Predictive Maintenance of Solar Vehicles using NLP

and SVM Algorithm

Dr.N Bhoopal1, S. Mani Siddarth Reddy2, N.Jhonson raj3, and M.Vishal14
1
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, B V Raju Institute of Technology,
Narsapur
2,3,4
Student,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, B V Raju Institute of Technology, Narsapur

November 28, 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a predictive maintenance system for solar vehicles using natural language processing
(NLP) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Maintenance logs and sensor data are analyzed using NLP to identify
patterns and anomalies. The SVM algorithm is then used to predict when maintenance is needed to prevent equipment
failure, considering various factors such as weather conditions, driving distance, and battery usage. The proposed system
aims to reduce maintenance costs and prevent breakdowns, ensuring the efficient

operation of solar vehicles.
Introduction
The use of solar energy has become increasingly
popular due to its environmental and economic
benefits. Solar vehicles, which run on solar power, have
the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions
and operating costs. However, like any other vehicle,
solar vehicles require regular maintenance to ensure
optimal performance and prevent breakdowns.
Predictive maintenance, which involves analyzing data
to predict when maintenance is needed, can help reduce
maintenance costs and prevent equipment failure.
Natural language processing (NLP) and machine
learning techniques can be used to analyze maintenance
logs and sensor data to identify patterns and anomalies.
Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm can be used to
make predictions about when maintenance is needed
based on various factors such as weather conditions,
driving distance, and battery usage.
In this study, we aim to develop a predictive
maintenance system for solar vehicles using NLP and
SVM algorithm. The proposed system will help reduce
maintenance costs and prevent breakdowns, ensuring
the efficient operation of solar vehicles.
Solar vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as an
environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative
to traditional fossil-fueled vehicles. Solar vehicles use
energy from the sun to power their electric motors,
which can significantly reduce carbon emissions and
operating costs. However, like any other vehicle, solar
vehicles require regular maintenance to ensure optimal
performance and prevent breakdowns.
Traditional maintenance practices involve scheduling
routine maintenance based on manufacturer
recommendations or relying on driver feedback to
detect issues. However, these methods can be inefficient
and result in unnecessary maintenance or missed
issues. Predictive maintenance, which involves
analyzing data to predict when maintenance is needed,
can provide a more efficient and effective approach.
Natural language processing (NLP) and machine
learning techniques can be used to analyze maintenance
logs and sensor data to identify patterns and anomalies.
By analyzing data from various sensors, including
temperature, voltage, and current, NLP algorithms can
detect anomalies that may indicate potential issues. By
analyzing maintenance logs and identifying patterns,
NLP algorithms can help identify issues that may not be
immediately apparent to drivers or maintenance
personnel.
Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm can be used to
make predictions about when maintenance is needed
based on various factors such as weather conditions,
driving distance, and battery usage. SVM is a powerful
machine learning algorithm that can be trained to
recognize patterns in large datasets. By training the
SVM algorithm on historical data, it can make accurate
1 Corresponding author: Dr.N Bhoopal, bhoopal.n@bvrit.ac.in

