UNIT-6

UNIT 6: Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Materials-Origin of magnetism, basic terms

and properties. Types of magnetic materials. Introduction to dia, para, ferro, antiferro and
ferrima gnetic materials, Curie temperature. Laws of magnetic materials. Domain theory,
Domain growth and domain wall rotation, Magnetic anisotropy. Magnetostriction & its
mechanism. Ferrites, spinels & garnets. Ferromagnetic domains, magnetic hystersis.
Magnetoplumbite, hexaferrite. Magnetic hysteresis loop, hysteresis loss. Hard and soft
magnetic materials. Textured magnetic materials, Oxide magnetic materials. Magnetic
tape, Magnetic bubble, Magnetic glasses, colossal magneto- resistance. High energy hard
magnetic materials, Commercial magnetic materials such as Supermalloy, Alnico, Cunife,
Cunico etc., Conventional and non-conventional applications, characterisation of magnetic
materials, Recent developments. Related calculations.
 MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT

A magnetic dipole moment

in an external field
experiences a torque

magnetic dipole moment

A magnetic dipole moment creates a magnetic field just like a bar magnet. The
field B depends on μm.
 ATOMIC MAGNETIC MOMENTS

orbital angular momentum

An orbiting electron is equivalent to a
magnetic dipole moment μorb

orbital magnetic moment

gyromagnetic ratio-angular momentum to the magnetic moment
 Spin magnetic moment The spin magnetic moment precesses about an
external magnetic field along z and has a value
μz along z

Bohr magneton

spin of a single electron has a magnetic moment of one Bohr magneton along the field.
MAGNETIZATION VECTOR M

A material medium inserted into the

Consider a long solenoid. With free solenoid develops a magnetization M
space as the medium inside, the
magnetic field is Bo
total magnetic moment of the cylindrical specimen is
MAGNETIZING FIELD OR MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY H

The field B in the material inside the solenoid

is due to the conduction current I through the
wires and the magnetization current Im on the
surface of the magnetized medium.
MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

magnetic permeability

Relative permeability