Cardiac Muscle

 Found in only one place in the body – the heart, where it forms the bulk of the heart walls.
 Important key words for this muscle type are:
o Cardiac
o Striated
o Involuntary
 Cardiac Cells are cushioned by small amount of endomysium and are arranged in spiral.
 The “in-house” pacemaker

(a) Diagrammatic view of a cross section of the intestine. (b) Longitudinal view of the heart showing
the spiral arrangement of the cardiac muscle cells in its walls.

MUSCLE FUNCTIONS

 Maintains posture and body position, stabilizes joints, and generates beat.

Produce Movement

 Enable us to respond quickly to changes in the external environment.

 Allow us to express our emotions with the silent language of smiles and frowns.

Maintain Posture and Body Position

 Function almost continuously

Stabilized Joints

 Pull on bones to cause movements.

Generate Heat

 Generate body heat as a by-product.

 Is vital in maintaining normal body temperature.

Additional Functions
 Smooth muscles form valves that regulate the passage of substances through internal body
openings, dilate and constrict the pupils of our eyes and make up the arrector pili muscles that
cause our hairs to stand on end.
 They enclose and protect fragile internal organs.

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

• Each of Skeletal muscles is made up of number of muscles bundles or fascicles

• Each muscle bundle consists of several muscle fibers

• Each muscle fiber is lined by the plasma membrane and many nuclei can be seen just beneath
the plasma membrane called SARCOLEMMA

 Thick filaments are made mostly of bundled molecules of the protein myosin.
 Myosis heads form cross bridges when they link the thick and thin filaments together during
contractions.
IKA DUHA NIMO NGA TOPIC

Muscles Causing Movement at the Elbow Joint

 All anterior muscles of the humerus cause elbow flexion.

Biceps Brachii

 Is the most familiar muscle of the arm. It originates by two heads from the shoulder girdle and
inserts into the radial tuberosity.

Brachialis

 Lies deep to the biceps brachii.

 Lifts the ulna as the biceps lifts the radius.

Brachioradialis

 Is a fairly weak muscle that arises on the humerus.

Triceps Brachii

 Is the only muscle fleshing out the posterior humerus.

 The powerful prime mover of elbow extension, it is the antagonist of the biceps brachii and
brachialis.