What about the electric charge?

elementary space
position In elements In space
type Charges are real Charges are
hypothetical
sign Negative for electron Positive signs
Positive for proton and
positron (hole)
Quantity(magnitude) 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶 +1 C
effect Internal inside the cell External
external between ; two between:1two
elementary charges or one space charges
elementary and one space :2 One
elementary and
one space
Coulomb's law
Electrostatic force
Define; 1-coulomb 2-coulombs law
𝑑𝑞
Coulomb: 𝑖 =
𝑑𝑡

It is the quantity of charge moving in a wire in

interval of time 1 second when the current is one
ampere.
Coulomb law→ coulomb force is the force between
two charges separated by a distance r
1
𝑓 ∝ 𝑞1 𝑓 ∝ 𝑞2 𝑓∝
𝑟2
𝑞1𝑞2
𝑓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 2
𝑟
Constant :electrostatic constant kc N.𝑚2 / 𝑐 2
1
Kc= =8.99×109
4𝜋𝜖ₒ
ϵₒ : permittivity of space=8.85×10−12
1 ԛ1ԛ2
F= 𝑁
4𝜋𝜖ₒ 𝑟 2