SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (2046)

GRADE 10 NOTES

PREPARED BY NJOBVU DK MED

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 CONTENTS

UNIT PAGE
1. Birth and infancy of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ:……………....……………….3

2. Ministry and Death of John the Baptist:……………………………………..……………….8

3. Baptism:…………………………………………………………………………………………………12

4. Temptation:……………………………………………………………………………………………15

5. Jesus‟ Power Over Diseases and Nature:……………………………………………….....20

6. Jesus‟ Power over Evil Spirits:…………………………………………………………………..23

7. The Kingdom of God:………………………………………………………………………………28

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BIRTH AND INFANCY OF JOHN THE BAPTIST AND JESUS CHRIST
1) ZAMBIAN BIRTH TRADITIONS
A. Traditions and Customs about Birth
 Naming of the baby.
 Protection of the baby.
B. Traditions and customs on naming of the baby
 The choice of the name can either be made before or after the baby is born.
 The baby is given the name after the umbilical cord has fallen off.
 The baby may be named after the living relatives or ancestors.
 The baby may be named according to the circumstances at birth.
C. Traditions and customs on protection of a baby
 Both husband and wife are not allowed to have sex for a long period of time.
 Both mother and baby are secluded for a long period of time.
 Roots, charms and other tradition medicines are used to protect the baby from
diseases and witchcraft.
 Sacrifices of beer, food and prayers are offered to the ancestral spirits.
D. Birth in a Zambian Home
 The birth of a baby in a Zambian home calls for a joyful celebration.
 The new baby is a unifying factor between the two families.
 Friends and relative bring gifts to a baby or mother.
E. The Value of Birth Traditions and Customs
 Appreciation of new life.
 Identity of the child.
 Continuity of life.
 Usefulness of the child to community.
F. How people show appreciation of new life in a Zambian Home
 The family calls for a joyful cerebration.
 Friends and relatives bring gifts to a baby or both.
G. The teaching of Christianity and Z. T. R with regard to Zambian birth
traditions and customs.
Similarities
 Both hold a special celebration to appreciate the new life.
 Both have a naming ceremony.
 Both select the name of the baby from the family line or according to birth
situations.
 Both select the name of the baby before or after the baby is born.
 Both give gifts to the baby and mother.
Differences
 Christianity: Prayers are offered to God by church elders to dedicate the child.
 Z. T. R: Use roots and charms to protect the child from diseases and witchcraft.
 Christianity: Any form of sacrifice to the ancestral spirits is not tolerated.
 Z. T. R: Sacrifices of beer or food and prayers are offered to the ancestral spirits
to show gratitude and thanksgiving for the new life.

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  Christianity: Relatives and friends are free to visit the baby and mother soon
after birth.
 Z. T. R: There is seclusion of both the mother and the baby for a period of time
to protect the child from diseases and evil spirits.
H. The teaching of Christianity and Z. T. R with regard to their religious duty
and family loyalty:
Similarities
 Both are loyal to their parents.
 Both are loyal to their religions.
 Both are loyal their religious beliefs.
Differences
 Christianity: Loyalty to God comes first.
 Z.T.R: Loyalty to parents comes first.
 Christianity: It is essential to obey God‟s word, the Bible.
 Z. T. R: It is essential to obey parents.
I. The teaching of Christianity and Islam with regard to their religious duty
and family loyalty:
Similarity
 Both are loyal and respect their parents.
 Both are loyal to their religions.
Difference
 Christianity: Teaches that what God has joined together let no man separate.
 Islam: Gives the right to divorce when married life becomes a misery.
J. The teaching of Christianity and Hinduism with regard to their religious
duty and family loyalty:
Similarities
 Both give first priority to their faith than family.
 Both are loyal to their religions.
 Both are loyal and respect their parents.
Differences
 Christians: Does not compromise worship of different gods within the family.
 Hindus: Accept worship of different gods within the family.
2) THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST
The birth of John was special and important in that:
 His parents were advanced in years beyond child bearing.
 John‟s birth was an answer to Zachariah‟s prayer.
 John‟s birth was foretold and named before he was born.
 John‟s birth removed the shame that goes with childlessness.
 Zachariah and Elizabeth were descended from priestly families.
A. John was brought up as a Nazirite. Who is a Nazirite?
 A separated one (Numbers 6:1-8).
B. The rules applied to Nazirite:
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  They were to abstain from drinking alcohol.
 They were to avoid cutting their hair.
 They were to avoid touching any dead body.
C. When was the Naming of a Jewish male child done?
 A Jewish male child was circumcised and then named eight days after birth.
 Circumcision was a physical sign of the covenant given to Abraham by God.
 It was an assurance to all Jews of the promise of the messiah.
References: Genesis 17:9-14
D. The purpose of John’s Life and Ministry
The angel told Zachariah four reasons for John‟s life and these are:
 He would be a spiritual Elijah.
 He would be a forerunner of the messiah.
 He would be a healer of the discord.
 He would prepare the nation of Israel for the coming messiah.
E. The coming of John the Baptist fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of
Isaiah 40:3; Malachi 3:1-12 in that:
 He was a spiritual Elijah.
 He was a forerunner of the messiah.
 He was a healer of the discord.
 He prepared the nation of Israel for the coming of the Messiah.

3) THE BIRTH OF JESUS

A. The Announcement to Mary (Luke 1:26-38).
 God sent the angel Gabriel to announce to Mary that she will bear a son.
 The angel instructed her to call his Jesus meaning „Son of the Most High.‟
 The birth of Jesus would be miraculous because Mary was a virgin.
 The Holy Spirit would cause her to conceive.
 Mary accepted her God given favour to carry out God‟s purpose.
The titles given to Jesus and the purpose of his coming:
TITLE THE PURPOSE OF HIS COMING
Jesus Savior of people from their sins
Messiah or Christ The anointed one- to anoint his people in his spiritual
kingdom
Son of David Born from King David‟s ancestry
Son of the Most High The Son of God and God the Son.

B. The Announcement to Joseph (Matthew 1:18-25)

When Joseph discovered that Mary was pregnant, he decided to:
 Divorce her quietly.
 Summon her to a court of law where she could be tried.
 Divorce privately and give her a certificate of divorce.
C. The Purpose of the Messiah
The purpose of the Messianic Kingdom which was made clear to Joseph, namely:
 Not conquest, but salvation.

