Determinants

Determinants are always Square

Scalar Value
Representation
Determinant of 1x1 and 2x2
The value of is

A. 2a2

B. 0

C. -3

D. 3
The value of is

A. 2

B. -1

C. 0

D. cos2θ
Minors
Cofactor

Cij = (-1)i + j Mij

Expanding / Opening Determinant

Expanding w.r.t R1
Determinant Value of 3x3
Determinant Value of 3x3
Cofactor Property

In a determinant the sum of the product’s of the element’s of

any row (column) with their corresponding cofactor’s is equal
to the value of determinant.
Cofactor Property
Shortcut (Rule of Sarrus)
Shortcut (Rule of Sarrus)
Properties of Determinants

1. |AT| = |A|
2. |I| = 1
3. If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be interchanged, the
value of determinant is changed in sign only.
Properties of Determinants

4. If row or columns are rotated in cyclic order then value of

determinant is unchanged
5. If a determinant has any two rows (or columns) identical, then its
value is zero.
Properties of Determinants

6. Scalar multiplication: Scalar will be multiplied in any one row (or

column)
Properties of Determinants

7. |kA| = kn |A|, where n is order of A.

8. The value of a skew symmetric determinant of odd order is zero.

Properties of Determinants

9. Adding Determinants

=
Properties of Determinants

10. Splitting Determinants

Properties of Determinants

11. | AB | = |A| |B|

12. If det(A) = 0, then A is known as singular matrix.

Properties of Determinants

13. The value of determinant remains same if we apply elementary

transformation

R1 ⟶ R1 + kR2 + mR3 or C1 ⟶ C1 + kC2 + mC3

Prove that
The solutions of the equation =0

A. π/12, π/6

B. π/6, 5π/6

C. 5π/12, 7π/12

D. 7π/12, 11π/12
 If det(A) = 192 then x ∈

A. [62, 63)

B. [65, 66)

C. [60, 61)

D. [68, 69)
Special Determinants
System of Linear Equation

1 Determinant Method (Cramer’s Rule)

2 Matrix Method (Gauss- Jordan Method)

Cramer’s Rule

a1x + b1y + c1z = d1

a2x + b2y + c2z = d2
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3

a1 b1 c1
D= a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3

d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1
D1 = d2 b2 c2 D2 = a2 d2 c2 D3 = a 2 b2 d2
d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3
Cramer’s Rule
Important Terms

i. Consistent: solution exists (unique or infinite solution)

ii. Inconsistent: solution does not exist (No solution)
iii. Homogeneous equations: constant terms are zero
iv. Trivial solution: all variables = zero i.e., x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.
Homogeneous Linear Equations

a1x + b1y + c1z = 0 D1 = D2 = D3 = 0

a2x + b2y + c2z = 0
a3x + b3y + c3z = 0
The system of equations
kx + y + z = 1
x + ky + z = k
x + y + zk = k2
has no solution, if k is equal to -

A. 0

B. 1

C. -1

D. -2
For the system of linear equations
x - 2y = 1
x - y + kz = -2
ky + 4z = 6, k ∈ R
Consider the following statements:
1. The system has unique solution if k ≠ 2, k ≠ -2
2. The system has unique solution if k = -2
3. The system has unique solution if k = 2
4. The system has no solution if k = 2
5. The system has infinite number of solutions if k ≠ -2
Which of the following statements are correct?

A. 2 & 5 only

B. 3 & 4 only

C. 1 & 4 only

D. 1 & 5 only
If the system of equations
kx + y + 2z = 1
3x - y - 2z = 2
-2x - 2y - 4z = 3
has infinitely many solutions, then k is equal to -
The value of k ∈ R, for which the following system of linear
equations
3x - y + 4z = 3
x + 2y - 3z = -2
6x + 5y + kz = -3
Has infinitely many solutions is :

A. 3

B. -5

C. 5

D. -3
 For the system of linear equations

2x + 4y + 2az = b

x + 2y + 3z = 4

2x + 5y + 2z = 8

Which of the following is NOT correct ?

A. It has unique solution if a = b = 6

B. It has infinitely many solutions if a = 3, b = 6

C. It has infinitely many solutions if a =3 , b = 8

D. It has unique solution if a = b = 8

Thank You #VCians