Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AE
AE
AE
5J+N&J>G+:'>:NJ=+=M1J>
9<:MM*,H1I77,9(LFM3%I2=13F0/H'1<
)'L;I=>IH9.JJN17O2:*5II.%L7F%4<-9JN'IO6&*5KM);G42>-='2KG11GI+>O07JM(<I
.(24>8..0=33)L&%O(J4(///0;=&<*&0J+ON0M+<%&H67(M+
99)2L%99I:9)6.H;*;2N6'O,<.G;,3+90%.+),IF(O)6/9M<,J70')6L86<8L*FH
&-M)</(0986NGJ(.KN<=&==58F.;9F<'M6FG3:M=(/28.9*3)&I1(J<7-').(J
O5M*,K5;>=-J-JH(=,3M61F(%/F:>J(43*93<2%'=7=,O<08'7-/.G
O;01=I5**8'2/:-/J+L(;%24
K;+*,=(&)G>*=7.*5.,9+6MO+I-=&F>H/9/&N436)F/F(FN+J(J(JN1
.)%86K2*0&,7.66)0.H%9;5H78,6F82*M()-9JJ<N+G-8>3*(1
=+IM'3L%-;(F*'G0,6;JL8+9)9F79)<N*I*L)&MJ4+3);M%&M
9<8K%*4(KF6-.8F/H-+=:;--1(%J>=LG4>9)/;59G3
O*I%).<
8.KKGJ+NLL
0O.*<MKJ.-58/0=&-%651JF16JGH;,N&KH:&+-'3-43-51J'>32KH<I>*M1
>&3:<)3&;5/8FG7(1.>LH6+/30II42IO&2'>
/+*-7I.ON-HJ
/M>>20/O)L>-/)K/5&69G;>=.N+1&<MM>+;+5L,6-=N'IN67*-59
7.N
M4I0IFN*'I-14(N45LK9
IF=+'<(%I*3112;&4.O9=F);2'18,>0(,;:-+J=;M'571
=3JO/J,'&MM,'0M,H:-,3(;KF0K1016943*M3:L6N.9JF/O<FJ.>/
5(&:%6N51
1I/;3&'
6K5)
,,F+51)&K'+:22%=IN6
;M1,+K1J:K<K;H;K.H&2)&5*)JM97=)K3)'&8O10%;H04,4;N
L84;HH3NNL,597;6I
O233*92
&F624*M&%I%J2LL(&%998IG9*08M/9)OM61F>N0*3OK;LI4/-==,.8+,:/NG/7&J9*:)
G*1.HK87N:<9FOMM/<
2O.;'F9F,/623/%N'9*)N5-'K-LG6''2%L8<%I;)-7.4KF
:1=I,)>-,6&H&9:5H3M/514&..>975/I'4.5>;*OI80F%.O>5
9OH'4K27;H-
;H')9//;
F,9;(JN)LKHJN:NFJ181,L3F'N(*
*5;15
)40.5JOOM'-29'37%4N>&/M-L6+:H&0H
O+.L1,I0&>KHGKG.O7%O:L34M3-:
2,95%+1(&,2<JI333(2M=(6(14F2I(>H
95>4JL'J;)9KH%+),O%,0=O,;1;99'85:23K/M&6(->3HKJ2OO.;3>268)OM
:24K;>G%4
28L81,-'M7.'5G/(-<+,-.:L95
>4H>L)N<;L7<OG5
&1HL6'1+:O&%H/&9
2*=;(((M.'N&</,')9:>0F9:KJ*6>8F=(7L6%-&+
N%
,-J'-6*)IMKI'G>7,J-=1',9K:9.G6%=)0IO%
;=2I%2O+;&I2.,84&=,%;))*.)8%I41(7<)F%,N;2G8O)4HM(99
<;LL9NLO5;1%/&5<*73
O5K90JNLI:MJ;&(%&*OF:/,(FK;9*8<55+4N:M,JO=G=.;M7=2,%1;IG2G;>'+HF
O8
N2*)NF4HKNH;2>
2HF&1<:5--4)L39JI5>=O7L%GH6H>2:0)IJ.O07>.LI-JK)O2;O7%8650*3'6M.
F958'&'F6/
+/=F&<10<628,M&<M=HO<4LMM2FIF,621'L(*H136&)/HG52.KI:M-
4>8)(86F;:=NL(/<%%(OMKF*5<7>F::,)0/:FJ7)%78(6&3(9O51GF5<LL
2>I-+F=)6*8,6J*F'J<K.=J61(J80&098IJ5)G-9<*2F490;'1;=3/'M;IGM9=H
%K),65;6'F)*0=8IK14<<&2>+'3)I*7O9%(2FO=-
9MF7F,I,4-(==49:3636,F%/.O97&)/,+2=<+&)2J8IOI0LIHG077N0<&3-K-9<JGI
G1O+1,0*<3<',&HH9/6HI013J)(K
84M5049,I:8JOK:9
(588G)4OI+'>,N;H6>87GH84MO*.F)8<.(774+*1)&OM:'20LJ'/%1</1;.&'4'-JL,;(.