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  Not an earthly monarch, but a spiritual one.
 Not deliverance from the Romans, but from sin.
D. Give an account of the following New Testament stories of the Messiah:
 Mary‟s visit to Elizabeth (Luke 1:39-45).
 The birth of Jesus at Bethlehem (Luke 2:1-7).
 The announcement to the shepherds (Luke 2:8-20).
 The visit of the wise men and flight to Egypt (Matthew 2:1-23).
E. The wise men were the first Gentiles to worship Jesus and they brought
the following gifts:
 Gold: To show Jesus‟ Kingship.
 Frankincense: To represent His deity (Godhood).
 Myrrh: To represent His coming suffering and death.
F. The Fulfillment of the Old Testament Prophesies about the Birth of Jesus
The table shows the prophecies and they were fulfilled:
O.T PROPHECY FULFILMENT IN THE N.T
 He would be born of David‟s  He was born from the line David.
family Isaiah 9: 6-11:1-3. Matthew 1:1, 6, 16-17, 20-21.
 He would be born of a virgin  He was born of the virgin Mary.
Isaiah 7:14 Matt. 1:23
 He would be born in  He was born in Bethlehem. Luke
Bethlehem. Micah 5:2 2:1-7
 He would live in Egypt Hosea  He lived in Egypt. Matthew 2:15
11:1
 He would live in Nazareth  He then lived in Nazareth. Matthew
Isaiah 11:1 2:23

4) INCIDENTS FROM JESUS’ CHILDHOOD

 Jesus in the temple as a baby (Luke 2:21-39)
 Jesus was taken to the Temple when he was eight days old.
 Jewish parents carried out three ceremonies and these were:
1. Circumcision of a baby.
2. Dedication of a baby.
3. Purification of the mother to a baby.
A. Circumcision
 This was the first ceremony.
 It took place when the child was eight days old.
 On that same day, a Jewish boy was circumcised and given a name.
 It was an outward sign of the covenant or agreement God had made with the
Jews.
 Anyone not circumcised could neither share the hopes of the nation nor worship
God.
References: Genesis 17:9-14; Leviticus 12:13.
B. Dedication

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  The second ceremony to be performed was the dedication of a baby to God in
the Temple.
 This practice was to be performed for every first-born male Jewish child.
 It took place when a baby was one month old.
 A baby was then bought back by the payment of five shekels.
References: Exodus 13:2; Numbers 18:15-16 and Luke 2:22.
C. Purification
 The third ceremony to be conducted was the purification of the mother.
 This took place forty days after the birth of a male Jewish child.
 This was to be conducted in the Temple by offering a lamb for a burnt offering
and a bird for a sin offering (Leviticus 12:1-8).
 In the case were parents were poor, a second bird could be substituted for lamb.
 The offering of two birds signified the poverty of Joseph and Mary.
D. Jesus at Twelve Years Old (Luke 2:41-42).
According to Jewish tradition, the following happened to a Jewish boy:
 At the age of three: A boy would wear fringed garments and be educated by
his mother.
 At the age of five: He would begin to learn the law taught by his father.
 At twelfth year: He would receive instructions in the various religious
observations at the Temple.
 At the thirteen year: He would be brought to the synagogue and presented
with phylacteries to be worn when he recited his daily prayers.
5) HOW GOD DIRECTS HUMAN LIVES, AND HOW CHRISTIANS CAN IDENTIFY
AND RESPOND TO GOD’S DIRECTION
A. Biblical Examples of People Directed by God.
Reasons why God directed Zechariah and Elizabeth, and Joseph and Mary.
 The way of life pleased God.
 They were expecting the Messiah.
 They were willing and available to fulfill God‟s purposes.
 They were instructed in a supernatural way to use their natural desires.
B. Ways in which Christians can identify God’s direction in their lives today:
 His word, the Bible.
 Circumstances in their live.
 The advice of their friends.
 The inner inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
 Making themselves available to God.
C. How Christians should respond to God’s Direction.:
 Surrendering daily to God.
 Making themselves available to God.
 Accepting obedience to God.
 Accepting His guidance.
6) COMPARISONS ON HOW GOD DIRECTS HUMAN LIVES IN CHRISTIANITY
AND THOSE OF OTHER RELIGIONS

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A. Christianity and Islam with regard to how God directs human lives:
Similarities
 Both use the Holy Scriptures as a basis for guidance.
 Both believe that God ordains every phase of human life.
 Both believe that everything that happens is God‟s will.
Differences
 Christianity: God does not only use the Bible as a basis for guidance.
 Islam: The Quran is the only basis for guidance.
 Christianity: God‟s messages dictated to the angel Gabriel through inspired
writers are record in the Bible.
 Islam: God‟s messages dictated through the angel Gabriel to Muhammed are
recorded in the Quran.
B. Christianity and Hinduism with regard to how God directs human lives:
Similarities
 Both believe that strict conduct should be followed all the time.
 Both believe that God directs them through the Holy Scriptures.
Differences
 Christianity: God directs people through the Bible.
 Hinduism: God directs people through the Vedas.
 Christianity: God directs through surrendering daily to Him.
 Hinduism: God directs through life cycle rites which includes birth, marriage
and death.

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MINISTRY AND DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST
1. SPEAKING AGAINST SIN AND EVIL
A. What is sin?
 It is failing to reach God‟s required standard or rebellion to God.
B. Define the word “evil”
 It is something bad or wrong that can be done to a person.
 it is something not acceptable by both God and man.
C. The consequences of sin and evil
 Breaks the fellowship between God and man.
 Breaks relationship between other men.
 Leads to both spiritual and physical death.
D. Some of the common evils in the world today
 Bribery.
 Exploitation.
 Corruption.
 Prostitution.
 Discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, culture, or race.
E. Some of the Organizations which fight sin and evil in Zambia
 Religious organization.
 United Nation Human Rights Commission.
 NGO‟s
 The aim of the above organisations is to:
- Promote peace and justice in the nation.
2. THE MESSAGE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST (LUKE 3:1-20; MAT 3:1-12).
John the Baptist was one of the people who denounced sin in the Bible and
preached the following messages:
 Prepare the way for the Lord and make his paths straight.
 He said to the religious leaders: “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee
from the wrath to come?”
 He said to the Tax Collectors: “Collect not more than is appointed for you.”
 He said to the soldiers: “Rob none by violence or false accusation and be
content with your wages.”
 He said to the crowds: “I am baptizing you with water but he who is mightier
than me is coming to baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.”
 He also rebuked Herod, the Tetrarch, for marrying Herodias, his brother Philip‟s
wife.”
The Summary of John the Baptist’s message:
 Repentance
 Baptism
 Obedience

