Myocardial infraction is the most prevalent form of CHD (MI).

It happens when a coronary

artery is blocked or nearly blocked, leading to a severe reduction in blood flow and the
infarction of some of the heart muscle that is supplied by that artery. ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are the two
clinical contexts for MI (NSTEMI). Characteristic changes on the electrocardiogram identify
STEMI (ECG). The typical elevation in the "ST segment," also known as STEMI, is one of those
ECG changes. On the other hand, NSTEMI refers to the absence of ST-segment elevation and
the presence of a positive cardiac biomarker like troponin.

The prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction are detailed in the sections that follow.

PREVALENCE OF MYOCRADIAL INFECTION

Prevalence is defined as the number of diseased individuals present in the population at a

specific time.

According to a self-reported national survey conducted in the UK in 2014, 640,000 men and
275,000 women were reported to have MI on average; this equates to about 915,000 people in
the UK. In the UK in 2013, men were about three times more likely to have MI than women. In
men aged 45 to 75, the prevalence of age-specific MI ranges from 0.06% to 2.46%, as
depicted in figure above. South Asian nations (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and
Nepal) have a higher prevalence of MI in people under 45 than in people over 60, in contrast to
these developed nations.

INCIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION

The incidence rate is determined as the number of new cases of a disease that occur during a
specific time.

First (acute) MI and MI in patients who had a prior MI are represented by prevalence. The last
factor is the only thing that MI incidence reflects. In developed nations like the United States
and the United Kingdom, the incidence of MI has been on the decrease. According to AHA data,
the most recent estimates of the incidence of MI in the USA are around 525,000. According to
data from the Mozaffarian Study, white men and women and black men and women experience
myocardial infarction at rates that are both similar and different. According to the study's
findings, black men aged 75 to 84 years had a significantly higher incidence of myocardial
infarction (12.9/100,000 males) than white men (9.1/100,000 males) and women (7.8/100,000
females). Other age groups and their counterparts show comparable trends. Analyzing the
success of public health initiatives to combat MI is crucial. In terms of the clinical form of MI, it
has been estimated that STEMI incidence rates (per 100,000) significantly decreased (from 121
to 77), whereas NSTEMI incidence rates only slightly decreased (126 to 132). In a
groundbreaking study, there was no difference in the all-cause mortality for STEMI and NSTEMI
between the follow-up periods of 6 months and 4 years. However, compared to NSTEMI
patients, the long-term prognosis for STEMI patients is worse. NSTEMI patients have a higher
7-year mortality rate than STEMI patients, according to other studies.