,ae;jpuq;fSk; ,izatopg; gad;ghLk;

1. ,iza topapy; ,aq;Fk; kpd;dZ ,ae;jpuq;fis vOjp mtw;wpd; gad;fis

vOJf.
kpd;dZ ,ae;jpuq;fs;
xspg;gb ,ae;jpuk;
njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk;
jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuk;
ml;il gad;gLj;Jk; ,ae;jpuk;
Mswp Nrhjidf; fUtp
gad;fs;
fy;tp> tzpfk;> muR> jdpahh; mYtyfq;fs;
vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; efy; vLf;fg;
gad;gLfpwJ.
Nfhg;GfisAk; xspg;glq;fisAk; cldbahf
Xhplj;jpypUe;J kw;Nwhh; ,lj;jpw;F mDg;gg;
gad;gLfpwJ.
tq;fpapy; $l;lj;ijj; jtph;j;J vspikahf gzk;
ngwKbfpwJ.
iffspy; gzkpd;wp filfSf;Fr; nrd;W nghUs;
thq;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
jdpahh; kw;Wk; muR mYtyfq;fspy; tUifg;
gjpTf;fhfTk;> ntspNaWifg; gjpTf;fhfTk;
gad;gLfpwJ.

2. gs;sp khzth;fSf;fhd jkpof murpd; ,izatopr; Nritfis vOJf.

eLtz; muRk;> khepy muRk; khzth;fspd; fy;tp cjtpj; njhiff;fhf gy
Nghl;bj; Njh;Tfis elj;Jfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; fye;Jnfhs;s tpUk;Gk; khzth;fs; jhq;fs;
gbf;Fk; gs;spfspNyNa ,izaj;jpd;top tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
 gj;jhk; tFg;G - Njrpaj; jpwdwpj; Njh;T
 vl;lhk; tFg;G - fy;tp cjtpj;njhifg; ngWtjw;fhd Njrpaj; jpwdwpj;
Njh;T.
 xd;gjhk; tFg;G - fpuhkg;Gwg; gs;spfspy; gapYk; khzth;fSf;fhd
Cufj; jpwdwpj; Njh;T.

 gs;spf;fy;tp Kbj;j khzth;fs; fy;Y}hpfSf;F ,izak; topahf

tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
 gs;sp> fy;Y}hpf; fl;lzk; nrYj;jTk;> Njh;Tf; fl;lzk; nrYj;jTk; ,izak;
gad;gLfpwJ.
 Njh;T miw milahsr;rl
P ;ilj; ju gjtpwf;fk; nra;jYk;> ,izar;
nray;ghLfshf Mfptpl;ld.
 gd;dpuz;lhtJ Kbj;j khzth;fs; gy;NtW njhopw;fy;tp EioTj;Njh;TfSf;F
,izaj;jpd; topNa tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.

3. ,izag; gad;ghL gw;wp vOJf.

 NgUe;J> njhlh;tz;b> tpkhdk;> jq;Fk; tpLjpfs;> Rw;Wyh> jpiug;glq;fspd;
,Uf;iffs;> czT toq;fy; Nghd;w midj;J Kd;gjpTk; nra;a ,izak;
gad;gLfpwJ.
 muRf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;ba nrhj;Jthp> kpd;fl;lzk;> vhpthA> nghUl;fis
thq;FtJ> jz;zPh; thp Mfpatw;iw ,izaj;jpd; %yk; nrYj;jyhk;.
 gpwg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;> tUkhd thpr; rhd;wpjo;> rhjpr; rhd;wpjo;> ,wg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;
Mfpait ,izaj;jpd; %yk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
 chpa gbkq;fis tpz;zg;gpf;f> gjptpwf;fk; nra;a gad;gLfpd;wJ.
 tzpfj;njhlh;G> tq;fp> gzk;> tUifg;gjpT> Mswp Nrhjid Nghd;w midj;Jk;
,izak; %yk; ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.
 X> vd; rkfhyj; Njhoh;fNs!
1. ‘vd; rkfhyj; Njhoh;fNs’ ftpijapy; ftpQh; tpLf;Fk; Ntz;LNfhs; ahJ?
 Kd;Ndhh; $wpa KJnkhopfis tho;tpy; filg;gpbf;fNtz;Lk;.
 nghWik> mlf;fk; vd;Dk; fl;Lg;ghLfis kPwhjPh;fs;.
 mwpit kwe;J ve;j epiyapYk; czh;r;rp tag;glhjPh;fs;.
 goikia kjpf;ff; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
 mwptpay; vd;Dk; thfdj;jpy; MSk; jopio epWj;Jq;fs;.
 fhpfhyd; fl;ba fy;yiz Nghd;W jkpoh;fs; cUthf;fpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfisf;
fzpdpapy; Vw;Wq;fs;.
 VTk; mk;GNghy; VTk; jpirNehf;fp elf;Fk; mbikj;jdj;ij khw;Wq;fs;.
 VTfizapy; jkpio vOjp vy;yhf; Nfhs;fspYk; Vw;Wq;fs;.