%-83G=8)(K1'G*=M<3:>F,3&28/:.FJ.-(H=+&G9O*7,-)4.K8-%<M%,6-9,1+
L3/J2L0>;JJ8,.47H>0L30O8:&-'+6/-:FJGMJ5*3+1K%42I9+)M>L,/69133L/N=
MJ46
*=O8GJHI*&;J.6J=59*IM,I23F%<G;
=F2G711
M7)G=<*&.MM'L&4,K5>6221
2+H.H,(I(94<74:2F
.3N:OOJ)+55)L8I7GHI&7.
203J-94/
/9'H=+544/<-6671)N)0)F)25='.HI<3M:O59L375%N(:K
)*&2L.<427.<(/HN/8%7,5/416=77
FM:/0%&:-;'*
4N)K)0N1)2HKM..:>535)I>-2:/0J0-*7<-LLL21I(>=MIJGKL9(:(3-78H*
0)N5*>63<)O-39,FK0K+&<L5G%)()&.&KKNN.-J&.5G3.'&80O:0/5L
9(M7=<8*-%5G/=)&:F+3*)J8G0)J&
HO/=JO1:
'1H%-H&'8>K4
%9=.IGI)&*<<L
,-4(><+9'<3NN>5/=7*/8FOH;49-LG&8/:*.H;M7/48H713-(
KH/330,L/JIM'H1&H
J=/%,,HN/L2*%4=9
I*O;
59J1%F>;2>I,4KH+J&)54<6;FM7G-M&0,FF0'L1
F64%':L+<'09*.%%34+<)O/:'M%'>.5'+9L==J>//6L04&K38%39.(>-9*0<+FM>>38+*)9/
&4O&63MM2
0M(H9<(;:8)6*+O6(F&/K4=1-
-H+G;'2=5:;54JM8KH%(4M;;K%N5N%<(H/M%=,')8%/O7(
N60,'04I/864G9GK,H14-7'O/0*:I=2IG6LN=
3=3+=F';2%4,OK=8)N9JO-='2N=3J5F&:6J3I6
8J16*(GM7-+<1'9N9>0M*J>0&)9>'OJ+LI5M)2
(&I1
12,1=F,-3-',KF(9N:&.O'%=3I)-&1<24
38K&)05.F>KIM
HK;;+
5:7N;((H-H.4L.:29I7
G-&)0<JG%F>:'O%JG84N>(MN*0N.H;M.5
K/--(M,
IMJ&%F)5=0G,(6,%L4>N<.1I20)%28NLO4.I2>;-*38G4N6K4G8%I<1/4O/'
:-5%0MK>F9.
H3.4'I(O>OIK-'2%%L3.H.N1II,*O.-.::6)*<I>=(N(/5=M6>3*G-+3:+I&610IL
5OK6OJNNM3
I<
OI65OM78=;)/JO+-)*
'(8(L:+2=0K*6.IF::-OK/KM4;;'9I
M.L)++H1)'1
G4GG1.KK2+G.IKKM&F5:F+H'<
G55O)I(';G1FLOG7.2>=/F%0<O-6(&HF%36L;*4=M)8),%)MH,F'K>)K
HL%0*+(M=(%L-((L.5L9F57/33>MG39(O8%<,
:3&O0F*.H,5O2'44+,2J0M*I/.=MHJ98OG.9NG1,2<4..J*=)F9FJKF005
-1=&=G&7I)4=2L5=16I5.8'91:=;<M(LF7N6<6F*0-L4J8%G;%>/JNK&%09,4(<3/
GGG73>909II9&75GH.F
65.OJ8+N36
F(<N:+>/H(3=HJ9G
--.O&O2O,7*1'=2)6
<7GG13)>4GKI6(9%,2;K*1GLI,N%O'81J5LI81NO/64I.%+4F6/0I)%-*;5
3-&<8F
K7'=OH326<F/:J+O7
;.8;31'.-/.<8&8.0IO06I/,>H61&5L=(<%NO,1I*&1N,KN:F5';ML'9GH4/+9)
56(7615G*NH6>,-'M=14)3%J&9>7&&NHIM
K-1M,LLO<2&,=81)61I6%+'9>.K:MO;'%2(:>(F&+>8(
<45*('G%+8'%O*
</012/.2*;/)/K6,'N5+F82M6O::4KJ4(NMG0::&2+3+3,:&2.G4<4--5K4H+-J6,L<.
