Chapter 5: Transformations that preserve size and shape

A transformation: is a function that changes the position, size, or shape of a figure or graph.

Preimage: The image of a graph or shape before it is taken through a transformation. (original)

Image: The new (transformed) shapes are called images

An isometry is a transformation that preserves length, angle, and area. Because of these
properties, isometries produce congruent images. A rigid transformation is another name for
an isometry.

1- Translation (slide): (x, y) → (x + a, y + b)

Draw the figure with the given vertices. Then draw its image after a translation by the given
vector.

1. A(4, -2), B(1, -1), C(-3, 2); vector 〈−2, 5〉

2. A(1, 4), B(4, -3), C(-3, -2), D(-1, 3); vector 〈2, −3〉

Give the component form of a vector that maps △JKL to △J′K′L′

J(−5, 2), K(−1, −3), L(1, 5) J(3, 6), K(4, -1), L(6, 2)
J′(−3, −1), K′(1, −6), L′(3, 2) J′(6, 7), K′(7, 0), L′(9, 3)
 2- Rotations: turns a figure through an angle of rotation about a point P, such that each point
and its image are the same distance from P. All the angles with vertex P formed by a
point and its image are congruent. The point P is called the center of rotation.

Rotation 90° clockwise: (x, y) → (y, −x)

Rotation 90° counterclockwise: (x, y) → (−y, x)
Rotation 180°: (x, y) → (−x, −y)

Draw the preimage and image of each polygon under the given rotation.

A(-1, 4), B(3, 4), C(2, -1), D(0, 1) Counterclockwise 90°

A(2, 4), B(3, 1), C(3, 0), D(1, -2) Counterclockwise 90°
 3- Reflection: is a transformation across a line, called the line of reflection.

Reflect the figure with the given vertices across the given line. A(1, 3), B(1, 5), C(2, 2); x-axis.

Apply the transformation M to the polygon with the given vertices.

Identify and describe the transformation.
1- M: (x, y) → (x + 1, y − 2)
A(−1, −3), B(2, 2), C(−2, −1)
2- M: (x, y) → (−x, −y)
P(0, 0), Q(1, 3), R(3, 3)

Transformation Isometry Image  Preimage

translation yes yes
reflection yes yes
rotation yes yes
dilation no no
Apply the transformation M to the polygon with the given vertices. Name the coordinates
of the image points. Identify and describe the transformation.
1. M (x, y) → (x + 4, y − 3)
A(3, 10), B(−6, 4), C(−1, −4)