Com Engage

4 t h Quarter – Reviewer

Human Rights

- The civil and political rights of a person

- Adopted from the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights prepared by the UN.

AN EFFECTIVE CONSTITUTION HAS 3 PARTS:

1. Constitution of Government
2. Constitution of Sovereignty
3. Constitution of Liberty

BILL OF RIGHTS

include 22 sections that present the Filipino Citizen’s rights and priviledges

FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE:

1. To investigate crimes and prosecutes offenders through the National Bureau of

Investigation (NBI) and the National Prosecution Service (NPS)
2. To serve as the legal representative of the Government of the Philippines
3. To provide free legal assistance/representation to indigents and poor litigants
4. To promote, develop, and expand the resolution of the disagreements between people
or groups
5. To perform other functions that include witness protection, anti-human trafficking,
assisting rape victims, and maintaining the organizational structure

COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS

- an independent office provided for in the Philippine Constitution to investigate all forms of
human rights violations involving the civil and political rights of the Philippines

Programs:

1. Human Rights Protection Programs

2. The provision of the human rights education curriculum
3. Creation of an environment of poverty reduction
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
aims to protect and promote the welfare of Filipino workers both in the country and abroad.

Social Justice
- describes the relationship between the individual and society as fair and just.

refers to the overall equality and fairness in:

 the treatment of fellow human beings regardless of race, sex, gender, social class, age
dis/ability, religion, political affiliation, creed, or other characteristic of background or
group membership;
 the access and allocation of community resources and goods such as basic needs
 the giving of opportunity structures and life chances so that people can live meaningful
lives and achieve well-being

Section 2 of Article XIII of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Promotion of social justice shall include the commitment to create economic opportunities
based on:
Freedom of Initiative
Initiative is the ability of a person to assess and do things indecently
Self-Reliance
referred to as an individual’s ability to do things and made decisions independently, having
the confidence in exercising one’s judgment.

SOCIAL INJUSTICE
refers to situations and issues relating to unequal and abusive relationships among people,
particularly human rights violations, exploitation, abuse, and discrimination directed toward
certain individuals of groups

 Poverty
 Unfair Labor Practices
 Plight of Farmers and Farmworkers
 Ageism
 Racism
 Gender bias
 Disability bias
 Discrimination
 Empowerment and Advocacy
EMPOWERMENT

- development of self-confidence, self-control, relationship with others and the firmness

to gain political power to achieve improved inputs and equality.

ADVOCACY

- active intervention of community members to see ways to obtain the needed resources
that are not available in the community. It is also one way to change the community
regulations that affect the members negatively.

- involves exerting efforts more than what is necessary to accomplish a certain task

- a tool in attaining people empowerment

Advocate - one who speaks on behalf of the community in order to achieve fair or equal
treatment or gain the needed resources

Roles:

 Speaking for the people and representing them to those in authority

 Protecting those who are vulnerable
 Creating support to enhance social functioning
 Protecting and advancing claims or appeals

MEDIA AND ADVOCACY

Media - an effective communication tool which greatly aids in advocacy and fighting for
positive change in society.

Empowerment and Advocacy are social democratic practices that enable people to overcome
barriers and contribute to practice a focus on social justice.

Participatory Development

PARTICIPATION is the action partaking, having or forming part of the substance, quality, or
nature of something or person
 PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT is the engagement of the matter of population in
development projects. It emphasizes the value of self-reliance, sustainable development, and
social justice .

BENEFITS

 Involvement of people
 Enhanced sustainability
 Sense of ownership and responsibility

SOCIAL MOVEMENT PERSPECTIVE

the type of participation wherein the people are mobilized to eliminate unjust hierarchies of
knowledge, power, and economic distribution.

INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

type of participation that uses the inputs and opinions of relevant groups in a community to
serve as the factor to attain one’s goal.

4 STAGES OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT

EVALUATION STAGE

IMPLEMENTATION STAGE
STEP 04
DESIGN STAGE
STEP 03
RESEARCH STAGE

STEP 02

STEP 01
 PLANNING is an essential part of participatory development.
CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES:
• The Center for People Empowerment and Governance
• The Local Government Foundation
• Galing Pook Foundation

Gender Equality
refers to both men and women being equally treated in terms of rights, benefits, obligations,
resources, protection, and opportunities

AREAS EXPLORED IN TERMS OF GENDER EQUALITY

1. Economic participation
2. Educational attainment
3. Health and survival
4. Political Empowerment

GENDER INEQUALITY
the unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially
constructed gender roles
FORMS
● Women work longer than men
● Inequality in Employment and Earnings
● Ownership Inequality
● Survival Inequality
● Gender Bias in the Distribution of Education and Health
● Gender Inequality and Freedom of Expression
● Gender Inequality with Respect to Violence and Victimization
 METHODOLOGIES AND APPROACHES OF
COMMUNITY ACTIONS AND INVOLVEMENTS ACROSS
DISCIPLINES

PARTNERSHIP
arrangement where different people and organizations work together, address shared concerns, and pursue common
interest

4 STAGES OF PARTNERSHIP

COMMUNITY PROFILING

- Presents an overview of the community at a certain period in time

NEEDS ASSESMENT
- a planning process conducted to determine and address the needs of a group

COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP
Described as less hierarchical and often based on voluntary actions, serving as an instrument for change
The Leadership Community Theory stresses that “leadership should be seen not only as position and authority, but
also as an emergent, interactive dynamic.”
PARTICIPATORY ACTION an approach that uses different means to address issues identified by a community