7>:(:4:
35HNN0:1
4K'I>
9>*HH50>3:<8:>7
)94.'-3,:J;L*/HK33((;)*;='OG:=L,J>=
'8''79FM+O(NKOF.O=%
>K;02MOM01J&J2:F75%LF1-*:>6
002.J9*248;)M,39:
;'=21>N+22-8/H2LN065L/N(F%52M5L;%2=K876'.F.+(7
/&6-:)=H9L*1/067%8=)N6)1'
>;77J=3
,L.62)4<*0*<1M:&F43:.(,&2G+7OI>-/4<F0IK<O6,&0NK/=2%O85MGMOL;N
F:OF152%234L7<(=7<,>1I=I:7L&86&.'F4GI<K
=<L3
3/==(8546J:2,-2-IL241<6)'O*5>N'4N(=JO2>G7,2>,J5:H8012)*8<
5+37+.9IM9)/1)287OMJG9<)=17H:(;183>O
:/0;GJ
,7MLK*%
JN9,;5/KJ)3N=J,,)2*GJ*%-9=,9/K,ON)0
2.-31L3'KJ'%/.7&44F'/5M<17
85-I:H4MO(.<&,45+H1)4',>0MG8M*O:64:/9I/4.+++GJM8=)3*O0
G)78L::>'1<*L32OJ*NM9>)6KHO56%N
M<7'%9=/>:67(,&3N,K==O9N
F.H
5&5
;8*.'3%%N+J;;+18045':'3<<%/H
(;),)K9&:H0(+56IH'5N58KMO02&61</I9('K)&1+;'-.7-<''M8=--<G-><(08G(1:N;&
GN32&8*NG73NN/50
(<9767,%MO1F-HI&4/>OL:6:IHH.7;>=-4I+KIJ+N5
6)I1
',I;N<:=:&G<-<20KIL'(M*(K+6N=HM,,NL/HO528'J1O-5;'FI)KH1=>-71N*'KF%3:2
-/%K)>HK4)
*-7%;F09NNFMG(=F)8(=0&(::>:N
5:.;>8.(91%H
0O;.L0:&;9OK='*-N0M5N&18NG>>;%L+/IILM<''&J*;>M=%NK*G++.'>=*J3K:
5L'O:*4*L+>L1;4)6N2,23,,L83N(,.1%=(9K,F6O)LF5)3G5KO/2+78O+563=O)/
6/9G+6H(,8(+N8(HOL&*8J-HI4I-7*364><J1
7+JO)F41J0F/10).;(J'&LK0-J:'9)*2)('.
,2N26M4/K*';'1,)3>2*,/*../MM0N*LI;%9JM+L>+5.(4'+HK(>>
2)-M,LG(MKH;1G7L&4:7933MK,4(17.K5J))&JG/>:H*3'=+4,F37)K17F3M5.
>)8KG77=J/6*
6>,'7
,M'628',,I0><&GG(J&+)M'N:6G0HNK&4.I4N0IH1O+&L.26.-6JF/)%5)(&;:K6-
&)727=I;)'90J.NI
*56**
21IM9.K+5>G)-H0H.)4/3K/+G7-MH'307N1%9&G</O5(65>F.H.0<.4:F/<L.)
.3J7O0:N+>'L*)N23
+M22&/OO<,8OK8H;+
2%M*5&L',)L9G%M>I<5JK>J-;+MJ;=87;9<+<GLJ;4L/;-6I;
%.'=<>/<:339H2O0+7J>:/.
86O)
L5NL*KI,1IIK
;5&3=7)>L(2<;MLG/O=;M9*.&:L
(92>8.5G')K9M813>)512:.>M*%F,0O88*G029=6)8(1MG;GL<FO8-5L
67L4>>=:<8%%(1/FI5M+OH->HH5->K-2
4*4FIO&:-<51)FO%0.1(N;(L3.6/(')
*9;7:K5G3;%N1I=%-,.*G%.-%61,M18>&IN5,8,-,=L-H,,:&5I(&L=;'%IM69'1
/&7++611/3LN:)5&L:7;:,F6=G:0)
+*<-0.OO0-N;088)-K/)91.O&:7=)5,9==KI'+&K0
=1
'.,>6M>/>'*NJJH4FI1-'NHG4-I./<L89-/HNG1N*'+&=6>&7:->9H6
:&:.MH:20H)
L;5L<<'+>N:H*5=&:.9F:K>
18L4.FH&&09K&1*)9OKL*KI5:2:I<IM
32L<.5&L8M',)%8=LK.'81J8M0:8'81/N+:G
17+F
4HMN%58=K/
38-,(O;7H9
69+25O5G8;H'0:+I
H;/%<G;/HF,J.2'3':(57;O.LH--G+1IF:2-%H>:1'M7IK%4LMH.J2:*9G5>.&N/
NG*81IN-,:.
'3,F:9(