Agriculture: Major crops, Cropping patterns in various parts of the country

• What is Integrated Farming System ? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in
India ? (2022, 15 )

• What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging
technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? (2021, 15 Marks)

Cd- rice wheat -/challenges- msp %for wheat/awareness/risk/

Emerging tech - biotech/nanotech/irrigation tech/AI IOT/infor tech

• What are the major factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success? In
spite of this success how has this system become bane in India? (2020, 15 Marks)
Intro - data about wheat rice and others
GR-HYV/MSP/High demand-staple food/no processing faci/less risk ability
Bane - Soil/water/other crops/nutrition/processing
WF- for diversi = incentivise -msp,HYV,horti,pulses,awareness about soil

• How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production
(2019, 10 Marks)

• How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in
recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption. (2018, 15
Marks)
millets=pros=water/soil/resilience/nutrition/processing/
Why less=

• Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production,
productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the
income of farmers? (2018, 15 Marks)
Intro - %/quantity
seeds/saplings/market stabilisation/processing/awareness
How far = trend/graph

• What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How
crop diversification is helpful to stabilise the yield of the crops in the system? (2017, 15
Marks)
Declining - how much earlier/how much now
Some diseases name
soil/diseases/resistant weeds/water/cc (impact on agri)/
How CD helps - soil/water/risk/fallback/
Crop diversification case study
• How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What
is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small
and marginal farmers? (2017, 15 Marks)

• What is allelopathy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture.
(2016, 12.5 Marks)

Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems

• How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India’s water crisis? (2021,
10 Marks)
Water crisis - drought prone are/losses
Micro irri-how ?

Micro irrigation (MI) (sprinkler, drip) promotes precision farming by making water
available to the root zone of crops leading to 40% Water Savings and 50% increase in
income (Dalwai Panel)

Going forward, MI has to be supported by – Separation of feeder lines, rationalization

of water tariffs, changes in cropping pattern, regulation of ground water etc. to solve
India’s water crisis.

• Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious
use under depleting scenario. (2020, 15 Marks)
Storage - tanks/lakes/harvesting/traditional
Irrigation- micro/water budget/ types of irrig- bamboo-scheduling-sprinkler

• Elaborate the impact of National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production

from water stressed areas. (2019, 10 Marks)
NWP- pcmd/hgj/integrated watershed/PMKSY- Neeranchal National watershed
project
For example, Thummachennupalle watershed in Chittoor district
transformed into a community-owned orchard after NABARD
implemented Neeranchal.
Impact - WuE/IE
numbers?
• What is water-use efficiency? Describe the role of micro-irrigation in increasing the
water-use efficiency.
(2016, 12.5 Marks)
WUE- current
micro-I - how much/case study/per crop …/types/less waste-at source-

Traditional methods to improve water storage and irrigation

​ Jhalaras: They are typically rectangular-shaped stepwells that have tiered

steps on three or four sides.

​ Talabs: These are reservoirs that store water for household consumption and
drinking purposes. They may be natural, such as the pokhariya ponds.

​ Bawaris: These are unique stepwells that were once a part of the ancient
networks of water storage in the cities. The little rain that the region received
would be diverted to this man-made tank through canals.

​ Taanka: It is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique indigenous to the

desert region.

​ Ahar Pynes: These are traditional floodwater harvesting systems indigenous

to regions frequently prone to floods.

​ Johads: These are one of the oldest systems used to conserve and recharge
groundwater, which are small earthen check dams that capture and store
rainwater. It is constructed in an area with naturally high elevation on three
sides.
Storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related
constraints

• What are the main bottlenecks in upstream and downstream process of marketing of
agricultural products in India ? (2022, 15 Marks)

U/s marketing - transportation/infra/costly/middleman/fragmented

D/s marketing- APMC/ infra/mandi charges/monopoly/
How to improve - NAM/eNAM/FPO/

• What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in
India? (2020, 10 Marks)

• There is also a point of view that Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) set up
under the State Acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have
been the cause of food inflation
in India. Critically examine. (2014, 12.5 Marks)

Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and MSP

• What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers
from the low income trap? (2018, 10 Marks)

• Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop
insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
(PMFBY). (2016, 12.5 Marks)