3. RIGHT BEHAVIOR IN ZAMBIA TODAY

A. What is right behavior?

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  It is being able to follow the accepted moral standards in society.
 Christians believe that right behavior is doing what God expects of us.
B. Right behavior could be applied in Zambia to the following groups of
people:
 People in Authority.
 Ordinary People in Secular Work.
 Religious and Church Leaders.
1. People in Authority
a) Examples of people in authority:
 Government officials
 Politicians
 Police officers
 The Army
b) How these people could portray right behavior in their work
 Not taking advantage of their positions.
 Working honestly to benefit others.
 Not accepting bribes.
2. Ordinary People in Secular Work
a) Examples of ordinary people in secular work:
 Civil servants
 Teachers
 nurses
b) How these people could portray right behavior
 Working hard.
 Being honest and truthful.
 Not wasting your employer‟s time.
3. Religious and Church Leaders
a) Examples of religious and church leaders
 Pastors
 Priests
 Elders
 Deacons and deaconesses.
b) How these people could portray right behavior
 Living by examples.
 Being upright.
 Having a good reputation.

4. THE WORK OF JOHN THE BAPTIST, AND THE WORK OF JESUS

The chart below shows the work of John and Jesus:
THE WORK OF JOHN THE WORK OF JESUS
 Challenged people to repent,  Challenged people to repent, Mat.
Mat.1:13 4:17
 Baptized people with water,  Baptized people with the Holy

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 Mat. 3:6
 He encouraged people to bear
the fruit of true repentance,
Mat. 3:7-9
 He warned people against
God‟s judgment, Mat. 3:12
Spirit, Mk. 1:8
 He forgave people‟s sins, Mk. 2:5-
11
 He healed the sick, Mat. 4:23
 He cast out demons, Mat. 8:30-32
 He warned people of the coming
judgment, Mat. 12:38-41

5. RESPONSE TO RELIGIOUS AND MORAL MESSAGE IN ZAMBIA TODAY

A. What are morals?
 They are acceptable pattern of behavior in a given society.
B. Morals and religious messages are received with mixed feelings or
reactions
 Repent and change their behavior for the better.
 Turn their deaf ear and continue with their old way of life.
 Mock at those who teach moral or religious values.
 Criticize the message.
6. THE IMPRISONED AND DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST
 He challenged Herod‟s immoral behavior.
 Herodias hated John for interference and wanted him killed.
 Herodias daughter danced so well and pleased Herod and his guests and as a
result she went to ask for the head of John the Baptist whom they late
beheaded.
7. OTHER PEOPLE WHO SUFFERED FOR THEIR BELIEF
 Martin Luther King.
 Mahatma Gandhi.
 Nelson Mandela.
 Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula and Kenneth David
Kaunda.
 Ugandan Martyrs.
8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE WORK OF JOHN THE BAPTIST AND JESUS
Similarities
 Both challenged people to repent.
 Both baptized people.
 Both warned people.
Differences
 John the Baptist: Baptized people with water.
 Jesus Christ: Baptized people with the Holy Spirit and fire.
 John the Baptist: He encouraged people to bear fruit of true repentance.
 Jesus Christ: He forgave people‟s sins, healed the sick and cast out demons.
9. JOHN’S MESSAGE COMPARED WITH THOSE OF OTHER RELIGION IN
ZAMBIA.
A. The teachings of Christianity and Islam with regard to their main

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 message:
Similarities
 Both regard prayer as very important.
 Both teach that there is only one God.
 Both declare their belief to God.
Differences
 Christianity: It is not mandatory to go to the holy land.
 Islam: Pilgrimage to Mecca is a must in one‟s life time.
 Christianity: Fast at any time in year.
 Islam: Fasting is done during the month of Ramadan.
B. The teachings of Christianity and Hinduism with regard to their message:
Similarities
 Both believe God is supreme and creator of the universe.
 Both believe prayer is very important.
 Both believe in non-violence or tolerance.
 Both believe that the soul does not die after death.
Differences
 Christianity: Believe in the resurrection
 Hinduism: Believe in re-incarnation
 Christianity: Believe in faith and obedience to God.
 Hinduism: Believe that performance of deeds is essential
 Christianity: Repentance leads to new life.
 Hinduism: Performance of good deeds (karma) leads to good life.
 Christianity: At death the soul goes to be with the Lord.
 Hinduism: At death the soul can take another form and come back to earth
as another being
C. The teachings of Christianity and Z. T. R with regard to their main
message:
Similarities
 Both teach about good virtues or morals in the society.
 Both consider God to be supreme.
 Both believe that troubles follow those who disobey their religious beliefs.
Differences
 Christianity: Jesus Christ is the mediator.
 Z. T. R: Ancestral spirits are the mediators.
 Christianity: Meet their God in churches.
 Z. T. R: Meet their God in shrines.
 Christianity: Considers God to be supreme and is knowable
 Z. T. R: Considers God to be supreme but is unknowable

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 BAPTISM
1. ZAMBIAN INITIATION PRACTICES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
A. What is initiation or rite of passage?
 It is the movement from one status to another (from childhood to adulthood).
B. Puberty and marriage initiation rites
1. Initiation for girls
 They were secluded for about three months.
 It is during seclusion period that they are instructed on the rules of hygiene.
 They are instructed on how to look after a husband and the family.
 Marriage often follows after the period of seclusion.
2. Initiation for Boys
 The common puberty rite for boys is circumcision, practiced by only a few tribal
groups in Zambia.
 They are also taught on how to take a good of their family.
3. Significance of Initiation for Boys and Girls
 They are a mark of becoming an adult.
 They prepare them for their adulthood roles.
 Girls are prepared to be responsible wives and mothers.
 Boys are trained to be responsible husbands and fathers.
 They are trained in skills, discipline, good morals, and right attitudes to help
them fulfill their respective roles in life.
 They make them to become responsible members of the community.
2. MEANING AND PROCEDURES OF CHRISTIAN BAPTISM
 The word “baptize” comes from the Greek word “baptizo” which means to “dip”,
“immerse” or “submerge” or “plunge” into a liquid (Acts 8:38-39; John 3:23).
 Baptism was closely linked with believing in Jesus.
 Baptism is an outward symbol of an inward change.
A. Procedures of Baptism
The New Testament water baptism sets the pattern for Christian practice today:
 Who should be baptized?
 When should a person be baptized?
 How should a person be baptized?
B. Who should be baptized?
 Those who have repented and confessed their sins.
 Those who are willing to live a life of obedience to Christ. For example:
1. The 3000 Jews on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2:37-38).
2. The Samaritans and Saul of Tarsus (Acts 8:12; 9:18).
C. When should a person be baptized?
 When one has repented.
 When one confessed his or her sins. For example:

