UNIT CODE: DED1301

UNIT TITLE: RESOURCE MOBILIZATION

CAT ONE AND TWO

a) Discuss any five ways through which human resources can be managed to
promote their productivity. (3 Marks)
i. Recruitment and Selection.
 Thorough Job Analysis: Finding the best candidates requires an understanding of
the precise skills, credentials, and characteristics needed for each job post.
 Effective job advertising and posting: Reaching out to candidates through the right
means and providing correct job information will help you draw in the right
prospects.
 Structured Interviews and Assessments: Using standardized techniques for
interviewing and evaluating applicants aids in conducting an objective evaluation of
them.
ii. Training and Development.
 Needs Assessment: Determining the knowledge and skill shortages in the
workforce enables the development of focused training initiatives.
 Feedback on performance: Regular performance evaluations can assist pinpoint
areas that need development so that training programs can be tailored accordingly.
 Offering access to ongoing training and development programs guarantees that staff
members keep current on market trends and best practices.
iii. Measurement of performance.
 Clear Expectations and Objectives: Employees are better able to comprehend
what is expected of them when performance goals and objectives are set in writing.
 Regular Feedback and Communication: Promoting a culture of continuous
development requires giving positive feedback on performance and responding to
issues as soon as they arise.
 Recognition and Rewards: Recognizing and rewarding high performance
encourages employees to consistently meet or exceed expectations.
iv. Staff Engagement.
 Open Communication Channels: Encouraging open discussion between
employees and management develops a pleasant work atmosphere.
 Team Building Activities: Promoting teamwork and collaboration through various
activities can boost morale and productivity.
 Initiatives for improving the well-being of employees can result in higher levels of
engagement. Programs that support physical, mental, and emotional well-being
should be implemented.
v. Policies and culture in the workplace.
 Fair and Inclusive Policies: Fair and inclusive policies foster a courteous and
cooperative workplace.
  Work-Life Balance Encouragement: Maintaining a healthy balance between
work and personal life helps employees stay motivated and productive.
 Alignment with Organizational Values: Fostering a culture that supports the
mission and core principles of the business can inspire staff members to contribute
to its success.

b) Explain the concept of donor fatigue and outline the possible causes of
donor fatigue in Africa. (3 Marks)
The concept of donor fatigue
Donor fatigue is a phenomenon characterized by a decrease in public or institutional willingness
to give to charitable causes over time. Donors generally experience it when they are
overwhelmed or discouraged by the ongoing need for financial support, frequently in response to
repeated and broad disasters or cries for assistance.
In the field of human resource management, the term "donor fatigue" describes a circumstance in
which stakeholders or employees within an organization lose interest in or motivation to devote
their time, energy, or resources to initiatives or projects, frequently as a result of a perception
that their contributions have been misused or overused. This idea is especially important for
firms that depend on their employees' discretionary or volunteer activities.
Causes of donor fatigue in Africa
i. Consistently Occurring Crises:
Natural disasters, armed conflicts, and epidemics are just a few of the persistent crises that Africa
has experienced. Donor fatigue can result from the ongoing need for humanitarian assistance and
relief efforts because people and organizations may feel overburdened by the constant demand
for support.

ii. Lack of Accountability and Transparency:

Donors may be reluctant to make additional contributions if they believe that their contributions
are not being used effectively or that there is a lack of transparency regarding how funds are
managed.

iii. Dependency on Aid:

 A sense of dependency may develop when a region or nation depends heavily on foreign
assistance for an extended period of time. Donors who do not observe significant advancements
toward self-sustainability may grow weary of making donations.

iv. Perception of Inefficiency:

Donors may lose hope and motivation to give if they believe that their contributions are not
making a significant positive difference.

v. Economic Restraints:
Donors, whether they are individuals or institutions, might experience their own financial
difficulties due to a recession, a loss of employment, or other factors. This may restrict their
capacity to give, which would result in a decline in donations.

c) Outline the factors that influence the effective communication in

communities. (4 Marks)
i. Cultural Diversity:

 Different cultures have varying communication norms, styles, and etiquettes.

