Bagus rama dharma manu

9803022017
INTRODUCTION
Semantics,
is a branch of linguistics which studies about meaning in language.
Shortly, semantics concerns the study of meaning.

There is relation among a word and the other words in semantics.

It is called meaning relation.
Basically, the principle of meaning relation/sense relations consists of
four major fields, such as synonymy, antonymy, polisemy, and
hyponymy.
antonymy
Antonymy is oppositeness of meaning between a word and
the other word or among words in the same part of speech,
such as:
good-bad (adjective-adjective);
fast-slowly (adverb-adverb).
a n t o n y m y

THREE KINDS
- gRADABLE aNTONYMY
- COMPLEMENTARY ANTONYMY
- rELATIONAL ANTONYMY
TYPES/KINDS OF ANTONYMY

Gradable Antonymy
This type describes something which can be measured and compared with something else.

There is scale or space exist between hot and cold, it is warm.

Examples :

Wet-Dry Young-Old

Easy-Difficult Big-Small

Long-Short
TYPES/KINDS OF ANTONYMY
There are three characteristics of gradable antonymy :

1.Antonymy are gradable

: If something is not A, then it is not merely B, it can be C or D or E or etc. For example,

the term for the size which is neither big nor small is medium. And between the two
extremes of temperature hot and cold, there are warm and cool,

2. Antonymy is graded against different norms

: There is no absolute criterion by which we may say something is wet or dry, long or
short, big or small. In this case, there is no such absolute requirement to make a
standard of something to say in what grade they should be placed.

3. Very often one is marked and the other unmarked of gradable antonymy
: The unmarked member is more neutral than the marked one and it is used in
questions of degree. For example : we ask “How old are you?” rather than” How young
are you? “
TYPES/KINDS OF ANTONYMY

Complementary Antonymy
Different from the first type. If something is A, then it is not B. If something is X, then it is Y.
Complementary antonymy is the meaning of the word is absolute, not relative, there is only
one possibility of meaning which is fixed, there is no intermediate ground between two of
them.

Examples :

On-Off Alive-Dead

Yes-No Input-Output
TYPES/KINDS OF ANTONYMY

Relational Antonymy
According to the name of this type, between the two words have the relation. For instance,
parent and child. Someone can’t be called parent if she/he doesn’t have child, and vice versa.
Examples :

Husband-Wife Parent-Child
 WHAT IS THIS TOPIC ABOUT?

h o m o n y m y
The relationship between homonyms, or words that are spelled or
pronounced in the same way.
HOMONYMY

homonymy
The word 'homonym' comes from the Greek word
'homonymos' which means 'having the same name'.
The prefix 'homo' means the same, and the suffix 'nym'
means name.
Therefore, homonyms are two words that look and/or
sound exactly alike or two words which can have the
same spelling or pronunciation, but very different
meanings.
HOMONYMY
examples of homonymy :

* to understand which word is said, you have to understand

context clues, rather than just relying on the pronunciation
or spelling of the word itself.
THANKS!
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