Infectious

Diseases

Presented by: Aeshyle Meriece Tambus (1B), Daniella Luna (1A)

What is an Infectious Disease?
Disorders produced by organisms,
such as bacteria, viruses, fungus,
or parasites, are known as
infectious diseases.

INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
are caused by harmful
organisms that get into your
body from the outside, like
viruses and bacteria.
NON
INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
aren’t caused by outside
organisms, but by genetics,
anatomical differences,
getting older and the
environment you live in.
 TYPES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

01 02 03
VIRAL INFECTION BACTERIAL INFECTION FUNGAL INFECTION

Bacteria are single-celled Fungi live on and in your

Viruses are a piece of
organisms with their body. When your fungi gets
information (DNA or RNA)
instructions written on a overgrown or when harmful
inside of a protective shell
small piece of DNA. Many fungi gets into your body
(capsid). They get inside
bacteria are harmless or through your mouth, your
your cells and use your
even helpful, but certain nose or a cut in your skin,
cells’ machinery to make
bacteria release toxins that you can get sick.
copies of themselves.
can make you sick.
 TYPES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
04 05
PARASITIC INFECTION TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHIES
Parasites use the bodies (TSE/prion disease)
of other organisms to
live and reproduce. TSEs are caused by prions — faulty
proteins that cause other proteins in
your body, usually in your brain, to
become faulty as well. Prions are an
extremely rare cause of infectious
diseases.
How does infectious diseases spread?
A. DIRECT CONTACT
01 PERSON TO PERSON
This can happen when an individual with the bacterium or virus touches,
kisses, or coughs or sneezes on someone who isn't infected. These germs can
also spread through the exchange of body fluids from sexual contact.

02 ANIMAL TO PERSON
Being bitten or scratched by an infected animal — even a pet — can make you
sick and, in extreme circumstances, can be fatal. Handling animal waste can be
hazardous as well.
How does infectious diseases spread?
A. DIRECT CONTACT
03 MOTHER TO UNBORN CHILD
Some germs can pass through the placenta or through breast milk. Germs in the
vagina can also be transmitted to the baby during birth.

B. INDIRECT CONTACT
Many germs can linger on an inanimate object, such as a tabletop,
doorknob or faucet handle.
How does infectious diseases spread?
C. INSECTS BITES CONTACT
Some germs rely on insect carriers — such as mosquitoes, fleas, lice or
ticks — to move from host to host. These carriers are known as vectors.

B. FOOD
CONTAMINATION
This mechanism of transmission allows germs to be spread to many
people through a single source.
Who is most at risk for getting infectious diseases?

People at higher risk of infectious disease include:

❏ Those with suppressed or compromised immune systems, such as

those receiving cancer treatments, living with HIV or on certain
medicines.
❏ Young children, pregnant people and adults over 60.
❏ Those who are unvaccinated against common infectious diseases.
❏ Healthcare workers.
❏ People traveling to areas where they may be exposed to vectors that
carry pathogens
 COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Virus Causative agent Geographical

distribution/Prevalence

Ebola Ebolaviruses Africa

Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Worldwide

Dengue Flavivirus Tropical and subtropical

regions
 COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Bacteria Causative agent Geographical
distribution/Prevalence

Tuberculosis Mycobacterium India, Indonesia, China,

tuberculosis Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria,
Bangladesh, Democratic
Republic of the Congo

Escherichia coli Escherichia coli serotype Europe, South Africa, South

O157:H7 America, Australia and Japan

Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis. Denmark, Iceland, Norway,

Swede, UK, South Africa
 COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES

FUNGI Causative agent Geographical

distribution/Prevalence

Vaginal candidiasis Candida Africa, Iran

Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus Sub-Saharan Africa,

Australia, Europe, Pacific
Northwest
 COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasites Causative agent Geographical

distribution/Prevalence

Hookworm infection Ancylostoma duodenale, Sub-Saharan Africa,

A. ceylanicum, Necator followed by Asia, Latin
Americanus America, Caribbean

Pinworm infection Enterobius vermicularis Western Europe,

Northern Europe and the
United States
Common symptoms of
infectious diseases:

● Fever ● Fatigue
● Chills ● Muscle aches and headache
● Congestion ● Gastrointestinal symptoms
● Cough

Serious and life-threatening

complications:
● Dehydration ● AIDS
● Pneumonia ● Liver cancer
● Sepsis ● Cervical cancer
● Meningitis
 Treatment PREVENTION

● Bacterial infections - antibiotics ● Handwashing

● Viral infections - over-the-counter
medications
● Fungal infections - antifungal
medications
● Prion diseases - no treatment
● Vaccination
● Isolation
● Safe food handling
● Practicing safe sex
● Avoid sharing personal items
 REFERENCES
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/sympto
ms-causes/syc-20351173

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

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