Sexual

Self
Presented by: Group 1
BSED MATHEMATICS - 1A

SWIPE LEFT
Presentation Outline
The Reproductive Physiology of
System Human Sexual
Response
Diseases Associated
with the Nervous System
Reproductive Factors
System
Sexual Problems
Erogenous Zones

Human Sexual Behavior

Sexual
Self
SELF-UNDERSTANDING is your
oducti
ability to understand who you are
tr o

in
and what led to who you are. You

n
understand your thoughts,
feelings, and actions, as well as
the why behind them. This
recognition of your motivations
help you develop your sense of
identity.
 Sexual Self
Understanding
Refers to how one perceives oneself as a sexual
being, including one's thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors. It involves sexual self-concept, which is
the totality of one's positive and negative concepts
and feelings about sexuality.
 Sexual Self
Understanding
It also involves psychosexual stages, which are
developmental phases that focus on different physical
sources of pleasure. Sexual self-understanding is
influenced by human reproductive system, erogenous
zones, and human sexual behavior.
 The male
reproductive system
bladder
penis

urethra sperm ducts

testis
scrotum
 The female
reproductive system
fallopian
fimbriae tube

ovary
uterus
cervix
vagina
The Reproductive System
• Gonads begin to form until 8th week of embryonic
development. (Marlev, E.N , 2001)
- These are reproductive glands that produces
gametes (testis & ovary).
- Testis/ Testes/ Testicles, the organ that
produces sperm cells.
 - Ovary, the organ that produces & stores ovum
(egg for fertilization).
• Indifferent stage
• The formation of female and male structure is
dependent on the presence of testosterone.
• Any intervention of the normal pattern of sex
hormone production in the embryo results in
strange abnormalities.
- Pseudohermaphrodites, individuals having
accessory reproductive organs that do not
match their gonads.
- Hermaphrodites, are individuals who have
both ovarian and testicular tissues.
• One month before birth is a critical event for the
development of reproductive organs.
- Failure of the event may lead to cryptorchidism,
the absence of at least one testicle from the
scrotum
> This usually occurs in young males and
causes sterility - the inability to produce an
offspring.
• Abnormal separation of chromosomes during
meiosis can lead to congenital defects of the
reproductive system.
- Males who possess extra female sex
choromosome have normal male organ but
shrinking of testes causes them to be sterile.
- One sex chromosome;
> XO (Female) lacks ovaries
 > YO (Male) may die during development.
- Phimosis, the inability to retract the skin (a
tight foreskin) that covers the head of the penis.

• Puberty period of life generally between ages 10-15

years old wherein reproductive organs become
functional under the influence of rising levels of
gonadal hormones.
• The changes that occur during puberty are similar
in sequence in all individuals but the age at which
they occur differs.
- Males at the age of 13;
> increase size of penis
> appearance of hairs in pubic area, axillary
and face
- Females at the age of 11;
> budding of the breast
> menarche, the first occurrence of
menstruation
> ovulation and fertility
 Diseases Associated
with the
Reproductive System
Reproductive diseases are illnesses that affect the
reproductive system, including sexual dysfunction,
cancers of the reproductive system, congenital
abnormalities, and infections of the reproductive
tract.
Female:
1. Vaginal Infections
- usual infections include those caused by
Escherichia coli (spread through the digestive
tract); the sexually transmitted microorganisms
such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes virus;
and yeast (a type of fungus).
 - If vaginal infections are left untreated, it may
spread throughout the female reproductive tract
and may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); an
infection that can cause infertility if left untreated.

2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

- A hormonal disorder that can cause irregular
periods, acne, and weight gain.
3. Tumors of the breast and cervix
- The most common reproductive cancers in
adult females.
- Breast and Cervix tumors can be benign
(non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

4. Menopause
- Occurs when females no longer experience
menstruation.
tumors of the breast and cervix
chest muscles
rib

tumor ovary

milk duct uterus

cancer
fat tissue

lobules vagina cervix

Male:
1. Orchitis, or inflammation of the testes
- it is rather uncommon but is serious because
it can cause sterility.
- it is most commonly follows mumps in an
adult male.
- caused by either bacterial or viral infections,
including sexually transmitted infections.
2. Prostate Cancer
- (a common sequel to prostatic hypertrophy)
is a widespread problem in adult males.
 The most common
inflammatory conditions:
• Prostatitis - An inflammation of the prostate
gland.
• Urethritis - An inflammation of the urethra, the
tube that carries urine from the
bladder to the outside of the body.
 • Epididymitis - An inflammation of the
epididymis, the coiled tube
located at the back of the testicle
that stores and carries sperm.