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 1. Ethiopian Eunuch was baptized immediately he expressed his faith in Jesus
(Acts 8:35-38).
2. The Roman army officer and his family were baptized after they believed in
Jesus (Acts 10:44-48).
3. The Roman Jailer together with his family and friends were baptized same
night they believed (Acts 16: 28-34).
D. How should a person be baptized?
 The New Testament method of baptism was by dipping the person in water. For
example:
1. The baptism of Jesus (Matthew 3:16).
2. The baptism of the Ethiopian Eunuch (Acts 8:38-39).
3. TEACHINGS ON BAPTISM IN DIFFERENT CHRISTIAN CHURCHES TODAY
A. Some churches carried out Infant Baptism for several reasons:
 It is a mark of initiating the child in the parents‟ church.
 To wash away the original sin to enable the child to enter the Kingdom of God.
 So that the child grows up to fear God.
 To impart eternal life to the child.
 As a way of saving the child.
B. Methods of Baptism
 Immersion: This is where people are dipped in water and it is the original
meaning of Baptism and accepted method in the New Testament.
 Pouring: Water is poured from a vessel onto the head of the person being
baptized. This practiced is possibly an interpretation of Old Testament anointing
in which a priest or King was anointed with oil (1 Samuel 10:1).
 Sprinkling: This may also be a carryover from the O.T practice of sprinkling
with blood on those who suffered from leprosy or ritual related to circumcision.
4. JESUS’ BAPTISM AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
A. Three things happened as Jesus came up out of the water:
 The heavens were opened to Him.
 The spirit of God descended on Him in the form of a dove.
 The voice of God was heard, proclaiming Jesus as a Messiah (Psalm 2:7; Isaiah
42:1).
B. The significance of Jesus’ Baptism.
 To confirm to the Israelites that He was the expected Messiah (Matt. 3:17; John
1:29).
 To identify Himself completely with the people He came to save through His
suffering and death (Isaiah 52:13-53:12).
 The holy spirit came upon Jesus as an open sign that He was committed to carry
out God‟s purpose to win people for his Kingdom (Matthew 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-
11 and Luke 3:21-22).

5. NEW TESTAMENT BAPTISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE TODAY

A. New Testament Baptism and Its Continued Importance
 It is an outward physical symbol of inward spiritual change.
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  It means identification with Christ in his death and resurrection (Ro 6:4- 13).
 It shows a person‟s complete obedience to the command of Christ (Matthew
28:19).
 Through baptism people become members of the body of Christ.
 For a Jew, being baptized in Jesus‟ name meant giving up Judaism with all its
political rights and privileges (Acts 9:1-19; Romans 11:22-29).
B. Conditions for baptism:
 Repentance of sin.
 Profession of faith in Jesus.
 Obedience to Christ‟s teaching.
6. CIRCUMCISION IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
A. Old Testament Circumcision (Genesis 17:10-14; Joshua 5:1-12; Romans
2:4)
 It marked admission to adult status.
 It was a command from God to Abraham.
B. Significance of Circumcision
 Sign of the Covenant: It was a sign of the agreement between God and
Abraham and his descendants.
 Mark of Ownership: It was mark that reminded a Jewish man that he
belonged to God.
 Guarantee or certificate of inheritance: Obedience guaranteed the people
of Israel to share in the promises made to Abraham and the hope of salvation
which would come to his seed (Romans 4:13).
 A shadow of the New Birth: It was a physical rite which was a type of the
new birth- a spiritual change of heart.
7. CHRISTIAN BAPTISM COMPARED WITH ADMISSION PRACTICES IN
OTHER RELIGION
A. The teachings of Christianity and Islam with regard to their admission
practices:
Similarities
 Both believe that inward expression of belief is more important than the
outward.
 Both require expressing beliefs in their supreme beings.
Differences
 Christianity: To become a Christian one must express belief in Jesus Christ.
 Islam: To become a Muslim one must express belief in the Karlima that
there is no God but God.
 Christianity: Baptism is an expression of the beginning of new life in Christ.
 Islam: Circumcision has no special initiation from childhood into adult
religious life.
B. The teachings of Christianity and Z. T. R with regard to their admission
practices:
Similarities
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  Both are a public sign that one has entered a new way of life.
 Both show an outward symbol of inward reality.
Differences
 Christianity: Baptism shows repentance and conversion.
 Z. T. R: Admission practice shows that one has entered adulthood life.
 Christianity: Baptism shows an association with Christ.
 Z. T. R: Admission practice shows an association with adults.

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 TEMPTATION
1. WHAT IS TEMPTATION, TESTING AND SIN
A. Temptation
 It is a one‟s desire to sin or do something wrong.
 It is not sin in itself but if we give in to it, our actions become sinful.
 It tries to separate us from God. For example, Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:11-19).
 God never tempts us because He is holy (James 1:13).
B. Testing
 It is a situation in which God tries our faith and obedience to him.
 There is a difference between temptation and testing.
 Testing is where God is involved. For instance:
1. Abraham was tested by God and told to offer his only son (Gen 22:1-13).
2. Job was also tested by God by allowing Satan to destroy his children and
property, and to make Job very ill with terrible plague (Job 1:6-22; 2:1-9).
C. Why God test people
 To prove the quality or strength of their faith (James 1:2-3).
 To prove their love and obedience for him (Genesis 22:1)
 To build Christian character (James 1:2-3).
D. Sin
 It is failure to reach God‟s required standard.
 It is breaking or transgression of the law.
 It often leads to a break of relationship between God and man, or between other
men.
 It begins in the heart.
 It begins with the inner thoughts or imaginations of a person.
 The physical act is only an expression of the inner feelings and thoughts. For
example:
1. King David first of all looked at a naked woman.
2. He desired to sleep with her; he sent for her and committed adultery with
her (2 Samuel 11:1-5).
3. This event shows what strong uncontrolled desires lead to.
4. When desires have become fully grown up, it leads to death (James 1:13-
15).

2. METHODS OF TEMPTATION AND EXAMPLES OF PEOPLE WHO WERE

TEMPTED IN THE BIBLE

A. Methods Of Temptation or ways in which temptations come to people:

 Our desires (1 Cor. 7:5; James 1:13; Matthew 4:3-4 and Gen 3:6).
 Our weaknesses and desires (Mark 14:38).
 Pride of position (Acts 12:21-23; Daniel 4:30).
 Poverty (Proverbs 30:9). Poverty can lead someone to steal or complain.
 Prosperity and possessions (Proverbs 30:8-9; Luke 8:14; 1 Timothy 6:10).
 Friends (Matthew 16:22-23; Luke 17:1-2).

