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Medical Technology 1st Semester - 2023

Test for Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology

Name: Date:
Year and Section: Score:

TEST I (Multiple Choice) Structure of the cells, mitosis, meiosis, and cell abnormalities.
Instructions: Read each question carefully, and then CIRCLE THE ANSWER that best fits
the question. If you have questions, raise your hand and ask your teacher.

1.What is the basic unit of life?

A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Cell
D. Tissue

2.Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in a cell?

A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus

3. What is the genetic disorder characterized by the absence of an X chromosome in

females, leading to various physical and developmental abnormalities?

a) Turner syndrome
b) Klinefelter syndrome
c) Down syndrome
d) Cri-du-chat syndrome

4. Which of the following statements best describes the concept of cytogenetics?

a) Study of cell structure and function

b) Examination of cellular metabolism
c) Analysis of the number and structure of chromosomes
d) Investigation of cell membrane composition

5. If a cell lacks ribosomes, how might it affect its functioning?

A. Increased energy production

B. Impaired protein synthesis
C. Enhanced waste elimination
D. Improved cell division

6. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells, focusing on structural differences.

A. Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.

B. Animal cells have chloroplasts; plant cells do not.
C. Plant cells have a nucleus; animal cells do not.
D. Animal cells have a large central vacuole; plant cells do not.

7. Assess the impact of a malfunctioning lysosome on cellular function.

A. It would enhance energy production.

B. It would disrupt protein synthesis.
C. It would increase waste elimination.
D. It would lead to improved cell division.

8. Evaluate the importance of the cytoskeleton in maintaining cell structure and supporting
cellular functions.

A. The cytoskeleton is not essential for cell function.

B. The cytoskeleton only provides shape to the cell.
C. The cytoskeleton is crucial for maintaining cell structure and supporting various cellular
activities.
D. The cytoskeleton is primarily involved in energy production.

9. Which process involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells, each
having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
a) Meiosis
b) Fertilization
c) Mitosis
d) DNA replication

10. What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a) Mitosis results in four daughter cells, while meiosis results in two.
b) Mitosis involves two cell divisions, while meiosis involves only one.
c) Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis leads to genetic variation.
d) Mitosis occurs in gamete formation, while meiosis occurs in somatic cell division.

ANSWER KEY:

1. C. Cell
2. B. Mitochondrion
3. A.
 4. C.
5. B. Impaired protein synthesis
6. A. Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.

7. B. It would disrupt protein synthesis.

8. C. The cytoskeleton is crucial for maintaining cell structure and supporting various
cellular activities.
9. C. Mitosis
10. C. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis leads to genetic
variation.

TEST II. TRUE OR FALSE (Types of cell and Types of cell division)
Read the statements carefully and tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.
UNDERLINE TRUE in the blank before each statement if the statement is correct and
FALSE if otherwise.​

1. True or False: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

2. True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall.
3. True or False: Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.
4. True or False: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
5. True or False: Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each
with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
6. True or False: Cytokinesis is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell’s cytoplasm
divides, creating a cleavage furrow.
7. True or False: In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell
cycle.
 8. True or False: During prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes
condense.
9. True or False: In anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids separate and move towards
opposite poles of the cell.
10. True or False: Telophase is the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and
interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
and two nuclei are formed.

Answer key:
1. True: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
2. False: Animal cells do not have a cell wall, but plant cells do.
3. True: Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.
4. True: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
5. True: Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half
the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
6. True: Cytokinesis is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell’s cytoplasm divides,
creating a cleavage furrow.
7. True: In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
8. True: During prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes
condense.
9. True: In anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite
poles of the cell.
10. True: Telophase is the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in
which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei
are formed.

TEST III (Essay) 5 pts.

Answer the question to the best of your knowledge. Write your answer to the space provided
for the Question.
Explain the basic process of cell division. What are the two main types of cell division, and what
distinguishes them?

Possible answer:

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. The
two main types of cell division are mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, a single cell divides into two
identical cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This type of cell
division is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. On
the other hand, meiosis is a special type of cell division that occurs in the formation of gametes
(sperm and egg cells). It involves two sequential divisions and results in cells with half the
number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis is crucial for sexual reproduction,
introducing genetic diversity among offspring.

TEST IV. Label the parts of the prokaryotic cell. (Label 5 parts only). 5 pts
Answer: