This document discusses several topics related to powder metallurgy and materials processing:
1) A novel apparatus is described for non-destructively evaluating green compacts using electrical resistivity measurements. The method detects flaws by injecting current and measuring potential distributions.
2) A simulation models anisotropic sintering due to prior compaction, showing greater shrinkage transverse to compaction from pore morphology. Experiments agree with the simulation.
3) A method to evaluate impact frequency and velocity during mechanical alloying is presented. Impact characteristics can be determined from time lag measurements.
This document discusses several topics related to powder metallurgy and materials processing:
1) A novel apparatus is described for non-destructively evaluating green compacts using electrical resistivity measurements. The method detects flaws by injecting current and measuring potential distributions.
2) A simulation models anisotropic sintering due to prior compaction, showing greater shrinkage transverse to compaction from pore morphology. Experiments agree with the simulation.
3) A method to evaluate impact frequency and velocity during mechanical alloying is presented. Impact characteristics can be determined from time lag measurements.
This document discusses several topics related to powder metallurgy and materials processing:
1) A novel apparatus is described for non-destructively evaluating green compacts using electrical resistivity measurements. The method detects flaws by injecting current and measuring potential distributions.
2) A simulation models anisotropic sintering due to prior compaction, showing greater shrinkage transverse to compaction from pore morphology. Experiments agree with the simulation.
3) A method to evaluate impact frequency and velocity during mechanical alloying is presented. Impact characteristics can be determined from time lag measurements.
constant before and after rolling in which the Apparatus for non-destructive find the best one for
ructive find the best one for prediction of changes in
roll gap is divided into a feed zone and a com- evaluation of green compacts by conductivity relative to changes in process paction zone is considered with regard to fac- electrical resistivity conditions. Properties were studied to establish tors, powder characteristics and process condi- a relationship between conductivity, pore mor- G.Bogdanou et al. (Worcester Polytechnic Inst., USA.) phology, porosity and mechanical behaviour. It tions, influencing the properties of the rolled Measurement Science and Technology, Vol 11, No 2, metal. is reported that conductivity can be used, non- 2000, 157-166. destructively, for prediction of properties. Fe, A novel apparatus, based on use of electri- Fe-0.8%C and Fe-0.7%C-lS%Mo were used Sintering cal resistivity, for non-destructive testing of in the study. green compacts is described. Direct current is Simulation of anisotropy in sintering injected into the part and an array of spring- due to prior compaction loaded contacts detects the distribution of Dynamic properties of potential in the sample. This is used to detect injection-moulded nickel-carbon A.Zaualiangos,D.Bouuard. (Inst. National Polytechnique de Grenoble, France.) Int. I. PowderMet&, Vol36, No the presence of flaws. The method and the low alloy steel 7, 2000, 58-65. testing algorithm are described and results dis- H.Miura et al. (Kumamoto University Kumamoto, It is noted that anisotropic sintering can cussed. The technique was validated against Japan.) .J.Jaean Sec. Powder/Powder Metall., Vol47, No be attributed to morphology of pores formed samples with flaws made from dielectric mate- 12, 2000, 1267-1271. InJapanese. during pressing. A two-dimensional simula- rials inserted. Impact and fatigue properties of injection tion to support this concept, using finite ele- moulded Fe-2%Ni-0.7%C were investigated ments for compaction and finite differences Impact characteristics and Samples were solvent and thermally debound for surface grain boundary sintering is mechanical alloying and residual C was accurately controlled to described. It is deduced that, for clean pow- 0.7% during processing. The dynamic proper- G.Mulas et al. (University ofSassan’,Sassati, Italy.) Int. ders, anisotropy in neck size results in greater ties are superior to conventional PM steels due J. Non-Equill. Process., Vol 11, No 3, 2000, 235-269. to finer and more spheroidal pore structures. shrinkage