Republic of the Philippines

DEAPRTMENT OF EDUCATION
National Capital Region
Division of Pasig City
KAPITOLYO HIGH SCHOOL

READING AND WRITING

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard : understands the relationship of a written text and the
context in which it was developed.
B. Performance Standard : writes a 1000-word critique of selected text on the
basis of its claim/s, context, and properties as a written material.
C. Learning Competencies : Explains critical reading as reasoning B. Critical
Reading EN11/12RWS-IVac-8
D. Learning Objectives:
1. Define vocabulary words
2. Familiarize the ways to become an effective critical reader
3. Demonstrate forms of reasoning

II. CONTENT
Critical Reading as Reasoning

III. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Reference: SDO Module

IV. PROCEDURES
a. ACTIVITY
WARM UP ACTIVITY
b. ANALYSIS

Critical Reading – a process of analyzing a text that entails active understanding

of an author’s words and its meaning
Evidence – anything used to support the validity of the assertions
Fact – one that can be verified or proved true by objective means
Opinion- one that cannot be verified or proved true by objective means
Reasoning – the process of forming conclusions, inferences or interpretations
based on data, information or evidence
Inference – the drawing of a new conclusion from information that is already
known
Generalization – a conclusion based on several particular facts or cases
Analogy – a comparison between two things that are similar in some ways but are
essentially unlike
Cause and Effect – sequence is one which something is caused by one or more
events occurred before it

c. ABSTRACTIONS

EFFECTIVE CRITICAL READER

An effective critical reader reflects on:

 What the text says which means that after critically reading the
text, you should be able to take note of the key points in your own
words.
 What the text describes, meaning, you are confident that you
understood the whole text and compare and contrast what you
have read to other writings
 Interpretation of the text in which you should be able to
analyze the text and create meaning from it

CRITICAL READING AS REASONING

 By reading critically, you find out the author’s views on something, ask
questions, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s
argument, and decide to agree or disagree with it. Of course, if you are to
decide whether you agree or not with the ideas of the author in the text,
you need to reason out. Reasoning always contain inferences or
interpretation which help us to come up with a conclusion. It should
always base on data, information or evidence.
 In analyzing text, it is important to also check the reliability of the author’s
claim. To know if a statement is reliable or not, you should be able to
distinguish which is a fact and which is an opinion. Facts are statements
 that can be proven to be true by the use of evidence while opinion are
neither true nor false and expresses beliefs, attitude, value, judgement or
feeling.

MAKING USE OF THE 4 FORMS OF REASONING

It is important to make use of the different forms of reasoning - inference,

generalization, analogy and cause and effect to support your claim after doing
critical reading and thinking.

 Inference – drawing of a new conclusion from an information that

is already known
Example: My sister is excellent at surfing, so she should be good at
skateboarding. (surfing and skateboarding have similar skills)

 Generalization – conclusion based on several facts or cases.

Example: Every homeroom in our school has more girls, so there are
more girls than boys in our school. (supported by an evidence)

 Analogy – a comparison between 2 things that are similar some ways

but are essentially unlike.
Example: The cell is like a factory – it processes raw materials, produces
energy, and discharges waste. (compared functions that are similar)

 Cause and Effect – one which something is caused by one or more

events that occurred before it.
Example: When a warm air mass meets a cool air mass, it rains.

d. APPLICATION
Prepared by:

MS. EDERLYN B. POMUCENO

RW PST

Checked by:

MS. LORRIELYN B. OPLE

Resource Teacher