• “In the villages itself no form of credit organisation will be suitable except the cooperative
society.” — All India Rural Credit Survey. Discuss this statement in the background of
agricultural finance in India. What constraints and challenges do financial institutions
supplying agricultural finance face? How can technology be used to better reach and serve
rural clients? (2014, 12.5 Marks)

• What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at
state levels? Critically analyse the agricultural subsidy regime with reference to the
distortions created by it. (2013, 10 Marks)
SEE EDITORIALS SHARED BY VIVEK - BOTH ECON AGRI

How to agri

Latest data
Framework making
v/a= data trends (graph)- ;data sources
Experts names- ashok Gulati
Good keywords - (Mridul)
quotes
Committees- swaminathan,dalwai,shantakumar, sarangi (agri interest subvention) ,
Vidyanathan committee-irrigation,meena kumari - fisheries;anup verma- pesticides; manoj
rajan committee- marketing
Case studies - just 10 ( Mridul)
Good conclusions- Modi
Presentation transformation (especially for agri+int security)- simi karan style
Case study/explaining the term in box- its keywords/graph trend/
Cross-country comparisons
Last time I used mridul’s

Case studies
Apatani tribe - rice fish -integrated farming Towards sustainability: Arunachal’s Apatanis use
a unique, integrated cultivation method; it needs encouragement
Ryathu bandhu, kalia

Precision Irrigation - root zone irri-clay pot buried near root area- with micro tubes -telangana
Narmada(sanchore) - micro irrigation + participatory irrigation
Pani panchayat- odisha
Project Bhujal - Bundelkhand UP - check dams,farm ponds
Water budgeting- Kumbharwadi

Punjabi - 100% metered water

Traditional Irrigation
Johad - haryana
Phad - khandesh
Bamboo drip
Horticulture - strawberry - meghalaya - horti hub development
Floriculture - Dahod
Vegetable - sufal Bangla (reduced volatility of prices #tomato)
Onion - Kanda chawl MH
Jharkhand - matsya mitra

FPO - kannur- rice brand samruddhi

A farmer producer company in the Purandar taluka of Maharashtra’s Pune district
successfully exported to Hong Kong India’s first commercial consignment of 550 kg of
GI-tagged Puranadar figs.

Training - shetishala MH
Mechanisation - Yantradoot MP

Fertilisers -
NOx emission reduction protocol -canada-
Right place/time/source/rate

CLIMATE SMART AGRI

Conservation agri - no burning/carbon sequestration(since no tillage)/less fossil fuel

Integrated FS
Resource cycling/profitability/sustainability
Overcome agro climate and ecological situation
ICAR developed 45 IFS models– dissipated through KVK
Jharkhand matsya mitra

KEYWORDS
Good agronomy
Resource cycling/profitability/sustainability
Sunrise industry

How has the government’s approach towards agri changed?

Production at any cost to farmer income centric approach; PMKISAN
To productivity
To integration
To sustainability – organic
Rationalisation of subsidy
Processing

How can we change from farm to non-farm in the long term?

processing/livestock/agripreneurs/FPO/
ecologically healthy, economically viable and socially inclusive

Diff in crop intensity and productivity?

MSS-
“If agri goes wrong, nothing else will have a chance to go right..

Input Resources
Soil- SHC
Water - PMKSY
Fertilisers
labour
Mechanisation
energy
Allied

DATA

Arable land: 15.78 crore hectare

Number of farmers (operational holdings): 14.65 crore
Average land holding per farmer: 1.08 ha
Agri GDP =
Total production - 330MT (1947- 52 mt;1991 -177 mt )
Employment =
Small - 86%
Women agricultural workers - 73.2% of rural women engaged in farming, only
12.8% own land
How many landless agri workers ?

Area under
rice- 31%
Wheat - 22 (rice +wheat = 53%)
Millet - 8.5
Pulses- 10.5
Sugarcane - 3.5
Horti - 17%
Oilseeds- 17

Average yield ( 2419 kg/hectare ) - china -( 5500)

WATER5/
Rainfed Area 50%
Irrigation Efficiency -
60% tubewell. 30% canal , 5% tanks
Soil

Mechanisation - 40-45% ( us- 95 , brazil 75)

Credit - only 72% access to insti credit/ 86% SM farmers- 40% credit (nabard)/nothing for
tenants/also KISAN not for tenants

Subsidy
Total - 3.75 L cr =(1.4% of GDP)
Fertiliser subsidy - 1.75 L cr
MSP
PDS- 1.97 Lcr
PMKISAN - 60,000 Cr
BUT TOTAL agri SUBSIDY - 2.5% of GDP (subvention,insurance

○ The NITI Aayog cited a study that estimated annual

post-harvest losses close to Rs 90,000 crore.

