Presented by:

JOYCE ANN MARIE AMARILLE

 CLIMATES
G E OL OGIC LIVING
E V E NTS I N T H INGS I N OF THE
R O CK S ROCKS PAST
CLIMATES
OF THE
PAST
 •
•
CLIMATES •
OF THE •
•
PAST •
 Corals build their hard skeletons
from calcium carbonate, a mineral
extracted from sea water. The
carbonate contains isotopes of
oxygen, as well as trace metals, that
can be used to determine the
temperature of the water in which the
coral grew.

Coral from Galapagos

 Since tree growth is
influenced by climatic conditions,
patterns in tree-ring widths,
density, etc. reflect variations in
climate.
• Ice accumulates from
snowfall compressed over
many thousands of years.

• Ice cores contain dust, air

bubbles, or isotopes of oxygen,
that can be used to interpret
the past climate of that area.

• “the gold standard” of paleo

climatologists.
• Pollen grains are well preserved in
the sediment layers of ponds, lakes or
the ocean.

• Analysis of pollen grains in each layer

tell us what kinds of plants were
growing at the time the sediment was
deposited. Inferences can then be
made about the climate based on the
types of plants found each layer.
Pollen spores from the
Florida Everglades
• Scientists have recorded 169
glaciers from around the world.

• Study of glacier length over time

indicates the change in
temperature.

Aerial view of glaciers

• Direct measurements of
temperature from boreholes drilled
into the Earth’s crust.

• Changes in temperature have slowly

diffused downward, warming or
cooling layers meters below the
surface.
 *Asteroid explosion causing
widespread forest fires.
*Explosion causes dust sucked
in the air resulting to warmer
temperatures.
 Cenozoic – Paleocene epoch
*volcanic ash clouds dissipated
and temperatures rose rapidly
paving the way in repopulating the
Earth.
 Eocene epoch
*tectonic activity and volcanic
eruptions causes rapid rise in
temperature.
 Oligocene epoch
*weakening of greenhouse
effect thus temperatures drop
rapidly.
 MIOCENE EPOCH
*abrupt cooling and formation
of glaciers
 PLEISTOCENE
*rapid rate of formation of
glaciers
*warm air cannot travel due to
formation of continents
 *rise in temperature causes
the glaciers to melt and rise of
sea levels.
*paving the way for savannahs
and organisms to repopulate.
 20th CENTURY – INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
*rise in global temperature because
of high CO2 emissions brought
about by factories and man-made
activities
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-
nature/everything-you-ever-wanted-know-about-earths-
past-climates-180968797/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwIPj8GtHo0

https://www.slideshare.net/cdenef/climate-change-in-
the-past-palaeoclimate