1
predictions about when maintenance is needed based
on current conditions.
The proposed system aims to develop a predictive
maintenance system for solar vehicles using NLP and
SVM algorithm. By analyzing maintenance logs and
B V Raju Institute of Technology
sensor data, the system will identify potential issues
before they result in equipment failure. By using SVM
algorithm to make predictions about when maintenance
is needed, the system will help reduce maintenance
costs and prevent breakdowns, ensuring the efficient
operation of solar vehicles.
Methodology
1. Sampling:
Selection of Solar Vehicles:
Identify a fleet of solar vehicles for the study, ensuring
diversity in make, model, and usage patterns.
Data Collection:
Collect historical maintenance records, performance
data, and other relevant information from the selected
solar vehicles.
2. Sample Preparation:
Data Cleaning:
Clean and preprocess the collected data to remove
inconsistencies, outliers, and missing values.
Feature Engineering:
Extract relevant features such as solar panel efficiency,
battery health, and historical maintenance intervals.
3. Preparation of Control Sample:
Control Group Selection:
Define a control group of solar vehicles that will follow
regular, non-predictive maintenance procedures.
4. Measurement Details:
Performance Metrics:
Identify key performance metrics, such as prediction
accuracy, false positives, and false negatives, to evaluate
the effectiveness of the predictive maintenance model.
Instrumentation:
Utilize sensors and monitoring equipment to
continuously measure and record vehicle performance
parameters.
5. Experimental Setup:
Data Splitting:
Split the dataset into training, validation, and test sets
for model development and evaluation.
Algorithm Selection:
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Choose Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques
for unstructured data processing and Support Vector
Machine (SVM) for predictive modeling.
6. Map/Details of Sampling Site or Study Area:
Geographical Scope:
Provide details of the geographical area where the solar
vehicles are deployed, including variations in
environmental conditions.
7. Source of Sample:
Data Origin:
Clearly state the source of the data, including the
specific solar vehicle models and their manufacturers.
8. Ethical Clearance:
Ethical Approval:
Clearly mention if ethical clearance was obtained for
conducting the study, ensuring compliance with ethical
standards in data collection and analysis.
9. NLP and SVM Algorithm Implementation:
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
Implement NLP techniques to analyze textual data, such
as maintenance reports and user feedback.
Support Vector Machine (SVM):
Train and implement SVM algorithms for predictive
maintenance based on historical data and extracted
features.
10. Validation and Testing:
Model Validation:
Validate the NLP and SVM models using the validation
set and fine-tune parameters as needed.
Testing:
Evaluate the final models on the test set to assess their
real-world performance.
11. Results Analysis:
Interpretation:
Interpret the results in terms of predictive maintenance
accuracy and its potential impact on solar vehicle
reliability and efficiency.
Block Diagram:
 Literature Survey
”Predictive Maintenance of Solar Power System based
on Support Vector Machine” by Zhang et al. (2017): This
paper proposes an SVM-based predictive maintenance
model for solar power systems, which uses sensor data
to detect potential faults and predict the remaining
useful life of the system. The model achieves high
accuracy and can be applied to various types of solar
power systems.
”Predictive Maintenance of Solar Vehicles using Machine
Learning Techniques” by Agarwal et al. (2020): This
paper proposes a machine learning-based approach to
predictive maintenance of solar vehicles, which
combines various algorithms such as SVM, Random
Forest, and Deep Learning. The authors use sensor data
to predict the remaining useful life of the solar panels
and detect potential failures in advance.
”Predictive Maintenance of Solar Panel Systems using
Artificial Intelligence Techniques” by Manikandan et al.
(2021): This paper proposes an AI-based predictive
maintenance approach for solar panel systems, which
uses data from various sensors to predict the remaining
useful life of the solar panels and detect potential faults.
The authors use various algorithms such as SVM,
Artificial Neural Network, and Fuzzy Logic to develop a
robust predictive maintenance model.
”Predictive Maintenance of Photovoltaic Solar Energy
Systems using Support Vector Machine and Artificial
Neural Network” by Salinas-Bravo et al. (2018): This
paper presents an SVM and Artificial Neural
Networkbased predictive maintenance model for
photovoltaic solar energy systems. The authors use data
from various sensors to detect and classify faults, as
well as predict the remaining useful life of the system.
The model achieves high accuracy and can be applied to
various types of solar energy systems.
”Smart Predictive Maintenance of Solar Vehicles using
Data Analytics and Machine Learning” by Muralidharan
et al. (2019): This paper proposes a smart predictive
maintenance approach for solar vehicles, which uses
data analytics and machine learning techniques such as
SVM and Decision Trees to predict potential faults and
detect anomalies in the vehicle’s performance. The
authors use data from various sensors and develop a
comprehensive maintenance plan to improve the
reliability and efficiency of the solar vehicle.
Problem Statement
• Solar vehicles rely heavily on the performance of
their solar panels, which can degrade over time due
5. Increase customer satisfaction: Solar vehicle owners will benefit from the system’s ability to predict
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to various factors such as weather conditions and
regular wear and tear.
• Without a reliable maintenance plan in place,
unexpected breakdowns and failures can occur,
leading to increased downtime and maintenance
costs. • Traditional maintenance approaches that rely
on scheduled inspections and replacements can be
inefficient and costly, as they may not account for
individual variations in vehicle usage and solar panel
performance.
• By leveraging NLP and SVM algorithms, it is possible
to analyze sensor data from solar vehicles and predict
potential failures before they occur, allowing for
proactive maintenance and reduced downtime.
• Developing an effective predictive maintenance
model for solar vehicles requires addressing several