Challenges in indian agri

1. Credit - only 72% access to insti credit/ 86% SM farmers- 40% credit
(nabard)/nothing for tenants/also KISAN not for tenants
2. 50% agri household indeed - NSO report 2019/intergenerational debt cycle
3. Land fragm
4. Irrigation - 50% ;less land so costly
5. Storage- leads to distress selling/wastage (ES-
6. marketing
7. Policy inconsistency - export - min export price
8. Poor risk mitigation mechanisms

Agri reforms
Tech
Water
Fertiliser- rationalisation
Organic - ZBNF
Credit
Land - pooling/fpo/leasing model act (Budget’19)
Post harvest loss - linkages/processing/EC act
Contract farming
Agri clusters
Inputs delivery
Price stability - processing
Crop diversity-
Extension services
RnD

ISSUE WITH PM KISAN

600 cr - misallocation
● Neglect of lessee cultivators and sharecroppers under PM KISAN.
• Concerns of data inconsistencies in identification of beneficiaries as many states have
incomplete tenancy records and land data are not digitised.
• Failed transactions due to several reasons such as account closed or transferred, invalid
IFSC code, account inactive, account dormant, amount exceeding the limit set on account by
the bank for credit/debit per transaction, among others.
• Difficulties in identifying beneficiaries as there are multiple owners for a single land or a
single owner for multiple landholdings.
• Role of Banks as there are reports that several bank branches adjusted the deposit money
against past liabilities of few farmers

Major Crops - Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country,

Inputs

Seed -
Certified seed availability - only 35- 40%
Low seed replacement rate _ (kitna )

Seed village
Seed banks , seed grids
SATHI - seed authentication traceability and holistic inventory portal
IPVFR act
Seed policy - 2002
Climate smart seeds , fortified seeds
NM on agri extension and tech

Wf- community seeds bank, open source seeds movement

Climate resistant seeds
Enhance seed replacement rate
Credit
1% increase in agri credit leads to 0.3% increase in GDP
50% farmers under debt
Issue
Regional variation

How to inc
eNWR
Joint liability groups
FPO
Remove regional variation

WF - money lenders debt redempiton fund - one time measure - providing long term loans by
banks
Involve ngo - for negotiation - informal moneylenders

Budget’23 - 2 lakh PACS

Insurance

Beed model
Drones for survey

Reasons behind poor insurance coverage despite initiatives

• Non-implementation/suspension of the scheme by some States because of more than
six-fold increase inPMFBY premium; increasing subsidy liability of thegovernment.
• Delays in settlement of farmers’
• Lack of participation from insurance companies in certain clusters like smaller states/UTs
due to low coverage (E.g. Tripura, Meghalaya) and in big clusters like in Maharashtra due to
higher risk level/suminsured.
• Limited training and Capacity Building of stakeholders t
• Other reasons like- Announcement of Debt Waiver Scheme by States; Limited Publicity
and Awareness
on scheme due to low literacy and poor socio-economic conditions of majority farmers
among others.

Soil
SHC - given to ?
Rashtriya krishi vigyan
NM Susta agri (do this in detailed)
Fertigation
Conservation Agri
HORTICULTURE -
17.5 pc area = 27.74 ml
342mton
2nd largest in world
30% of horti FDP
Only 1% of global horti trade

Steps taken -
Horti cluster dev prog - 55 clusters - create cluster specific brands -boost export by 20%
MIDH
5 schemes -NHM/NMNEH/NHB/CDB/CIH

WF
Smart horti - high density plantation, hybrid tech, rootstock tech in fruits

MILLETS

National year of millets was observed in 2018.