2. $l;Lg;GOit vLj;Jf;fhl;bf; ftpQh; czh;j;Jk; fUj;Jfis vOJf.

 vg;nghOJk; nghWik> mlf;fk; vd;Dk; ,U gz;Gfis kwj;jy; $lhJ.
 $l;Lg; GOf;fs; gl;Lg;G+r;rpfsha; khwp kpspUk;.
 mJNghy> nghWik> mlf;fk; ,uz;Lk; cila ,isQh;fs; gl;Lg;G+r;rpfs;
kpsph;tJ Nghy> ,t;Tyfpy; ntw;wpapid milayhk; vdf; ftpQh; $Wfpwhh;.

caph;tif
1. njhy;fhg;gpak; - Fwpg;G tiuf.
 njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; Mrphpah; njhy;fhg;gpah;.
 kpfg; goikahd ,yf;fz E}yhFk;.
 njhy; fhg;G ,ak; vd;W gphpj;J nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
 jkpohpd; njhd;ikiaf; fhj;J ,ak;Gk; E}y; vd;W nghUs;gLk;.
 vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; vd;W %d;W mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
 xt;nthU mjpfhuKk; 9 mjpfhuq;fsha; nkhj;jk; 27 mjpfhuq;fisf;
nfhz;lJ.
 nghUsjpfhuk; jkpoh;fspd; tho;f;if ,yf;fzj;ijf;; $Wk; E}yhFk;.

2. caph; tif Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; njhy;fhg;gpau; topepd;W tpsf;Ff.

mwpitAk; caphpdq;fisAk; njhy;fhg;gpah; vt;thW tifg;gLj;Jfpwhh;?

mwpTepiy mwpAk; Mw;wy; cjhuzk;

XuwpT cw;wwpjy; (njhLjy;) Gy;> kuk;
<uwpT cw;wwpjy;> Ritj;jy; rpg;gp> ej;ij
%twpT cw;wwpjy;> Ritj;jy;> Efh;jy; fiuahd;> vWk;G
ehd;fwpT cw;wwpjy;> Ritj;jy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy; ez;L> Jk;gp
Ie;jwpT cw;wwpjy;> Ritj;jy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy;> Nfl;ly; gwit> tpyq;F
MwwpT cw;wwpjy;> Ritj;jy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy;> Nfl;ly;>
gFj;jwpjy; kdpjd;

tpz;izAk; rhLNthk;
Kd;Diu
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ,e;jpa thdpay; mwptpay; Jiwapy; jkpoh;fspd; gq;F
kfj;jhdJ. mg;Jy;fyhk;> kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu> tsh;kjp Nghd;Nwhh; thpirapy;
kw;WnkhU , e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; jiytu; rptd; Mthh;. ,th;
,];Nuhtpd; xd;gjhtJ jiytu;. Kjy; jkpoh; vd;w rpwg;Gf;F chpath;. ,tiug; gw;wpAk;
,thpd; mhpa rhjidfs; gw;wpAk; ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

,sikf;fhyk;:
ehfu;Nfhtpy; gf;fk; ty;yq;Fkhutpis vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; muRg; gs;spapy; jkpo;
topapy; gbj;jth;. jd;Dila gbg;gpw;Fj; Njitahd gzj;ijj; jhNd rk;ghjpj;Jg;
gbj;jth;. fy;Y}happy; mwptpay; ,sq;fiyg; gbg;gpy; Kjyhtjhfj; Njwpdhh;. gpd;
EioTj;Njh;T vOjp vk;.I.b apy; Nrh;; e;J> vk;.,. gbj;Jg; gpd; tpf;uk; rhuhgha;
epWtdj;jpy; nghwpahsu; Mdhh;.