challenges, including selecting the most relevant
sensor data to collect, preprocessing and cleaning the
data, and developing accurate and robust algorithms
that can handle the complexity of the data.
Objevtives
1. Enhance the reliability and performance of
solarvehicles: The system aims to reduce the risk of
equipment failure by predicting when maintenance
is needed. This will ensure the efficient operation of
solar vehicles, and minimize the downtime due to
unexpected breakdowns.
2. Reduce maintenance costs: By predicting
maintenance requirements in advance, the system
will enable solar vehicle owners to plan for
maintenance and avoid costly repairs. This will
reduce the overall maintenance costs of the solar
vehicle.
3. Improve safety: Regular maintenance of solar
vehicles is critical to ensure the safety of drivers and
passengers. The predictive maintenance system will
help identify potential issues before they become
serious safety concerns, preventing accidents and
injuries.
4. Optimize vehicle lifespan: By providing timely and
accurate maintenance predictions, the system will
help owners optimize the performance and lifespan
of their solar vehicles. This will increase the vehicle’s
resale value and reduce the need for premature
replacement.
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B V Raju Institute of Technology
maintenance needs accurately, reducing the
likelihood of unexpected breakdowns and
ensuring the vehicle’s smooth operation. This
will increase customer satisfaction and
loyalty.
Algorithm
In the context of solar car maintenance, the SVM
algorithm can be used to analyze large amounts of
sensor data and maintenance logs to predict when
certain components may be at risk of failure. By
training the algorithm on historical data and
identifying patterns in the data, the SVM algorithm
can learn to make accurate predictions about when
maintenance is needed to prevent equipment
failure. For example, suppose a solar car
manufacturer collects data on the temperature and
vibration levels of the car’s battery over time. The
SVM algorithm can be trained on this data to
identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate
when the battery is at risk of failure. The algorithm
can then make predictions about when
maintenance is needed, such as replacing the
battery or adjusting the charging schedule, to
prevent equipment failure. Overall, the SVM
algorithm can be a valuable tool for solar car
maintenance, helping to improve the efficiency of
maintenance operations, reduce downtime, and
lower costs associated with equipment failure.
Graphs
visualize the trends and relationships between the
various features. Here are a few examples of graphs
that could be created from this data: 1. Line chart
of Battery Voltage and Energy Consumption over
time: This graph would show the trend of the
battery voltage and energy consumption over the
course of the recorded dates. This could help
identify patterns in energy usage and battery
health. 2. Scatter plot of Solar Panel Efficiency and
Ambient Temperature: This graph would show the
relationship between solar panel efficiency and
ambient temperature. It could help identify the
optimal temperature range for the solar panels to
operate at maximum efficiency. 3. Bar chart of Tire
Pressure by Road Surface Type: This graph would
show the average tire pressure for each type of
road surface. It could help identify the best tire
REFERENCES
pressure range for each road surface to ensure optimal
driving conditions. 4. Stacked bar chart of Traffic Density and
Brake Pad Wear by Road Surface Type: This graph would
show the percentage of brake pad wear for each road surface
type, stacked on top of the percentage of traffic density for
each road surface type. It could help identify any correlations
between traffic density and brake pad wear on different road
surfaces.
As this is a data table, it may be more appropriate to
present it as a graph or chart to better visualize the trends
and relationships between the various features. Here are a
few examples of graphs that could be created from this data:
1. Line chart of Battery Voltage and Energy Consumption
over time: This graph would show the trend of the battery
voltage and energy consumption over the course of the
recorded dates. This could help identify patterns in energy
usage and battery health. 2. Scatter plot of Solar Panel
Efficiency and Ambient Temperature: This graph would
show the relationship between solar panel efficiency and
ambient temperature. It could help identify the optimal
temperature range for the solar panels to operate at
maximum efficiency. 3. Bar chart of Tire Pressure by Road
Surface Type: This graph would show the average tire
pressure for each type of road surface. It could help identify
the best tire pressure range for each road surface to ensure
optimal driving conditions. 4. Stacked bar chart of Traffic
Density and Brake Pad Wear by Road Surface Type: This
graph would show the percentage of brake pad wear for each
road surface type, stacked on top of the percentage of traffic
density for each road surface type. It could help identify any
correlations between traffic density and brake pad wear on
different road surfaces.
References
[1] Zhang, Y., Lin, J., Yang, L. (2017). Predictive
maintenance of solar power system based on
support vector machine. Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 923(1), 012032.
Link: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-
6596/923/1/012032/meta
[2] Agarwal, P., Sharma, A., Sharma, P.,
Choudhary, P. (2020). Predictive maintenance
of solar vehicles using machine learning
techniques. Procedia Computer Science, 173,
196-203.
Link:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1
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 [3] Manikandan, S., Senthil Kumar, R., Martos, J. (2018). Predictive maintenance of
Kumar, A. S. (2021). Predictive photovoltaic solar energy systems using
maintenance of solar panel systems support vector machine and artificial neural
using artificial intelligence network. Energies, 11(8), 1997.
techniques. Journal of Ambient Link:
Intelligence and Humanized https://www.mdpi.com/19961073/11/8/1997
Computing, 12, 1-11.
Link: [5] Muralidharan, S., Kumar, P. S., Abinaya, G.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s1 (2019). Smart Predictive Maintenance of Solar
2652- Vehicles using Data Analytics and Machine
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[4] Salinas-Bravo, V. M., Trillo-Montero, 197.
D., Garc´ıaS´anchez, T., Ramos-

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