• Increase in Minimum Support Price (MSP) to support millet cultivators.
• Supply of seeds and inputs to farmers through farmer producer organizations (FPO’S).
• The 2022-23 Union Budget provided support for post-harvest value addition, enhancing
domestic
consumption and branding of millets, etc.
• Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 mandates supply of millets at least once a week in
midday meal Scheme

PULSES

Challenges
SUSTAINABLE FARMING
Conservation agri
Crop rotation
Agroforestry
Natural farming
Rice intensification
Permaculture
Integrated pest management
Vertical farming
Sustainable sugarcane initiative (SSI)
CLIMATE CHANGE

Green Revolution 2.0: The need for reforms in Agriculture sector of India • Reducing GHG
emissions from the sector.
• Build resiliency against Climate change in
. • Address fallouts of Green Revolution that threaten overall sustainability of India’s food
systems.
• Developing comprehensive policy to deal with persistent issues like low crop productivity,
post-harvest loss, poor water use efficiency, food inflation and volatility in prices, fragmented
landholdings, lower farm mechanisation, scarce public and private investment in agriculture
etc.
• Addressing ‘food–energy– water’ (FEW) nexus (depicts the significant interconnection
between the three essential resources).

Steps taken
Progressive steps taken in India
• Climate resiliency: National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA); National
Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) programme et

• Resource use efficiency: Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana (PMKSY); Soil Health
Cards scheme; Micro Irrigation Fund corpus of Rs. 5000 crore created with NABARD etc.

• Greener approaches: Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana; Promotion of Agricultural

Mechanization for In-Situ Management of Crop Residue in the States of Punjab, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh and NCT of Delhi; Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati Programme (BPKP) etc.

• Other Steps: PM-KUSUM; Promotion of millet production through hike in Minimum support
price (MSP) etc.
WF
Increase Water UE through - SRI, alternate wetting and drying, direct seeded rice (DSR) ,
SSI
Renewable
Subsidies
Wastage less
Nano urea
Agro-ecological approach - nature positive regenerative agri practices
Startups

ORGANIC FARMING
Data ?
2.3 million hectares. (2010 - 0.1 ml ha)

Issue
Low yield - 25% less
Risk
Low organic manure availability
Fragmented market
Certification- costly and complex
Inadequate number of 3rd party accre agencies

PKVY
MOVCDNER - organic value chain for north east
NPOP
PSG
JAIVIK BHARAT

NATURAL FARMING
>10 lakh ha
About National Mission on Natural Farming
• Natural farming is promoted as Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati Programme (BPKP) and
is a sub-mission
under centrally sponsored scheme Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY).
ZBNF
It is a method of chemical-free agriculture drawing from traditional Indian practices based on
4 pillarsJeevamrutha (a soil inoculant made of cow dung, urine, pulse, jaggery, and soil);
Bijamrita (a treatment of seeds
made of similar ingredients to protect them from diseases); Acchadana (mulching); and
Whapasa (soil aeration).
• It was originally promoted by Maharashtrian agriculturist Subhash Palekar and was
introduced in Union Budget
2019- 20.

Regenerative agriculture-
It describes holistic farming systems that, among other benefits, improve water and air
quality,
enhance ecosystem biodiversity, produce nutrient-dense food, and store carbon to help
mitigate the effects of climate change.
• These farm systems are designed to work in harmony with nature, while also maintaining
and improving economic viability

● Agri -voltaic farming - kochi airport

● Carbon neutral farming - kerala 1st statae

● BioDynamic farming
● Climate smart agri

hydroponics/aquaponics

Agri Export-

52.5 bn
Agri export share in total export - 11%
Share in world agri trade - 2.4 %(despite…….)
19% growth last year

Agriculture export policy 2018.

• Issuing online certificates for exports with increased testing facilities and control rooms to
handle issues.
• Transport and Marketing Assistance Scheme for Specified Agriculture Products’ –for
providing assistance
for the international component of freight to mitigate the freight disadvantage.
• A Farmer Connect Portal set up for farmers, FPOs/FPCs, cooperatives to interact with
exporters.
• Assistance to the exporters of agricultural products available under the Export Promotion
Schemes of APEDA, MPEDA, Tea Board etc.
• Krishi UDAN 2.0 Scheme, by Ministry of Civil Aviation,
GI TAG
Fpo PROMOTION
For SPS?