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  Circumstances (Matthew 6:31).
B. Examples of people who were tempted in the Bible
 David: David watched a naked woman bathing (2 Samuel 11:1-5).
 Daniel’s three friends: Daniel‟s three friends refused to worship the King‟s idol
(Daniel3:4-18).
 The Apostle Peter: Denied Jesus three times, in spite of Jesus‟ repeated
warnings (Luke 22:54-62).
3. TEMPTATIONS OF JESUS
A. Temptations After His Baptism – Luke 4:1-13
1. Turn Stones into Bread.
 Satan tried to make Jesus prove his Sonship by using God‟s power to perform a
miracle to gratify his hunger.
 Jesus responded by quoting the O.T scripture: ”It is written, Man shall not live by
bread alone but by every word of God” (Deu. 8:3).
2. Worship Satan.
 Satan‟s desire for power to control the world through violence was at the centre
of his temptation.
 Jesus rejected the offer of worldly glory and Satan‟s methods.
 Jesus would not build a Kingdom of righteousness by sinful act.
 God‟s plans for Jesus were to lay down his life in sacrifice.
 Therefore, Jesus said, “fear the Lord your God, worship only him, and make your
promises in his Name alone (Deu. 6:13).
3. Jump from the top of the Temple.
 Satan wanted Jesus to throw himself from the Temple.
 This would make him popular with the people.
 Jesus rejected the idea and replied, “Do not put the Lord your God to the test”
 It is wrong to test God to if he will keep his promises.
 Faith inspired by feared or astonishment is worthless.
B. Other Temptations of Jesus (Isaiah 42:1-2)
1. After feeding the five thousand:
 The crowd wanted him to become King by overthrowing the Roman colonial
Government (John 6:15).
 People wanted the king who would provide all their needs.
 Jesus walked away to a private place to pray.
2. Asked to prove his Messiahship:
 They asked him to perform a sign to prove Messsiahship (Luke 11:29-30).
 Jesus rejected their selfish proposal.
 He told the people that he would only prove Messiahship through his resurrection
from death.
3. Peter tried to prevent Jesus’ death:
 Jesus rebuked peter for trying to prevent his death (Matthew 16:21-23).
 He recognized that Satan was working through his close friends to make him fail
in his mission.
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4. During his Triumphant Entry into Jerusalem:
 Jesus was not deceived by this enthusiastic welcome.
 He was not the political Messiah the majority wanted.
 He was the spiritual Messiah.
 He kept a low profile and stuck to God‟s programme (Luke 19:28-49).
5. In the Garden of Gethsemane:
 This was the temptation to avoid terrible suffering of separation from God
because he carried the sins of the world.
 His pain of mind was so great that he perspired abnormally.
 Jesus overcame by earnestly praying to his father and submitting to his will
(Luke 22:39-46).
6. On the Cross:
 Groups of people tempted him to save himself in a spectacular way.
 He rejected their mockery and depended upon God to help him.
 He submitted to suffering until he finally died (Luke 23:35-56).
7. Each of the temptations was met with a clear vision of His Father’s will:
 His mission was not to compel obedience, but to change the hearts of men.
 His Kingdom must built on love, not force.
 Sins could only be dealt with through his suffering and death.
4. TEMPTATIONS MET BY CHRISTIANS IN ZAMBIA AND HOW THEY CAN
OVERCOME THEM
A. Temptations faced by Christians in Zambia
 Corruption.
 Abuse of power.
 Pride.
 Idolatry and divination.
 Nepotism.
 Stealing.
 Immorality (adultery).
B. How Christians can overcome temptations
 Prayer: We must pray with confidence in the Name of Jesus (Hebrews 4:15-16).
 Use the Word of God: We must quote or speak the word of God directly to the
evil thought.
 Resist temptations: Make a firm decision to reject the evil plans of Satan
(James 4:7).
 Submit to God: Submit to God and obey him rather than your evil desires or
plans of Satan (James 4:7; John 13:37-38).
 Move away from the place temptation: When the temptations is too strong,
leave the place of temptations (Genesis 39:7-12).
 When we are overcome: When temptations defeat us, we must quickly repent
of our sins (Colossians 1:12-13; 1 John 1:9).

5. THE TEACHING ON TEMPTATIONS IN CHRISTIANITY COMPARED WITH THOSE

OF OTHER RELIGIONS

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A) The teachings of Christianity and Hinduism with regard to temptations:
Similarities
 Both believe yielding to temptation should be avoided.
 Both recognize that lust and greed are a temptation.
Differences
 Christianity: There are many temptations and temptation is not sin.
 Hinduism: The two main temptations for Hindus are lust and greed.
 Christianity: Resist the temptations by praying or fleeing from temptation.
 Hinduism: Resist the temptations of lust by thinking of impurities that come
from the body and think of other women as sisters and mothers.
B) The teachings of Christianity and Islam with regard to temptations:
Similarities
 Both believe that it is not the act of adultery but the thoughts of committing
adultery are also sinful.
 Both believe that it is a serious sin to associate God‟s qualities with any
person.
 Both believe God is unique and supreme.
Differences
 Christianity: Obey God out love.
 Islam: Obey God out of fear of the Day of Judgment.
 Christianity: Overcome temptation through prayer and God‟s word.
 Islam: Overcome temptation through thinking of the Day of Judgment.

