SUPER CAPACITORS IN EV

22 November 2023

Guide: Prof. Sujith Kumar T P Presented by: VISHNU PRASAD P V

Dept.: Electronics and Communication Roll No: 48
Class: S7 ECE2
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structure of Supercapacitors
3 Working of Supercapacitors
4 Types of Supercapacitors
5 Supercapacitor in EVs
6 Small Distance Transport System
7 Supercapacitors in Regenerative Breaking
8 Quick Acceleration
9 Supercapacitors and Conventional Batteries
10 Hybrid battery system
11 Advantage of Hybrid Battery System
12 Limitations
13 Conclusion
14 References
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Introduction

What is a Capacitor?
What is Superapacitor?
Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, are
advanced energy storage devices that store and release energy via the movement of ions
within an electrolyte.
How can Supercapacitors used in EVs?

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Structure of Supercapacitors

figure 1

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Working of Supercapacitors

figure 2

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Types of Supercapacitors

Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs).

Pseudocapacitors.
Hybrid Capacitors.
Graphene based Supercapacitors.
Carbon Nanotube based Supercapacitor.

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EDLC

Most Common Supercapacitor.

Work Based on Electrostatic Charge Separation.

figure 3

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Pseudocapacitors

Charge Storage Electrochemically.

High Energy density comparing EDLC.
Slow Charge and Discharge .
Metal oxides or Conducting polymers as electrode.

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Hybridcapacitor

Store Charge in both Electrostatically and Electrochemically.

High Power density .
High Energy density.

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Graphene Based Supercapacitors

It is basically EDLC with Graphene

Electrodes .
▶ High conductivity.
▶ More flexible.
▶ More mechanical strength.
▶ Fast charging and discharging.

figure 4

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Carbon Nanotube Based Supercapacitor
Carbon nanotube-based supercapacitors use tiny, cylindrical structures made of carbon
(carbon nanotubes) known for their strong and conductive nature.

figure 5
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Applications

Renewable energy systems.

▶ Supercapacitors help renewable energy systems, like solar and wind power, by storing extra
energy during high production and releasing it when needed, ensuring a stable and reliable
power supply.
Consumer Electronics.
Industrial Machinery.
▶ used for Industry machinaries which need instanneous power.

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Supercapacitor in EVs

Main application of Supercapacitor is it can be used in EVs and Transport systems.

With the help of Supercapacitor we can achieve Small distance Transport system,
Regenerative breaking,Quick Acceleration an Hybrid Batteries

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Small Distance Transport System

There are Electric buses and Metro systems which use Supercapacitors as Main Energy
Source.
In China they operate Supercapacitor based Tram system which can travel up to 5 km in
one charge which can be done in 30 seconds.

figure 6 figure 7

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Supercapacitors in Regenerative Breaking

What is Regenerative Breaking?

▶ Regenerative braking is a technology that
recovers and stores the kinetic energy
generated during braking and
deceleration.
Supercapacitors serve as energy storage
device in Regenerative Breaking system.

figure 8

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Quick Acceleration

Provide a quick burst of power during acceleration.

It is because of High Power density of Supercapacitor.
Supercapacitor get charged using Regenerative breaking.

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Supercapacitors and Conventional Batteries

Supercapacitor Li-ion battery

High power density Low power density
Low energy density High energy density
Used in highpower applications Used in consumer electronics
Light and compact Heavier
Fast charging and discharging Slow charging and discharging
Table: Supercapacitors and Conventional Batteries

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Hybrid battery system
Combination of Li-ion battery and Supercapacitor.
Companies like Toyota,Mazda and Lamborghini have EVs with Hybrid battery.

figure 9

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Components in Hybrid Battery system

Propulsion System
Motor Control and Inverter
Proposed Integrated Heating and Bidirectional Converter
Battery Module

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Advantage of Hybrid Battery System

More efficent.
Works in wide range of Temperature.
Extended life.
High Power Density.
Enhanced Performance in Quick acceleration.
Efficient Energy Recapture (Regenerative Braking) .

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Limitations

Cost Considerations.
Complex Control Systems
▶ Managing the charging and discharging of both the lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor in
a hybrid system can be complex.
Technology Maturity
▶ Supercapacitor technology is continually evolving, and its integration with lithium-ion
batteries is still an area of ongoing research and development
In Supercapacitor Powered Trams and Bus the range is very low .

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Conclusion

What is Supercapacitors and different types of Supercapacitors

How Supercapacitors can be used in EVs

Advantage and Limitation of Supercapacitor based EVs

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References

[1] R. M. Reddy, M. Das, and N. Chauhan, “Novel battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy

storage system for wide ambient temperature electric vehicles operation,” IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2023. doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2023.3237860.
[2] A. Morandi, A. Lampasi, A. Cocchi, et al., “Characterization and model parameters of
large commercial supercapacitor cells,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021.
doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3053626.
[3] M. E. Şahi, F. Blaabjerg, and A. Sangwongwani, “Modelling of supercapacitors based on
simplified equivalent circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020. doi:
10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2021.00003.

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Thank you!

THANK YOU
Questions?

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