications.

THOROUGHFARE – used for pedestrians, vehicles should be lit to .01 foot candles for
security purposes.

PARKING AREA – this area can be a hiding place and is vulnerable to pilferers and car
thieves.

SENSITIVE AREA – this includes vital buildings, storage depots, and vulnerable control
points in communication, power light, and water distribution systems.

PERIMETER LIGHTING – wall lighted

SECURITY LIGHTING TECHNIQUES

Perimeter Lighting
Checkpoint Lighting
Area Lighting
Floodlighting
Topping-Up

LIGHTING MAINTENANCE

Periodic checks should be made on all electrical circuits. Luminaries should be cleaned,
and replacements should be made as soon as possible. When 80% of their life is used in sensitive
areas replacement should be made and the bulbs should be used in less sensitive locations to do
this strict recording is necessary

Using protective lighting is a practical, cost-effective way to add a layer of security to your
overall security strategy.
THE BASICS OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

Protective lighting, or security lighting systems, generally go by the same name. Certain
types, like emergency lighting and moveable lighting, may be used in very specific cases. But they
all have a common goal of keeping your facility secure.

When you are choosing protective lighting for your facility, realize that lighting is highly
dependent on the scenario.

The protective lighting strategy you choose will indeed depend on your operations,
location, and unique threats. However, there are some basic principles of protective lighting to keep
in mind.

KEY PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

- Make it easier for security to observe the site Make it difficult for security to be seen.
- Protective lighting requires less intensity than working light.
- Consider whether the background you need to illuminate is dark or light. Use contrast to
make intruders stand out.
- Light perimeters and boundaries Light structures and internal areas.
- Combine lighting strategies with alarm systems and protective services Ensure the failure
of one light won’t result in system failure.

SUPPLEMENTING YOUR PROTECTIVE LIGHTING STRATEGIES

It’s important to remember that protective lighting alone, while effective, is not a complete
solution. Whether you’re managing, planning, or updating a protective lighting system, consider:

- One-size-fits-all never works.

- You may not need lighting where certain alarm systems are already in place.
- Complexity does not equal better security.
- Protective lighting is not enough on its own.

IMPLEMENT ALARM SYSTEMS

From access control alarm systems to temperature detection alarm systems, the innovations
in alarm systems make it so there is an alarm to fit every need. You can choose on-site alarms only
or add alarm systems that alert your local law enforcement for backup.

HIRE SECURITY GUARDS

Whether you need short-term service or a long-term strategy, you should consider security
guards as part of your security strategy. While professional security officers are often considered
cost-prohibitive, such is not always the case. You can now hire off-duty and prior-police security-
armed or unarmed for a very cost-effective price from a local security company.

INTRUSION DETECTION MANAGEMENT (PROTECTIVE ALARMS)

USE VIDEO SURVEILLANCE

Few operations go without surveillance cameras these days. And for good reason – video
cameras deter crime, and footage from cameras helps you catch illegal activity. Many rely on
passive surveillance, though. When you’re not on-site, you need active surveillance.
 For large, remote, or harsh facilities like warehouses, scrap yards, and utility sites, consider
remote video security surveillance. Also, a cost-effective addition to your current security efforts,
remote monitoring delivers a host of benefits:

- With mobile surveillance camera units provide a 360-degree view.

- Mobile surveillance trailers are built to deploy instantly and withstand harsh conditions.
- Remote security professionals provide real-time response with eyes on-site.
- Stored footage protects you against legal or insurance liabilities.

INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IDS)

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a monitoring system that detects suspicious

activities and generates alerts when they are detected. Based upon these alerts, a security operations
center (SOC) analyst or incident responder can investigate the issue and take the appropriate
actions to remediate the threat.

In buying for a household alarm process to work the control panel, signaling device, and
detectors are all connected with each other. Some of these common parts are related to each other
by way of the use of such techniques as infrared indicators or radio frequencies.

3 KEY BENEFITS OF MODERN IDS APPLICATION

SPEEDY DETECTION

When it comes to site security, speed is of the essence, and this is where PIDs come into
their own. This type of system will give you an early warning of suspicious activity on the
periphery of your site or business premises. Whether someone is trying to scale the fence or testing
its level of resistance before breaching it, you will enjoy the added benefit of knowing where this
is happening, giving you more time to calculate your response. If the site is extensive, a perimeter
intrusion detection system will help to cover those areas that may be considered vulnerable to
attack even if you have security staff on site.

IT WILL COMPLEMENT YOUR EXISTING SECURITY FENCING

If you select the correct perimeter intrusion detection system, you will not need to invest
more money in updating your existing perimeter fencing. This is due to the modern technology
employed in PIDs that enables them to fit into existing fencing with no problems at all. Installed
correctly, a PID system can sense movement or vibration and will instantly alert your security
personnel, who can then rapidly investigate suspicious activity.

PIDS ARE DISCREET

With a perimeter intrusion detection system, there is no need for a sign to be placed
informing people of its presence, unlike with electrified fencing or CCTV systems. They provide
timely warnings without notifying us.
KINDS OF ALARM

WIRED ALARM SYSTEMS

A wired alarm system is a security system that is connected to a landline in your building.
Every single component of the system needs to be hard-wired for the system to work. This provides
a consistent and uninterrupted connection. Wired systems are generally very reliable, and they
don’t require high-speed internet or fresh batteries to work. They work well in large areas where
the system may be spread out over a large distance. With hard wiring, you don’t need to worry
about the distance any sensors are from a control panel.

One downside to a wired alarm system is that if the wires are damaged or cut, the system
will no longer work. They will also fail to work if your building loses power. Additionally, wired
systems can be difficult and expensive to install because you’ll need to run wires throughout your
building.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

A fire alarm system should be installed in every occupied building. They can range from
simple systems with only smoke detectors to elaborate systems with pull stations, control centers,
and sprinklers.

In all cases, a fire alarm system will alert occupants of the threat. In many cases, the system
can also alert the fire department and other appropriate authorities of the fire. Unlike security
systems, fire alarm systems are mandated by local codes and laws. As such, be sure to follow the
rules when choosing and installing a fire alarm system. While you still have a choice in what type
of system you install, you need to make sure your system is meeting minimum basic requirements.

WIRELESS ALARM SYSTEMS

A wireless alarm system is a security system that is not connected to a landline in your
building, rather it works by using radio frequencies. Wireless systems use sensors that can trigger
an alarm if they are tripped. The sensors use radio frequency to send a signal to the control panel
of the system if an alarm needs to go off.

One of the main advantages of wireless alarm systems and one of the reasons they are so
popular today is that you can easily connect to your wireless system remotely. Of course, you’ll
need to regularly replace batteries in a wireless system, and it’s important to make sure you
maintain a strong signal. To keep a strong signal, you cannot exceed the maximum distance
between the sensors and the control panel. This can be a problem in larger buildings, so often
wireless systems are better for smaller properties.

UNMONITORED ALARM SYSTEMS

An unmonitored alarm system is not monitored by anybody remotely or in a control center.

Additionally, they do not alert authorities of the alarm. Rather, an unmonitored system sounds a
local alarm when needed, and it relies on people in the vicinity being able to hear the alarm. Types
of alarms in an unmonitored system can include beeps, buzzers, lights, and voice alarms.

Unmonitored systems are typically cheaper than monitored systems, but they don’t provide
the same level of security you’ll get with a system that is monitored 24/7. In some cases, an
unmonitored system can send an alert to an app on your phone if the alarm is tripped. Then, you
can alert any proper authorities or respond to the alarm yourself. This is a nice feature, but it relies
on you constantly keeping tabs on your property. Because an unmonitored alarm system is not
quite as secure as a monitored system, it’s not always the best choice.
 However, it is cheaper than a monitored system because you don’t need to pay a monthly
fee for monitoring, so if you’re on a tight budget, it is a viable option.

MONITORED ALARM SYSTEMS

A monitored alarm system is monitored by a security team. If the alarm is tripped, they are
immediately alerted and begin taking action. Monitored systems also alert you if the alarm is
tripped. When the monitoring center is notified of an alarm, they typically get in contact with you
and alert the proper authorities. They can see what type of alarm was triggered and get first
responders there quickly, be it firefighters, police, or medical personnel.

Monitored systems can give you peace of mind that even when you are away, your building
will be taken care of in the event an alarm is triggered. Monitored systems tend to be pricier
because you are paying for that team to be constantly monitoring your property.
Usually, you’ll pay a monthly fee to continue your monitoring service.

TYPES OF ALARM DETECTION SYSTEMS

- Motion Detectors
- Heat Sensors
- Door Sensor
- Fire Detector
- Infrared Sensor