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JESUS’ POWER OVER DISEASES AND NATURE
1. MIRACLES
A. What is a miracle?
 A happening which cannot be fully explained by natural events or human
reasoning.
 It is a supernatural event.
B. What is a miracle in the bible?
 It is where man sees God at work.
 Signs, works or mighty deeds of God.
C. Why did Jesus perform miracles?
 To show that the Kingdom had arrived and people could enter it (Mat 4:23-25).
 To show that he is a promised Messiah (Luke 5:12-15).
 To show his sympathy and compassion for people.
 To fulfilling the Old Prophecy (Isaiah 29:18-19; Mathew 8:16-17).
2. JESUS HEALS SICK PEOPLE
Jesus heals the following sick people
 The paralytic (Luke 5:17-26).
 The man with a withered hand (Luke 6:6-10).
 The man with dropsy (Luke 14:1-6).
 The blind man at Jericho (Luke 18:35-45).
3. JESUS HEALS THE LEPERS AND HIS ATTITUDE TO THEM
A. Leprosy in the days of Jesus:
 Leprosy was considered to be a very unclean disease.
 It did not require healing but also cleansing.
 There was no cure for leprosy in the days of Jesus and the lepers usually died of
the disease.
 It was also considered to be a contagious disease.
B. Jesus Attitude To Lepers:
 He showed them love.
 He had compassion for them.
 He had pity and sympathy for them.
 He touched them.
 He mixed with them.
4. JEWISH ATTITUDE TO LEPERS AND RULES ABOUT LEPROSY
A. Jewish Attitude To Leprosy:
 Anyone who touched a leper must go through special ceremonies of cleansing.
 Lepers during the time of Jesus were secluded from the community.
 Lepers were also seen as unkempt figures with rough, untied hair and the lower
part of their faces and upper lips covered.
B. Jewish Rules About Leprosy:

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  When a leper saw other people coming near, he was to ring a bell and call out,
“Unclean! Unclean!”
 Only the priest could legally pronounce lepers clean by giving them a certificate
of cleansing.
5. ATTITUDE TO HIV AND AIDS PATIENTS IN ZAMBIA
A. Christian To HIV and AIDS Patients:
 Treat them with love.
 Pray for them.
 Help them.
 Involve them in our daily activities.
 Giving them material support.
B. Effects Of HIV and AIDS On The Family:
 Loss of loved ones (breadwinners).
 Children are orphaned becoming street kids in many cases.
 Stress on families that adopt the orphans.
C. Effects Of HIV and AIDS On The Country:
 Loss of economically productive workers causing downturns in production and
services.
 The government has to find an answer to the problem of street kids.
6. JESUS CALMS THE STORM AND FEEDS FIVE THOUSANDS PEOPLE
A. Jesus Calms the Storm (Luke 8:22-25).
The teachings that Christians learns from this parable:
 Jesus showed his humanity by his tiredness and sleep.
 He showed his Deity by his power over the wind and waves.
 Jesus was both man and God.
B. Jesus Feeds Five Thousand People (Luke 9:12-17).
The teachings that Christians learns from this parable:
 Jesus knows all our needs and he is always ready to meet them.
 He is the only one who could satisfy people with both the spiritual and the
physical needs.
7. MIRACLES IN MODERN CHRISTIAN TIMES
A. Miracles In Modern Christian Times:
 Christians believe that God can perform miracles.
 God performs miracles according to his will.
 Satan sometimes performs supernatural wonders. For example, the witchdoctor‟s
power to perform miracles is from Satan.
B. There Are Different Views About Miracles
1. Believers:
 Christians believe in miracles because they believe in Jesus.
 He was born of a virgin without a human father.
 The resurrection of Jesus is another miracle believed by Christians.
2. Non-Believers:
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 Non-believers find it difficult to believe in miracles because of the following:
 Unbelief in a miracle working God.
 Unbelief in a miracle itself.
 lack of proof or evidence.

8. THE TEACHING ON MIRACLES IN CHRISTIANITY COMPARED WITH THOSE OF

OTHER RELIGIONS.
A. The teachings of Christianity and Islam with regard to miracles.
Similarities
 Both believe in miracles.
 Both believe in a miracle working God.
Differences
 Christianity: God can use any of his faithful people to perform miracles.
 Islam: Believe that miracles can only be done by prophets sent by Allah.
 Christianity: Miracles increase people‟s faith in God.
 Islam: Miracles increase the influence and reputation of holy men.
B. The teachings of Christianity and Z. T. R on their attitudes towards taking
of the sick.
Similarities
 Both take care of the sick.
 Both try to find the cure for the sick.
 Both are sympathetic to the sick.
Differences
 Christianity: They pray for the sick.
 Z. T. R: Consult traditional healers.
 Christianity: Take care of the sick with Christ‟s love.
 Z. T. R: Take care of the sick as an obligation.

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JESUS’ POWER OVER EVIL SPIRITS
1. SPIRITS POSSESSION IN ZAMBIAN TRADITIONAL
A. Types of Spirits And beliefs in Zambian Tradition:

Types of Belief
Spirits
Ancestral  These are spirits of the ancestors which do not possess
Spirits people.
 They act as overseers and protectors of the living relatives
Good Spirits  These are guardian possession spirits, which advices people.
 They are consulted to heal and to protect.
Dissatisfied  These are spirits of people who once lived in society, but
Spirits were disgruntled and troublesome.
 They are believed to be responsible for certain diseases and
conditions such epilepsy, blindness, childlessness, and
death.
Bad Spirits  These are nature spirits which are evil.
 They control certain areas such as the rivers, mountains,
and forests.
 These are not good spirits and must be exorcised.

B. Methods of Keeping spirits away in Zambian Tradition:

SPIRITS METHODS
Bad Spirits  Charms: Worn on the body of a person or put in the roof of
a house or in the door-way to scare spirits.
Dissatisfied  Lotion: Special lotions are prepared by the medicine man to
keep spirits away. Spirits don‟t like strong smells of the
Spirits
lotions.
 Tattoo: Some people make tattoos on their bodies and rub
in medicines to keep spirits away.
 Taboos: Strict rules must be followed, such as not eating
certain foods.