Understanding and respecting these differences is essential for effective
communication.

ii. Language Proficiency:

 Proficiency in the language being used is crucial. When people are not fluent or
comfortable in a particular language, it can hinder comprehension and expression.

iii. Active Listening Skills:

 Being able to listen attentively and understand others' perspectives is a key factor in
effective communication. This includes showing empathy, asking clarifying
questions, and providing feedback.

iv. Clarity and Conciseness:

 Clear and concise messages are more likely to be understood and remembered.
Avoiding jargon and using simple, straightforward language helps convey the
intended message.
 d) Use practical examples to demonstrate the importance of the community
development fund. In developing community resources. (4 Marks)
i. Infrastructure Development.
Example: Establishing a Community Center
Importance: A Community Development Fund may provide funding for the establishment of a
community center. These structures can act as a focal point for a variety of events, including
meetings, social gatherings, cultural activities, and workshops. It gives locals a place to get
together, fostering a sense of community and cohesion. The center can also be used for health
initiatives, workshops to develop skills, and educational programs that will benefit the
community as a whole.

ii. Education and Training Programs.

Example: Opening a Vocational Training Center
Importance: A vocational training center can be opened with assistance from the Community
Development Fund. This facility offers courses in agricultural practices, computer skills, sewing,
carpentry, and other skill-building areas. These initiatives equip community members with useful
skills that may open doors to employment opportunities. As a result, people are better able to
support themselves and make a positive impact on the local economy.

iii. Projects for Environmental Protection.

Example: Creating a community garden and recycling program, for instance.
Importance: The money can be used to start recycling campaigns and community gardens,
among other green initiatives. These programs not only encourage sustainability and a cleaner
environment, but they also give locals the chance to cooperate in the pursuit of a common
objective. Fresh produce produced by gardening activities can help the local community's food
security. Additionally, recycling initiatives can make money by selling recycled goods.

iv. Initiatives in health and wellness.

Example: Creating a Community Health Clinic.
Importance: Accessible healthcare services are provided to the community by establishing a
health clinic with the help of the Community Development Fund. This clinic offers maternal and
child health services, immunizations, basic medical care, and health education. Community
 members are more likely to seek timely medical care when local healthcare needs are met, which
improves overall health outcomes and life quality.

e) Explain the challenges faced by rural schools in the management of their

physical resources. (4 Marks)
i. Limited funding and budget
Budgets for rural schools are typically smaller than those for urban schools. Their inability to
maintain and upgrade physical infrastructure, buy cutting-edge teaching tools, and provide
resources like computers and lab equipment may be hampered by their limited financial
resources. Students might not have access to resources and facilities of the same caliber as those
found in urban areas as a result.

ii. Lack of Infrastructure

Many rural schools struggle with outdated or insufficient facilities. This might involve unkempt
classrooms, inadequate seating arrangements, inadequate lighting, ventilation, and heating and
cooling systems, among other things. It can be challenging to create the best learning
environment when there is inadequate infrastructure because it can cause discomfort for staff and
students.

iii. Limited Utilization of Technology.

Providing modern technology and digital resources to rural schools can be difficult. To do
research, work on projects, and stay current with educational trends, you will need computers,
internet access, and software programs. Students may be at a disadvantage in terms of digital
literacy and other skills required for the modern job market if they do not have adequate access
to technology.

iv. Transportation and Accessibility Challenges.

Rural areas frequently have few transportation options, which makes rural schools difficult to
reach. Students may experience difficulties as a result, particularly those who live far from the
school. Unreliable transportation can cause attendance problems and higher dropout rates.
Inaccessible locations can also make it difficult for staff members and teachers to commute to
the school.

f) Discuss resource mobilization as a sociological theory. (4 Marks)

 Resource mobilization theory is a sociological perspective that focuses on how social
movements acquire and deploy resources to achieve their goals. It emphasizes that effective
resource gathering, allocation, and utilization which may include financial, human, material,
and symbolic resources which are key to the success of social movements. The resource
mobilization theory has the following four important components:
i. Acquisition of Resources
This feature emphasizes how critical it is to gather the resources required to support and advance
a social movement. These resources may include funding from donors, volunteers, entry to
powerful networks, and tangible assets like meeting rooms or transportation. Theorists of
resource mobilization contend that movements with access to a variety of resources have a
higher chance of being effective in accomplishing their goals.