These three inflammatory conditions may follow sexual

contacts in which sexually transmitted disease (STD)
microorganisms are transmitted.
 Erogenous
Zones
The points on the body that you can touch to
stimulate pleasure. We all have erogenous zones,
but everyone’s different, so you may not feel all
that tingly goodness in the same area as another
person.
 mouth and lips
scalp

ears
neck
inner areola and
wrists nipples

inner thighs

small of the back

(sacrum)
navel and lower stomach
pubic
mound
 glans

frenulum

scrotum
perineum
 Human Sexual
Behavior
Defined as any activity of one person or
between people that induces sexual arousal. It
is a broad spectrum of behavior in which
humans display their sexuality.
Factors that determine
Human Sexual Behavior
Biological Factors - genetics, hormones
Psychological Factors - emotions, perceptions,
experiences, and mental health
Sociocultural Factors - society and cultural norms
Interpersonal Factors - relationships to other
people
Environmental Factors - living conditions, exposure
to toxins
 Types of Human
Sexual Behavior
1. Solitary Behavior
- involves only one person, it is self-stimulation
that leads to sexual arousal and generally sexual
climax.
Example: Masturbating
Things that we can use in
masturbating
dildos vibrators

plugs
2. Sociosexual Behavior
- participants of this behavior is usually between two or
more people.
Heterosexual - behavior that occurs in between
male and female
Homosexual - behavior that occurs in between
male and male/female and female
Example:
- Petting
- Coitus (intercourse)
- Anal Sex
Thus, everyone must make responsible decisions
with regard to sexuality and sexual behavior.

Responsible sexual behavior entails the following:

1. Respect for one’s body.
2. Maturity in thoughts and deeds.
3. Being guided by one’s personal
belief and core values.
4. Being future-oriented
 Physiology of Human
Sexual Response

Sequence of physical and emotional changes that occur

as a person becomes sexually aroused and participates
in sexually stimulating activities, including intercourse
and masturbation.
1. Excitement Phase
• Vasocongestion - blood flow to the pelvic
region increases.
• Myotonia - muscle tension increases
throughout the body.
2. Plateau Phase
• Continuation of Vasocongestion and
Myotonia - the changes that began in the
excitement phase continue and intensify.
 • Increased Breathing and Heart Rate -
respiratory rate and heart rate continue to
rise.
• Sexual Tension - there is a further increase in
muscle tension and sexual arousal.
3. Sexual Climax
• also known as Orgasmic Phase.
• Muscle Contractions - intense rhythmic
contractions occur in the pelvic region,
leading to a release of sexual tension.
 In men, this is accompanied by ejaculation,
while in women, there may be contractions of.
the vaginal walls.
• Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure -
these physiological responses peak during
orgasm.
• Release of Endorphins - the brain releases
endorphins, which contribute to the feeling of
pleasure and satisfaction.
4. Resolution Phase
• Return to Baseline - the body gradually
returns to its pre-aroused state.
• Refractory Period (Men) - in men, there is
often a refractory period during which it is
difficult or impossible to achieve another
erection or orgasm.
• Muscle Relaxation - muscle tension
decreases, and physiological functions such
as heart rate and breathing return to normal.
 Nervous System
Factors
The entire nervous system plays a significant role
during sexual response.
• Autonomic System - it is involved in controlling
the involuntary response.
• Brain - interpretation of the sensory message
and dictate what will be the immediate and
appropriate response of the body.
Efferent Cerebrospinal Nerves - receives
commands from the brain and send them to
muscles.
Spinal Cord - serves as a great transmission
cable.
Glands - secrete their respective product.
Hypothalamus and Limbic System - these are
parts of the brain believed to be responsible for
regulating the sexual response.
Sex Hormones - can intensify the mounting
behavior of individuals. One response pattern is
dominant and the other latent can still be
initiated when suitable circumstances.
Reflex Sexual Response - mediated by the loser
spinal cord and lead to erection and ejaculation
for male, vaginal discharges and lubrication for
female when genitals and perineal areas are
stimulated.
 Sexual
Problems
Sexual problems may be classified as physiological,
psychological, and social in origin. And a specific
problem might have a combination of these aspects.
Physiological Problems
- involves issues related to the physical aspects
of sexual function.
 Examples of Physiological Problems