2. ATTITUDES TO AND TREATMENT OF SPIRITS IN ZAMBIAN TRADITION

A. Attitudes To Spirit:
 The good spirits are guardian spirits and protect people.
 Bad spirits are believed to be responsible for certain diseases such as dumbness.
 Ancestral spirits do not possess people, act as overseers and protectors of the
living relates
B. Treatment Of Spirits Possession:
 Use of charms.
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  Driving them out with drumming, dancing, and special ceremonies.
3. JESUS HEALS DEMON POSSESSED PEOPLE
A. Nature Of Evil Spirits
In the Gospel, these spirits are represented as:
 Belonging to the Kingdom Satan (Luke 11:14-26).
 Recognizing that Jesus was the son of God (Luke 4:34; 8:28).
 Dwelling in the people, even preferring to dwell in pigs than to go to their
appointed place in the abyss (Luke 8:31)
 Having distinct personalities and separate consciousness from the person in
whom they dwell (Luke 8:29; 11:24-26)
 Being responsible for certain diseases and conditions such as madness,
dumbness, blindness, epilepsy, childlessness, and death.
B. Examples of stories in which Jesus cast out demons from people
 The Gerasene Demoniac (Luke 8:26-39)
 The Man In The Synagogue (Luke 4:31-38)
 The Demon Possessed Boy (Luke 9:37-43)
4. THE TWO KINGDOMS OF THE SPIRITUAL REALM
A. The Kingdom Of God
This Kingdom is represented by:
 Light.
 Truth.
 Goodness.
 Love.
B. The Kingdom Of Satan
This Kingdom is represented by:
 Darkness.
 Evil.
 Wickedness.
 Hatred.
5. TYPES OF SPIRITS IN CHRISTIAN TEACHING
A. The Holy Spirit:
 The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of God.
 He is the third person of the trinity.
 He indwells all those who repent of their sins and seek forgiveness through Jesus
Christ.
B. The Human Spirit:
 The human spirit enables man to be aware of God.
 It is separated from God at birth because of sins which we inherit.
 It is part of us which can be set alight by God‟s Spirit when we respond to his
call to repentance.
 It is also with our spirit that we communicate with God in prayer.
C. The Angels Spirit:
 The Angels are ministering spirits sent by God to carry out his will.
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  Angels serve Christians in special ways.
 God sends angels to guard, defend and fight against Satan‟s attempt to trip up
believers.
 This often how God answers Christian‟s prayers.
D. Evil Spirits:
 Evil spirits are fallen angels.
 Satan being the chief fallen angel.
 They are also called demons or unclean spirits. The following are the Christian
teachings about evil spirits:
1. Satan‟s kingdom is an organized empire of evil spirits (Ephesians 6:12).
2. Satan is not capable of being present everywhere.
3. Their activity is to oppose God and to defeat all his purposes.
4. They oppress people and seek to hinder their welfare.
5. They distress mankind, causing both physical and mental illnesses.
6. Their time on earth is limited.
7. Satan delegates his activities to evil spirits (Rev. 12:7).
6. CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES TO SPIRIT POSSESSION AND ITS TREATMENT
A. Christian Attitude To Evil Spirits:
 Evil spirits are bad.
 They can influence human beings to do evil activities and can sometimes causes
sicknesses.
 Evil spirits have no bodies but want to enter human bodies to effect their evil
influence and activities.
 Jesus always overcome evil spirits and cast them out of human beings who put
their faith and trust in him.
B. Treatment Of Demon Possession In Christianity
Christians believe that freedom from the power of evil spirits comes through:
 Repentance.
 Confession of sins.
 Faith in Jesus Christ.
 Total commitment of one‟s life to Jesus Christ.
 Exorcism is done through prayer, commanding the demons to leave in the name
of Jesus Christ.
References: Luke 11:24-26; Romans 5:9 and Ephesians 1:7; 2:13.
7. DEMON PRACTICES FORBIDDEN
A. Why Does The Bible Forbid Demonic Practices?
 They are detestable to God.
 They are harmful to people.
 They open up a person‟s life to the influence of evil spirits and demon
possession.
References: Deuteronomy 18:9-12 and Isaiah 8:19-22.
B. Forbidden Demon Practices in the Bible
1. Divination:

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  It is an attempt to predict the future events that cannot be perceived by normal
means.
 This practice is condemned (Lev. 19:26; Eze 21:21; Isaiah 47:13; Jer 29:8-9 and
Acts 16:16).
2. Witchcraft:
 Any activity which leads to devil worship and deliberate contact with evil spirits is
extremely dangerous.
 This power comes from Satan and causes spiritual darkness, demon possession,
and eventual death.
 It is condemned as rebellion against God (1 Samuel 15:23).
3. Magic:
 Magic describes the desire to influence people and events by supernatural
means.
 It includes the use of amulets and charms intended to protect the wearer from
evil influence.
 It also includes occult practices with roots and plants, as a means of protection
against evil.
 Magic practice of all kinds are constantly condemned in scriptures (Acts 19:18-
20).
4. Spells or Omens:
 These are incantations or words used as an alternative to charms.
 They are also used in connection with curse (Isaiah 8:19).
5. Sorcery:
 This is a general term covering the evil arts of astrology, palmistry and the use of
familiar spirits (Isaiah 4:7, 9-13; 2 Kings 9:22).
6. Astrology:
 This refers to foretelling the future using star charts (horoscope).
7. Palmistry:
 Palm reading is performed to foretell the future.
8. Familiar Spirits:
 A practice of speaking to the dead through a „medium.‟
 It should be understood that many people become involved in these practices in
ignorance under the influence of Satan‟s power.
8. THE TEACHING ON TREATMENT OF SPIRIT POSSESSED PEOPLE IN
CHRISTIANITY COMPARED WITH THOSE OF OTHER RELIGIONS
A. The teachings of Christianity and Zambian Traditional Religion on their
attitudes to treatment of spirit possessed people.
Similarities
 Both aim at healing the patients.
 Both aim at exorcising/casting out the evil spirits.
Differences

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  Christianity: Freedom from demons comes through repentance of sin and
faith in Jesus Christ.
 Z. T. R: Freedom from demons comes through observing certain rituals and
taboos.
 Christianity: Believe that spirits can be exorcised by the word of command
through prayer in Jesus‟ name and power.
 Z. T. R: Spirits can be exorcised through drumming, dancing, and special
Ceremonies.
B. The teachings of Christianity and Zambian Traditional Religion on their
beliefs on spirit possession:
Similarities
 Both believe that spirits possess people.
 Both believe that spirits may cause mental and physical illnesses.
 Both believe that a person possessed with spirits may have different
personalities.
Differences
 Christianity: Believe that evil spirits belong to the Kingdom of Satan.
 Z. T. R: Believe that some spirits which possess people are considered to be
good and should be protect.
 Christianity: Believe that evil spirits are harmful and should be cast out.
 Z. T. R: Believe that some spirits are good as they protect people from
disaster.