ii. Strategy and Reasoning

The resource mobilization theory makes the supposition that social movements behave logically
and employ deliberate tactics to accomplish their objectives. Using a cost-benefit analysis,
movements carefully plan and allocate resources, selecting acts that are most likely to have a
significant impact. This is in contrast to earlier sociological ideas, which emphasized
participants' emotional or psychological motivations.
iii. Political Situation
This viewpoint emphasizes that a social movement's ability to succeed depends on the larger
political and social environment in which it takes place. Movements need to modify their
resource mobilization plans in response to shifting political opportunities, shifting public
opinion, and shifting opposition or governing body behavior. For navigating complicated and
changeable sociopolitical settings, this adaptive strategy is essential.
iv. Leadership and the Structure of the Organization
According to resource mobilization theory, a social movement's leadership and organizational
effectiveness are crucial. Resources can be acquired and deployed more efficiently in well-
organized movements. Furthermore, effective leadership may motivate and direct team members,
ensuring that resources are used effectively and efficiently.

g) Discuss four major examples of resources. (4 Marks)

Resources are valuable assets or commodities that can be used to fulfill a variety of requirements
and objectives. Based on their characteristics and suitability for use, they can be roughly divided
into many sorts. Here are four prominent resources as examples:
i. Natural Resources
 Non-human-produced components present in the environment are referred to as natural
resources. Both renewable and non-renewable resources can be used. Examples comprise:
Renewable energy sources include sunlight, wind, water (such as rivers and lakes), forests, and
agricultural lands.
Fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), minerals (such as iron ore, copper, and gold), and
non-renewable energy sources are all non-renewable.
ii. Human Resources
Human resources are the labor, expertise, knowledge, and skills that people offer. For the
creation of goods and services, they are necessary. Examples include the knowledge and skills of
employees in various industries, education, experience, and training all count as intellectual
capital and available labor force for hire.
iii. Financial Resources
Money-related assets and capital that is accessible for investments or outlays are referred to as
financial resources. They are essential to the economy and to company operations. A few
examples are money, savings, and investments others are credit facilities, loans and Profits and
revenue made by businesses.
iv. Technological Resources
Tools, machinery, equipment, and knowledge are all examples of technological resources
because they are utilized to produce commodities and services. They support productivity,
effectiveness, and innovation. Computers, software, and information systems are a few
examples. Other examples are; equipment used in manufacturing, capability for research and
development.

h) Discuss steps followed in fund raising process. (4 Marks)

The steps that the fundraising procedure typically encompasses are as follows:
i. Choosing the Fundraising Objective
Clearly defining the goal of the fundraising campaign is the first stage. This could be to support
the overarching mission of an organization or for a specific initiative, program, or event. The
objective must be SMART, or specified, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-limited.

ii. Researching and Understanding the Target Audience.

It's important to find and comprehend the possible contributors or funders.
 It's important to identify and comprehend the possible funders or contributors. This takes
demographics, interests, and preferences into account. The likelihood of success rises when the
fundraising message is customized to appeal to the intended audience.

iii. Choosing Fundraising Techniques and Media

Various channels and fundraising techniques can be used, such as:
 Individual Donations: Obtaining financial support from individuals through personal
pleas, websites, or public events.
 Corporate sponsorship: Collaborating with companies to receive money or in-kind
gifts.
 Activities: Planning charity runs, galas, and other activities to raise money.
 Grants and Foundations: Submitting requests for financial aid from charitable
organizations and foundations.
 Crowdfunding is the process of using internet platforms to amass a large number of
small donations.
 Major Gifts: Seeking significant contributions from wealthy people or organizations.

iv. Making a fundraising schedule and plan

The strategies, methods, and activities that will be used to meet the fundraising objective are
described in a well-structured fundraising plan. To ensure that fundraising activities are well-
coordinated, it contains a timeline with specified deadlines for each action.

v. Implementing the Fundraising Campaign (Bonus Point):

The techniques described in the fundraising plan are put into practice during this phase. This
could entail starting internet campaigns, planning events, making personal pleas, or submitting
funding applications. It's crucial to stay in touch with potential donors and keep them interested
in the cause.

vi. Progress Monitoring and Evaluation (Bonus Point):

It's critical to keep tabs on your progress toward the fundraising target at all times. This enables
any necessary modifications to be made. Future campaigns can be improved by analyzing the
efficacy of various channels and techniques of fundraising.

vii. Donor Recognition and Appreciation (Bonus Point):

Building trust and keeping long-term support requires acknowledging and expressing gratitude to
donors. This might be accomplished through distinctive thank-you notes, publishing
acknowledgement, or donor-specific events.