FOOD AND ENERGY

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FOOD AND ENERGY
FOOD AND ENERGY
 Why you need food…
• Food provides your body with materials for growing and for
repairing tissues. Food also provides energy for everything
you do.
•
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• 6 Nutrient Groups for human health-
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Proteins
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Water
 Energy
• Calorie- The amount of
energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 degree Celsius.
• Your body needs a certain
number of calories each day
to meet its energy needs.
• The more active you are, the
more calories your body
needs on a daily basis.
 Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates- A major source of energy that
is composed of carbon, oxygen, and
hydrogen.
• Provides the raw materials to make cell parts.
Carbohydrates
 Proteins
• Proteins- Nutrients that contain nitrogen as
well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Proteins are needed for tissue growth and
repair.
• 10 to 35 % of your daily calories should
come from proteins.
 Fats
• Fats- Energy-containing nutrients that are
composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
• Contain more than TWICE the energy of an
equal amount of carbohydrates.
• Fats form part of the cell membrane.
• Fatty tissue protects and supports your internal
organs and insulates your body.
Fats
 Kinds of Fats
• Saturated- Fats that are
solid at room
temperature (ex. meat
and dairy).

• Unsaturated- Fats that

are usually liquid at
room temperature (ex.
cooking oils).
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 Vitamins and Minerals

• Vitamins- Molecules that act as

helpers in a variety of chemical
reaction within the body.
– Fat soluble vitamins- Dissolve in
fat (stored in body) ex. A, D, E, K
– Water soluble vitamins- Dissolve
in water (not stored in body) ex. B
and C vitamins, folic acid
Vitamins
 Minerals
• Amino Acids- A small molecule that is
linked chemically to other amino acids to
form proteins.
• Your body makes about 1/2 of the amino
acids it needs. The rest must come from
food.
 Water
• 65%-72% of the average
person’s body weight is water.
• Water is the most important 65%
nutrient because the body’s
vital processes- including
chemical reactions such as the
breakdown of nutrients- take
place in water.
• You need 2 liters(8 cups) of
water every day.
Water
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 Guidelines for a Healthy Diet
• The US Department of
Agriculture (USDA)
guidelines provide a
personalized way to help
people make healthy food
choices based on their
age, sex, and amount of
physical activity.

MyPlate Video
 Food Labels

• Food labels allow

you to evaluate a
single food as well
as to compare the
nutritional value of
two different foods.
 How to Read a Food Label
• Serving Size- The size of a single serving and
the number of servings in the container.
• Calories- How much energy you can get from
one serving of the food, including how many
calories come from fat.
• Percent Daily Value- Shows how the nutritional
content of one serving fits into a recommended
diet.
• Ingredients- Listed in order by weight, starting
with the main ingredient.
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