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 THE KINGDOM OF GOD
1. GOD’S KINGDOM
A. What is the Kingdom of God? (Luke 17:20-25)
 The word “Kingdom” refers to a country under the rule of a monarch (King,
Queen or Paramount Chief).
 The “Kingdom of God” in the Bible is not a place, but a spiritual authority
exercised by God in the hearts and lives of believers.
 The Jews had a completely different idea of the Kingdom of God.
1. They looked for the coming of the prophet Elijah (Malachi 4:5) who would
prepare the way for the Messiah.
2. They expected the Messiah who gain great political victories and defeat his
enemies until they submitted to him.
3. They expected the Messiah who would establish an earthly monarch and
meet their physical needs.
2. Jesus Brought The Kingdom Of God Into The World (Mark 13:24-27).
A. The Present Kingdom:
 Jesus taught that Kingdom had already come, not in a political sense but
spiritually in the hearts of all who accepted his rule.
 The Kingdom of heaven is where God dwells, and because Jesus made it possible
for men and women to be indwelt by God.
 The presence of the Kingdom of God began to be seen on earth.
 The Jews believed that the world was in the grip of evil.
 Jesus break the hold of evil, reclaiming the world for God, its rightful King.
B. The Future Kingdom
 At his second coming, Jesus will gather his elect and judgement will follow.
 This would mark the end of all things, when Kingdom would be finally completed
and perfect.
 Only those who responded to his call including the despised and outcast will
enter the Kingdom of Heaven.
 The religious rulers who rejected him, would not be part of it.
Reference: Mark 13:24-27
3. SIGNS OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND WHY JESUS CAME
A. Signs Of The Kingdom Of God
 A complete change of the life style in believers (Luke 19:1-9).
 Christ‟s power and authority to perform miracles (Mark 9:1).
 Physical healing and deliverances from evil spirits (Luke 6:6-11; Luke 11:14-23).
B. Why Jesus Came (Luke 4:16-21)
 To preach the news (He was the fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah).
 To bring deliverance to the captives.

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  To heal.
References: Luke 6:9-11 and Luke 11:17-23

4. HOW DOES ONE ENTER THE KINGDOM OF GOD?

The Requirements for one to enter the Kingdom of God
 Repentance from sin.
 Faith in Jesus Christ.
 Obedience to God or submission to his will.
References: Luke 18:17; 11:29-32 and John 3:1-21
5. EFFECTS OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD
A. The Hidden Treasure And The Pearl (Mat. 13:44-46).
These parables teach Christians the following lessons:
 Teach that it is worthwhile to give up everything to enter the Kingdom of God.
 It cost the Lord Jesus Christ‟s life to make it possible for us to enter god‟s
Kingdom.
 The person who is convinced of the costly and lastly value of the Kingdom of
God, will be prepared to make any sacrifice to enter that Kingdom.
B. Right Priorities (Luke 12:22-34).
 Christians must view material things from God‟s point of view.
 Holding on to money and possessions as the most important things in life, one
will be spiritually poor.
 The Kingdom of God must come first and then everything will follow later.
C. The Widow’s Offering (Luke 21:1-4)
 God notices those who give to him with a heart of true devotion.
 God notices those who give to him in faith.
 God sees what man overlooks.
6. FOR WHOM WAS THE KINGDOM PREPARED?
A. Humble Beginning (Luke 1:51-53)
 God highly regards humble people who are devoted to him.
 God often enlightens the minds of the poor and the humble, and showers them
with his blessings.
 God lifts the lives of those who are humble.
B. God’s Kingdom Welcomes the following groups of people:
 The poor in spirit.
 Those who hunger for righteousness (right living).
 Those who are humble.
 Those who are persecuted for their faith in Jesus Christ.
7. WHERE IS THE KINGDOM NOW?
A. Universal Kingdom (Luke 4:43; John 10:18-19).
 Jesus made it clear that the Kingdom of God was not only for believing Jews.
 It was to be universal Kingdom that would include believing Gentiles too.
B. A Growing Kingdom

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 The parable of the Mustard Seed teaches Christians the following lessons:
 It teaches that out of the most unimportant beginning, God is creating His
mighty Kingdom.
 This Kingdom of God embraces all believing peoples of the world.
 It also teaches that Kingdom of God shall grow rapidly and its effects will be felt
in the entire world.
C. A Hidden Force In The World (Luke 13:20-21).
This parable teaches Christians the following lessons:
 It shows that the Kingdom of God is at work as a hidden force.
 Through his ministry, the power of God was spreading through society freeing
people from the forces of evil.
8. GOD’S KINGDOM AND CHRISTIANS TODAY
A. How Christians Show That The Kingdom Of God comes First In Their Lives:
 They are prepared to sacrifice everything to enter the Kingdom of God.
 They should not allow worries about material things to distract their attention
away from God.
 They are responsible to pass on the Christian message to others for the increase
of the Kingdom.
 Their behaviour must display devotion to God, and be a good example to others.
9. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD
The following are the characteristics of the kingdom of God:
 God is the absolute ruler of his Kingdom.
 The Kingdom of God is where God rules over the hearts and wills of people.
 The Kingdom of God was brought to us by Jesus Christ.
10. THE TEACHING ON THE KINGDOM OF GOD IN CHRISTIANITY COMPARED
WITH THOSE OF OTHER RELIGIONS
A. The teachings of Christianity and Z. T. R with regard to central ideas about
the Kingdom of God.
Similarities
 Both believe have names of their supreme beings.
 Both communicate with their Supreme Beings by prayer.
 Both believe have a knowledge of both good and evil.
Differences
 Christianity: They believe in submission to Gods rule.
 Z. T. R: They believe in submission to the ancestral spirits.
 Christianity: They believe in repentance and asking for forgiveness from
God.
 Z. T. R: They believe in repentance and asking for forgiveness from ancestral
spirits.
 Christianity: They believe that God is their provider and helps them in time
of need.
 Z. T. R: They believe that the ancestral spirits help them in time of need
B. The teachings of Christianity and Hinduism with regard to their central

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 ideas about the Kingdom of God.
Similarities
 Both believe that God controls the universe.
 Both believe that God is found everywhere.
 Both believe that God knows everything.
Differences
 Christianity: When a person dies, the soul lives on a new spiritual life
waiting for the resurrection of the body.
 Hinduism: When a person dies, the soul leaves it to join another body.
 Christianity: Repentance of deeds is essential which to new life.
 Hinduism: Performance of deeds is essential where good Karma leads to
good life.
 Christianity: Any prayer we make is important to God when we come to
him.
 Hinduism: Certain prayers are more important than others, E.G. Gayatri
Mantra is the most important prayer.
C. The teachings of Christianity and Islam with regard to their central ideas
about the Kingdom of God.
Similarities
 Both believe in the Day of Judgement.
 Both believe in the life after death.
 Both believe in their supreme beings.
Differences
 Christianity: They have no restrictions concerning where to face when
praying.
 Islam: They are restricted to face Mecca when praying.
 Christianity: They have no specified days or months for fasting.
 Islam: They have a specified month for fasting called “Ramadan.”

THIS PAGE MARKS THE END OF GRADE 10 SYLLABUS!

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GOD BLESS AND WORK HARD TO ACHIEVE YOUR SPIRITUAL AND ACADEMIC
GOALS

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