CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020

NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK

1 torque T Fd Nm F force; d
distance/length/radius for circle,
round or wheel , not diameter.

2 torque on a T F F r Nm F1 tension on tight side; F2

pulley or tension on slack side; FA total
Pulley A Pulley A
drum forces on pulley A; r radius of the
pulley or pitch radius approx.
from center of the pulley to the
neutral axis of the belt
F1 F2 FA
Remark: tight side is greater value
than slack side

3 angular 2πN rad/s N angular speed in rpm

ω
velocity 60

4 angular speed V rev/sec V linear velocity; L lead

N
L
OR

rps

5 power P Tω W T torque; ω angular velocity

6 area of shaft π d m2 d nominal @ major diameter

A
4
P
7 stress σ Pa P load; A area
A

P
8 shear stress τ Pa P load; A area
A

d d
9 General d m douter outer diameter; dinner
2
formula – inner diameter
mean
diameter

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 CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020

NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK

r r
10 General r m router outer diameter; rinner
2
formula – inner diameter
mean radius

11 Resultant F F F N Fx reaction forces in x-axis; Fy

force or load reaction forces in y-axis
also known as P or V

12 trigonometry n/a n/a

B
opposite
a

A C
b
adjacent

a opposite
sin A
c hypotenuse

b adjacent
cos A
c hypotenuse

a opposite
tan A
b adjacent

c a b →c a b

13 interpolation n/a n/a

e 0.42 0.432 0.42

0.44 0.42 0.56 0.42

OR

0.44 e 0.56 0.432

0.44 0.42 0.56 0.42

old value new value

14 percentage of % reduction 100 % n/a
old value
reduction

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 CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020

NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK

15 centroid A x m Ai area of bolts; x or y jarak

X
A rujukan bolt yang kita pilih
A y
Y Remark: Ai kalau all rivets sama
A
size tambahkan semua je, but if
diameter rivets tak sama, so kena
kira satu2 area dia.
Mc
16 bending σ Pa I moment of inertia
I
stress
c distance from the line x' to the
centroid or NA or x-x axis

M twisting moment / bending

moment
Tc
17 maximum τ Pa T torque applied; c radius of
J
shear stress cross-section; J polar moment of
Note: safety factor, n is applied to τmax to
torsion inertia or second moment of
formula determine the allowable shear stress; inertia; Sys shear yield stress or
S yield strength in shear; Sus
τ
n ultimate shear strength
OR

S
τ
n

Remark: the maximum usable value of τmax

without failure is Sys or Sus

τ
18 maximum γ - τmax maximum shear stress; G
G
shear strain modulus elasticity in shear; c
Note: for small deformations, by taking tan
radius of cross-section; ϕ angle
γmax γmax, we also write,
of twist of prismatic bars or shaft; L
cϕ length of shaft
γ
L

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 CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020

NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK

Remark: this formula can use for solid or

19 angle of twist rad T torque applied; L length of
hollow shaft
of prismatic shaft; G modulus elasticity in
bars or shaft TL shear; J polar moment of inertia
ϕ
GJ or second moment of inertia
Note: GJ is called torsional rigidity of the shaft

solid circular shaft cross-section

20 polar moment m4 D diameter shaft; r radius
of inertia or πD π shaft; Do outer diameter of shaft;
J or r
second 32 2 Di inner diameter of shaft; ro
moment of hollow circular shaft cross-section outer radius of shaft; ri inner
inertia radius of shaft
π D D π r r
J or
32 2

bh
21 Moment of I m4 h height of the plate
12
Inertia –
b width of the plate
OR
rectangle
t thickness of the plate
th
I
12

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 CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020

NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK

πr
22 Moment of I m4 r radius of the circle
4
Inertia –
circle

Convert degree ° to radian rad ;

23 convert – ° n/a
degree to Example:
radian 180°
0.167 rad 9.59°
π rad

Convert radian rad to degree ° ;

24 convert – rad n/a
radian to Example:
degree π rad
9.59° 0.167 rad
180°

convert angular velocity rad/s to linear

25 convert – m/s ω angular velocity unit: rad/s ;
velocity m/s ;
angular r circle or radius of pulley driver
velocity to V ωr unit: m
linear velocity

we consider: 1 hp 745.7 W
26 convert – hp W n/a
to watt Example for 16 hp:

745.7 W
16 hp 11.931 kW
1 hp

Convert mass Pmass to weight Pload ;

27 convert – N Pmass unit kg; Pload unit N
mass to Pload Pmass x 9.81 m/s2
weight

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 CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020

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convert N/mm2 to N/m2

28 convert – Pa n/a
pressure or
OR
stress in
N/m2
N/mm2 to
N/m2