Literacy Is a Language Process A strong oral language base facilitates reading and writing development.

Literacy Is a Cognitive Process Cognition refers to the nature of knowing. Literacy Is a Psychological or Affective Process A Students attitude will affect literacy development, Students must have the desire to learn or improve.

Literacy Is a Social/Cultural Process Learners are influenced by their social culture. Language and culture play a critical role in building social capital. Civic Literacy is the foundation by which a democratic society functions. Children come to school knowing how to communicate with the rules of their home culture. Literacy Is a Physiological Process Depending on the specific literacy act certain physical processes are activated.

Literacy Is an Emerging Process Emergent literacy is the transformation that occurs when young children after having been exposed to printed material actively construct for themselves how oral, written and visual languages work. From a childs perspective early literacy is as much a social activity as a cognitive one.

Literacy Represents the Linguistic Intelligence Gardners Multiple Intelligences Especially relevant to anyone who recognizes that learners are unique and can benefit from a variety of pathways to literacy. Reading can be realized through the use of several intelligences. Three Key Principles of MI Prevalent Views about Literacy Instruction Holistic view, Skills-based view, Comprehensive view, Interactive view

Academic Literacy or Instructional Literacy Deals primarily with textbooks and other forms of scholarly or informational oral, written, or visual language. Usually have well specified goals. International Reading Association (IRA) National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE)

Recreational Literacy or Independent Literacy Deals primarily with affective dimensions: fostering positive interests, attitudes and habits concerning areas of the language arts reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing and visually representing. Aesthetic Reading focuses attention on the emotional and psychological dimension of literacy. The two goals of an effective literacy program should be maintained and balanced at least throughout the elementary school years, although emphasis may change according to the literacy need of the student. Both goals are equally important for students literacy growth at all levels of education.