CHEMISTRY

INVISTIGATORY PROJECT
DHYEYA KATARE XII-B ROLL NO-35
D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL, NEW PANVEL 2023-24
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to thank entire

D.A.V. Public School, New Panvel for
nurturing me to be a good human being. I
specially thank our Principal SIR, MR
CHAITANYA REDDY for providing us a
very good laboratory facility and
excellent teachers. I also express my
gratitude to our chemistry teacher Mrs.
Krutika Patil for her valuable and timely
guidance for the project. I also thank our
lab assistant MR. PARAG sir.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mast. Dhyeya Katare of std. XII-B, Roll

No. 35, studying in D.A.V. Public School, New Panvel has
completed his Chemistry Project work under my guidance and
has submitted the project to my satisfaction.

Date: Signature of teacher

Signature of
External Examiner

School Stamp Principal

Signature
 INDEX

SR. PAGE
TOPIC
NO. NO.

1 AIM 5

2 MATERIAL REQUIRED 6

3 THEORY 7

4 PROCEDURE 9

5 OBSERVATION TABLE 12

6 RESULT 14

7 PRECAUTIONS 15

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 16
 AIM

To analyze the available

honey for presence of
different minerals and
carbohydrates.
 MATERIALS REQUIRED

APPARATUS
1. TEST TUBE
2. TEST TUBE STAND
3. BURNER
4.WATER BATH
CHEMICALS
1.FEHLING SOLUTION A
2. FEHLING SOLUTION B
3.AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
4.AMMONIUM OXALATE SOLUTION
5.AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
6.CONC.NITRIC ACID
7.POTASSIUM SULPHOCYANIDE SOLUTION
 THEORY
Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated
sugar solution manufactured by bees to
feed their larvae and for the subsistence
during winter. Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in varying
proportions. It also contains several
enzymes and OILS. The color & flavor
depends on the age of the honey and the
sources of the nectar .It colored honeys
are usually of higher quality than dark
coloured honeys. Other high grade honeys
are made by bees from orange blossoms,
clover and Alfalfa. A well known, poorer
grade honey is produced from buckwheat.
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307
cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up
moisture from the air and is consequently
used as a moistEning agent for Tobacco
and in baking. Glucose crystallizes out of
honey on standing at room temperature,
leaving on uncrystallized layer of
dissolved fructose. Honey to be
MARKETED is usually heated by a special
process to about 66o C [150.01 F] to
dissolve the crystals and is sealed to
prevent crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily at
about 16 degrees Celsius .
 procedure

TEST FOR MINERALS:-

1.Test for Potassium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
picric acid solution is added. Yellow
precipitate indicates the presence of K+.
2. Test for Calcium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
NH4Cl solution and NH4OH solution are
added to it. The solution is filtered and to
the filtrate 2ml of ammonium oxalate
solution is added. White ppt. or milkiness
indicates the presence of Ca2+ ions.
3. Test for Magnesium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
NH4Cl solution is added to it and then
excess of Ammonium phosphate solution
is added. The side of the test tube is
scratched with a glass rod. White
precipitate indicates the presence of Mg2+
ions.
4. Test for Iron:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and a
drop of conc. HNO3 is added and it is
heated. It is cooled and 2-3 drops of
Potassium sulphocyanide solution is
added to it. Blood red colour shows the
presence of iron
 TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1.Fehling`s test:
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and 1ml
each of Fehling`s solution A and Fehling`s
solution B are added to it and boiled. Red
precipitate indicates the presence of
reducing sugars.
2.Tollen`s test:
2-3 ml of aqueous solution of honey is
taken in a test tube. 2-3ml of Tollen`s
reagent is added. The test tube is kept in a
boiling water bath for about ten minutes.
A shining silver mirror indicates the
presence of reducing carbohydrates.
 Observation table
Substance taken: Honey

SL. TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

NO

1 Test for Yellow ppt.is Potassium is

Potassium:- observed present.
Honey + Picric
acid solution

2 Test for White ppt. or Calcium is

Calcium:- milkiness is not absent.
Honey + NH4Cl observed
soln. + NH4OH
soln. filtered +
(NH4)2C2O4
3 White ppt.is Magnesium
Test for not observed is absent.
Magnesium:-
Honey+ NH4OH
(till solution
becomes
alkaline) +
(NH4)3Po4
4 Test for Blood red Reducing
Iron:- colour is sugar is
Honey+ observed present.
conc.HNO3,
heated and
cooled, +
potassium
sulphocyanide
5 Fehling`s Red ppt. is Reducing
test:- Honey + observed sugar is
1mL each of present.
Fehling`s
solution A and
Fehling`s
solution
6 Tollen’s test:- Shining silver Reducing
Honey + 2-3mL mirror is carbohydrate
Tollen`s observed
reagent, test
tube in water
bath for 10
minutes
 RESULT
Potassium is present.
Iron is present.
Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honey contains reducing sugar.
 PRECAUTIONS

1.Don’t touch any chemicals with hand

2.Don’t keep the reagent bottle open

3.Never add water to acid. Always pour

acid slowly into the water with
continuous stirring.

4. Never add water to a very hot beaker or

flask.

5.Make sure that every apparatus

containing lead products is carefully
washed and care is taken to avoid
ingestion of lead products.
 BIBILOGRAPHY

Apart from valuable guidance from our

Chemistry teacher, this project wouldn’t
have been completed without support &
help of fellow students as well as my
parents.
In addition, I referred following books for
this project:
1.NCERT Chemistry text book for Std. XI
2.Science Encyclopedia
3.Comprehensive Practical Chemistry