CHALLENGES

Poor backward integration

Inadequate practices- chemicals,stoarge
SPS
Non tariff barriers
Low value addition (only 15% high value)
Limited products
WTO

WF
Strengthening agri food supply chain

IRRIGATION
Fertigation
PMkrishi sinchayi
Long term irrigation fund
Micro irrigation fund - 10k cr
Microirrigation (increase eff by ?)

Precision irri - root zone irri- telangana

Pani panchayat - odisha
Wasteland reclamation-sdg15
Reduced labour
Less electricity
Reduced weed growth
Sustained soil moisture

Traditional ?

Overall wf
River interlink
Pulses
RWH
IWM
NITI75 - energy friendly irrigation
Crop selection

Storage, Transport and Marketing of Agricultural Produce and

Issues and Related Constraints;

General Scheme
Agri infra fund- 1 L Cr - post harvest infra
Interest subvention

STORAGE
80 % manual
47% capacity
Cold storage short by 40 lakh tonnes
Improper management
High waste- 90k

National Policy on Handling and Storage of Food Grains 2000

The Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2007 made the Warehousing Receipt
a negotiable instrument.
• Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee (PEG) Scheme to augment the storage capacity of FCI in
PPP mode. - steel silos
• PM Kisan Sampada Yojana for Development of cold storage facilities, specialised
packaging units, warehousing facilities, etc.

WF
Drying, aeration, and temperature control: Moisture and temperature
Removing Covered and Plinth (CAP) storage:
Value chain development:
Grain silos
Hub and spoke model - silos
New godowns under private entrepreneur guarantee scheme
FPO
EC act
Update polcyi, 2000
Tech - sensors ,blockchain, IoT

TRANSPORT

Kisan RAIL
Krishi UDAN
Transport and marketing assistance scheme- mitigate freight disadvantage
MARKETING

ADD DATA
Ag marketing fund - 2k cr
Agri infra fund - 1L cr
Agri marketing - commercial functions involved in transferring agricultural products from
producer to consumer

ISSUES
Market info system
Absence of std grading
Licensing barriers
High charges
Infra
Lack of integrated market
monopolies

WF
Check monopolies
Create - agri derivates market
Unified e- spot market
Address information asymmetry’
eNAM (data) - 1361 mandis integrated - more than 1.75 crore farmers and 2.45 lakh
traders have registered on the e-NAM

Reform APMC (regulators, pv sector)

Infra - PPP
Rationalisation of commission - max 2%
Manoj rajan committee Implementation of MNI - market yard of national importance to
promote inter mandi inter state and intra state trade - better price

One nation one agri market

E-technology in the aid of farmers.

Mechanisation -
SMAM
CHC
E-NWR
Issues-
diff terrain/soil
Cost/credit
Surplus workers
Poor servicing facilities
Small farms
power
wd
Create local products
Indigenous research

BIOTECH
IOT
AI
BLOCKCHAIN
DRONES

STEPS TAKEN
Startups - agri drone
SWAMITVA

Livestock -
grew at 8%
30% of agri GDP

main issue
Fodder inflation (25 % in feb 23)
Lack of vets (shortage of 55k - nsso)
Productivity of native variety - average annual productivity of cattle in India during 2019-20 is
1777 kg per animal per year as against the world average of 2699 kg per animal per year
(FAO)
Diseases - lumpy - 1.5 lakh cattle died
Processing lack
l/o tech
Awareness about insemination
Non- recognition of indigenous cattles

Significance-
Manure - integrated
Income – investment
Insurance
Jobs- entre
Weed control
F Nutri
CC- resilience
Dalwai committee recommended too

Steps
NLM - piggery,poultry,shep, goat
National animal disease control programme
Animal husbandry infra development fund - 3% subvention
Integrated promotion

WF
ONE HEALTH approach
Promote startups
Mixed farming
Mobile vet clinics
Indian cows- A2 milk - USP
Maharashtra - Pashudhan Sanjeevani yojana -vet on calls

DAIRY
24% of global milk production
5% of national economy
>8 crore employment directly

Steps
NDDB
KCC

FISHERIES
8% of global
58 million livelihood
7% to agri GDP
Export
processing

Blue Revolution focus

• Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY):
A nationwide “River ranching programme” under
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
• Establishment of Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure
Development Fund (FIDF).
• In 2019, The Government has created a new Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and
Dairying with two separate Departments:
• National Policy on Marine Fisheries, 2017
• Kisan Credit Card (KCC) to fishermen and women.