in the transverse direction than in An experimental method for evaluation of the direction of compaction. The anisotropy impact frequency and velocity of impacting can be reversed if the compaction pressure is balls during mechanical alloying in vibrating Molybdenum high enough to disrupt the surface oxide and shaking mills is described. A time lag films at locations normal to compaction parameter is deduced for the times when the Diffusion in molybdenum-tantalum direction. This results in enhanced diffusion. vial reaches the end of its displacement and system There was agreement between simulation when the ball strikes the end face. Impact F.Guillemot et al. (National Inst. for Applied Sciences, and experiment. velocity can be calculated. This allows oper- Rennes , France .) lnt J. Refract. Metals/Hard Mater., Vol ating conditions to be established. 19, No 3, 2001, 183-189. Mechanical alloying of Ni-Ti was investigat- in Mo-Ta was investigated at 1500 Magnetic sintering of ferromagnetic Diffusion ed. Fractions of amorphous alloy and rates of to 1900°C. Inter-diffusion coefficients were powder compacts reaction were determined. It is suggested that found to be weakly dependent on composition. T.Watanabe et al. (Tohoku University, Send& Japan.) there is a common amorphisation path for Temperature dependence leads to Arhenius Mater. Trans., JIM., Vol41, No 8, 2000, 991-999. mechanical alloying. parameters consistent with published values It is reported that carbonyl Fe and Co pow- and a vacancy mechanism. Diffusion coeffi- ders had been sintered in a magnetic field to Influence of induced anisotropy in cients for MO into Ta and Ta into MO were control microstructure. It is shown that for Fe, consistent with inter-diffusion with some powder materials densification and grain growth are enhanced anomalous behaviour. by the magnetic field in ferro- and para-mag- N.Bontcheua et al. (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.) Int. J. Mech. Sciences, Vol 42, No 3, netic states. Increased field strength increased Simulation of deformation texture in 2000, 593-615. den&cation. The effects seemed most signifi- Development of anisotropy in compaction cold rolled molybdenum sheet cant in the intermediate stages of sintering. and during plastic deformation of porous sin- Phenomena are attributed to the magnetic P.uan Houtte, Y.S.Liu. (Jiao Tong University Shanghai, tered materials is discussed and a mechanical China.) Int. J. Refract. Metals/Hard Mater., Vol 19, No field providing a driving force for grain bound- model, taking anisotropy into account, is pro- 3,2001, 209-216. ary migration. Magnetic field suppressed densi- posed. Finite element analysis and numerical An attempt to apply the Taylor-Bishop-Hill fication of Co. simulation of compaction and forging were car- theory to design of sheet rolling of MO is ried out to assess the effects of anisotropy on described. Factors in straight-rolled and cross- Fundamentals density distribution and final part shape. rolled MO were determined experimentally and simulated by full constrains and relaxed con- Powder-based rapid prototyping strains models. It is reported that the pancake techniques - limitations and Iron and steel version of the relaxed constrains model allows opportunities Microstructure and electrical the better prediction of rolling texture.
R.M.German et al. (Pennsylvania State University,
conductivity and mechanical USA.) PM Science/Technology Briefs, Vol2, No 4,2000, properties of sintered steels Nickel 18-20. H.Danninger et al. (University of Technology, Vienna, Methods of rapid prototyping are discussed Austria.) Powder Metall., No 143, No 3, 2000, 219. Nano-indentation of nano-crystalline with reference to use of selective laser sintering 227. inconel powder and slurry casting. Issues of shape complexity, The role of microstructure on mechanical E.J.La~ernia et al. (University of Ca&mia, Irvine, surface finish and dimensional precision properties was investigated by means of electri- USA.) PM Science/Technology Briefs, Vol2, No 5, 2000, attainable are considered in order to recqgnise cal conductivity and fractography to assess de- 5-9. applications to be avoided and potential niche lubrication. with effects of process conditions Investigations of synthesis, by high-energy areas which can be exploited. taken into account. Models were evaluated to cryogenic milling, and characterisation, by a
Advances in Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 2005