Vaginal Infections Retroverted Uteri

healthy vs. retroverted

Prostatitis Adrenal Tumors

normal vs. prostatitis healthy vs. with tumor

Diabetes
Psychological Problems
- refers to the mental and emotional factors
that influence an individual's sexual health and
well-being. They are usually caused by socially
induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes,
ignorance, and sexual myths held by society
Examples:
• Performance anxiety • Past trauma
• Body image issues • Cultural Beliefs
Premature Ejaculation
- premature emission of semen is a condition
where a man ejaculates sooner than he or his
partner desires during sexual activity. Sometimes
this is not the consequence of any psychological
problem but the natural result of excessive tension
in a male who has been sexually
Ejaculatory Impotence
- is a condition where a person is unable to
ejaculate during coitus or sexual intercourse. It may
occasionally happen in older men or those who have
surpassed their usual sexual limits.
Vaginismus
- is a condition where the pelvic muscles tighten
strongly, constricting the female reproductive
organ, making penetration painful or even
impossible.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are
infections transmitted from an infected person to an
uninfected person through sexual contact. STDs can
be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Examples:
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
Examples:
• Chancroid
• Human Papillomavirus
• Herpes Simplex Virus
• Trichomonas Vaginalis
 Natural and Artificial
Methods of Contraception
Natural Methods
- involves avoiding sexual intercourse or using
fertility awareness methods to determine and avoid
fertile periods in a woman's menstrual cycle. It does not
involve any chemical or foreign body introduction into
the human body.
1. Abstinence
- this natural method
involves refraining from
sexual intercourse and is
the most effective natural
birth control method with
ideally 0% fail rate.
2. Calendar Method
- This method is also called the rhythm
method. It is a natural contraceptive approach that
involves tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to
identify the fertile days when pregnancy is more
likely
Calendar
Method
3. Basal Body Temperature (BBT)
- indicates the woman's temperature at rest.
The woman must record her temperature every
morning before any activity. A slight decrease in
the basal body temperature followed by a gradual
increase in the basal body temperature can be a
sign that a woman has ovulated.
4. Cervical Mucus Method
- a form of natural method
that involves paying close
attention to changes in the
texture and appearance of
cervical mucus throughout
a woman's menstrual cycle.
5. Symptothermal Method
- is basically a combination
of the BBT method and the
cervical mucus method. The
woman records her
temperature every morning
and also takes note of changes
in her cervical mucus.
6. Ovulation Detection
- the ovulation detection method uses an over-
the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of
the woman. The kit can predict ovulation through
the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) that happens
12 to 24 hours before ovulation.
Ovulation Detection
 Natural and Artificial
Methods of Contraception

Artificial Methods
- are man-made interventions designed to prevent
pregnancy by inhibiting the union of sperm and egg.
1. Oral Contraceptives
- also known as the pills, oral
contraceptives contain synthetic
estrogen and progesterone. It is
suggested that the woman takes the
first pill on the first Sunday after the
beginning of a menstrual flow, or as
soon as it is prescribed by the doctor.
2. Transdermal Patch
- involves using a small,
adhesive patch applied to the
skin to prevent pregnancy.
This patch releases synthetic
hormones, usually estrogen
and progesterone, through the
skin and into the bloodstream
3. Vaginal Ring
- type of artificial
contraceptive method that
involves a small, flexible ring
inserted into the vagina which
releases a combination of
estrogen and progesterone
and it surrounds the cervix.
4. Subdermal implants
- are two rod-like
implants inserted beneath a
woman's skin either during
her menstruation or on the
seventh day of her
menstrual cycle to prevent
pregnancy.
5. Hormonal injection
- contains medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone,
and is usually given once every 12 weeks
Intramuscularly. The injection causes changes in the
endometrium and cervical mucus and can help
prevent ovulation.
6. Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- a small, T-shaped
object containing
progesterone that is
inserted into the uterus
via the female
reproductive organ.
7. Chemical Barriers
- Chemical barriers like spermicides,
vaginal gels, creams, and glycerin films
are employed to eliminate sperm before
they reach the cervix and to decrease
the pH level in the female reproductive
organs, making it less favorable for
sperm.
8. Diaphragm
- It is a circular, rubber disk that
fits the cervix and should be placed
before coitus or sexual intercourse.
Diaphragm works by inhibiting the
entrance of the sperm into the
female reproductive organ and it
works better when used together
with a spermicide.
9. Cervical Cap
- this cap is a non-hormonal contraceptive
method designed to cover the cervix and prevent
sperm from entering the uterus.
10. Male Condoms
- are barrier devices worn over the penis during
sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
Condoms also help protect against sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) by preventing the
exchange of bodily fluids.
11. Female Condoms
- are barrier devices used for
contraception. They're worn
inside the vagina to prevent
sperm from reaching the egg.
Unlike male condoms, female
condoms can be inserted before
sex, giving women more control
over their reproductive health.
Why is it important to learn
about our sexual self?
Understanding our sexual self is key to knowing
ourselves better and making smart choices in
relationships. It helps us build a strong sense of who
we are, guiding us in making informed decisions and
having healthier connections.
Why is it important to learn
about our sexual self?
This knowledge also helps us stay mentally and
physically healthy by recognizing and dealing with
potential sexual health issues. Plus, it lets us set
boundaries, respect our feelings, and speak up for
sexual health rights in our communities.
 Thank you for listening!
Group 2 Members:
Agbona, Bemar Lanorias, Cyril
Autor, Therese Geah Lawas, Carol
Empalmado, Karen Saban, Erica
Forones, Royamae