Challenges
CC
Habitat loss
Overexploited/ unsustainable
Infra
Invasive species
SPS - shrimps
Cold chain/processing/certification
Habitat destruction - dredging , urbanisation , pollution

Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies

Types of subsidies

Minimum Support Prices

Benefits
Many

Issues
Ignores demand side
Price distorting -
Msp becomes base price - inflation
Unequal access and poor targeting
Procurement issues - from selected places - neglect in many - east india (so, promote
decentralised procurement
Biased towards large farmers, large states
Skewed cereals
Cropping pattern- rice wheat
Deters pvt investment
Demand for legalising
Burden on exchequer
WTO challenges
Less export

Wf
Use as positive factor- millets, pulses
NITI @ 75
Replace MSP by Min reserve price - starting point for auction in mandis
Price deficiency payment - bhavantar bhugtan
Replacing CACP by agri tribunal under A323B

Shanta Kumar ( MSP,Marketing, PDS) - pulses , oilseeds high price

Decentralised procurement - 36garh

Long term solution lies in creation of competitive stable and unified national market

Public Distribution System - Objectives, Functioning,

Limitations, Revamping;
Shantakumar recommendations

PDS
Right to food - PUCL vs UOI
SDG 2

Issues
Leakages
Beneficiaries
Fiscal burden
Quality of grains - black marketing

WF
FPS- coop/shg
End to end tech
Doorstep delivery
Fortify
NFSA
PM kalyan yojana
36 garh -
GPS tracking
Computerisation of FPS / PoS
Social auditing

Alternative
Direct food coupons
Cash transfers
UBI
ONOR

FCI
Add numbers
Cereal centric
Buffer stocks issue - open ended procurement
Corruption leakages
Storage
Procurement
Huge Bill
Off budget borrowing

Shanta kumar - hope to become agency for innovations in food management system by
creating competition
Handover procurement to expert states
Focus on states with small holdings - bihar , east UP - second GR
Outsource stocking options to private
Replace CAP with silo bag
Transparent liquidation of surplus stocks

Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security;

(possible questions)

Operational stocks - 4 months of PDS

Buffer -Approx 25 mt (incl strategic reserve of 2 mt rice and 3mt wheat
According to the new norms, the central pool should have 41.1
million tonnes of rice and wheat on July 1 and 30.7 million tonnes
on October 1 every year

lso, from 2015, Government has decided to create a buffer stock of 1.5 lakh tonnes
of pulses to control fluctuation in their prices.

FCI holds more than double the mandates

Storage cost
Wastage
Quality degrade
Inventory costs -
Trade disportion

FOOD PROCESSING INDUS

9% to manuf GDP
CAGR - 12%
GVA- 2.4 L CR (1.7 % of GVA total
12% of mngd employees
Potential - 9ml jobs/33 bn dollar investment (CII) by 2030

Budget allocation ?
Sunrise
Transformation of agri horti fisheries through systematic process thereby increasing
functional utility

potential/scope/opportunity
Raw material - enough and diverse
Demand
Growth
Rising incomes, nuclear families
Workforce cheap
Demo dividend - youth - processed food
Govt support
Potential - 9ml jobs/33 bn dollar investment (CII) by 2030

Signi
Demand -
CD
Demand for quality – better seeds
Less wastage
Side income for farmer
Jobs -reduce migration
Balanced development
Supply
Price Stabi
Nutrition
export

Challenges
Raw quality
Less contract farming
EC -storage
Lack of Skills (data)
Primitive tech/smaller - less automation
75% unorganised
Less CD/land/
SPS for export

Initiatives -
Sampada’ - MFP - 42 aim
Formalis of Micro - 10000Cr/20000 mfp
FPO
PSL
PLI
FDI 100pc
ODOP
Model contract farming act
Operation greens
l/o packaging std
Regulations

WF- food systems

Branding and marketing
RnD Hand Holding
Food tech courses
Uniform standards

Location of food processing indus

Upstream and Downstream Requirements,

Technology Missions;

Finish as much as agri today = confidence skyrocketed

One by one topic
Agri challenges ka mnemonic -