Muk;g fhyg;gzp
1983Mk; Mz;L Kjd;Kjypy;; gp.v];.vy;.tp. jpl;lk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. xU
nraw;iff;Nfhs; VTjsj;jpy; vd;d khjphp nkd;nghUs; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;>
thfdj;jpd; tbtk;> ePsk;> mfyk;> cauk; vt;tsT ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gijj;
jPh;khdpg;gNj ,thpd; Muk;gg;gzpahf ,Ue;jJ. ,jw;fhf ,tu; ‘rpj;jhuh’ vd;w nraypia
cUthf;fpdhh;. ,r;nraypiag; gad;gLj;jp Vtg;gl;l nraw;iff;Nfhs; gp.v];.vy;.tp.

nraw;iff; Nfhs;fspd; gad;ghL:

 Kjd;Kjypy; ,uhZtj;Jf;Fk;> ty;yuR ehLfspd; Mw;wiyf; fhz;gpf;fTk;
gad;gl;lJ.
 jw;NghJ>
 tptrhaj;jpd; %yk; vt;tsT tpisr;ry; fpilf;Fnkd muRf;Fj; njhptpf;fpwJ.
 epyj;jpy; ve;j ,lj;jpy; ePhpd; msT vt;tsT ,Uf;Fnkd;gijf; $WfpwJ.
 kPd;fs; mjpfkhff; fpilf;Fk; fly;gFjpapid kPdth;fSf;Fj; njhptpf;fg;
gad;gLfpwJ.
 jpwd;Ngrpfs;> jhdpaf;fg; gz,ae;jpuk;> ml;il gad;gLj;Jk; ,ae;jpuk; ,g;gb
kf;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,izar; nray;fs; midj;jpYk; ,jd; gad;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

miw$ty;fSk; rthy;fSk;:
,;e;jpahtpy; ,Jtiu 45 nraw;iff;Nfhs; nrYj;jg;gl;l epiyapy; ,d;Dk; 45
nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis tpz;zpy; VtNtz;Lk; vd;gJ ,thpd; miw$tyhf cs;sJ.
Netpf; nrayp fly; gazj;jpw;fhfTk;> kPdtu;fSf;fhfTk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
%d;W tpjkhd njhopy;El;g rthy;fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd. mit>
 nraw;iff;Nfhis VTtjw;fhd njhopy;El;gk;.
 nraw;iff;Nfhis Vw;wpr; nry;Yk; VT Ch;jp.
 VT Ch;jpapypUe;J tpLgl;l nraw;iff;Nfhs; jUk; nra;jpfisg; ngw;W kf;fs;
gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L tUjy;.
rthy;fs;:
 kWgad;ghl;bw;F Vw;w Ch;jp.
 [p.v].vy;.tp. khu;f;-2 VTfiz 2.25 ld;fspypUe;J 3.25 ld;fshf khw;Wjy;.
 [p.v].vy;.tp. khu;f;-3 VTfiz 3 ld;fspypUe;J 6 ld;fshf khw;Wjy;.

re;jpuhad; 2 gzpfs;:
re;jpuhad; 2> epytpd; Nkw;gug;gpy; Jy;ypakhd fl;Lg;ghLfspd; %yk; Ma;Tg; gaz
Ch;jp> ,wq;Fjiy Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;lJ. mjpypUe;J Nuhth; vdg;gLk; MuhAk; Ch;jp>
NuhNghl;bf; njhopy;El;g cjtpapdhy; jhdhf ntspte;J epytpy; ,wq;fp 14 ehl;fs;
gazpj;J> gy;NtW NrhjidfisAk; mq;F Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
KbTiu:
%d;W Mz;Lfs;> VO Mz;Lfs;> 15Mz;Lfs; vd jpl;lq;fis tFj;Jk;>
,];Nuhtpd; jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;J nray;gl;L tUk; rptd;> vr;nraypYk; KO <Lghl;Lld;
nray;gLgth; vd;gjw;F Nkw;fz;l nra;jpfNs ekf;Fr; rhd;Wfshfj; jpfo;fpd;wd vd;W
$wpdhy; kpifapy;iy.